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-.\" ========================================================================
-.\"
-.IX Title "xparace 3"
-.TH xparace 3 "July 23, 2013" "version 2.1.15" "SAORD Documentation"
-.\" For nroff, turn off justification.  Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
-.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
-.if n .ad l
-.nh
-.SH "NAME"
-\&\fB\s-1XPA\s0 Race Conditions\fR
-.SH "SYNOPSIS"
-.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
-Potential \s-1XPA\s0 race conditions and how to avoid them.
-.SH "DESCRIPTION"
-.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
-Currently, there is only one known circumstance in which \s-1XPA\s0 can get
-(temporarily) deadlocked in a race condition: if two or more \s-1XPA\s0
-servers send messages to one another using an \s-1XPA\s0 client routine such
-as \fIXPASet()\fR, they can deadlock while each waits for the other server
-to respond.  (This can happen if the servers call \fIXPAPoll()\fR with a
-time limit, and send messages in between the polling call.)  The
-reason this happens is that both client routines send a string to the
-other server to establish the handshake and then wait for the server
-response. Since each client is waiting for a response, neither is able
-to enter its event-handling loop and respond to the other's
-request. This deadlock will continue until one of the timeout periods
-expire, at which point an error condition will be triggered and the
-timed-out server will return to its event loop.
-.PP
-Starting with version 2.1.6, this rare race condition can be
-avoided by setting the \s-1XPA_IOCALLSXPA\s0 environment variable for servers
-that will make client calls. Setting this variable causes all \s-1XPA\s0
-socket \s-1IO\s0 calls to process outstanding \s-1XPA\s0 requests whenever the
-primary socket is not ready for \s-1IO\s0. This means that a server making a
-client call will (recursively) process incoming server requests while
-waiting for client completion. It also means that a server callback
-routine can handle incoming \s-1XPA\s0 messages if it makes its own \s-1XPA\s0 call.
-The semi-public routine oldvalue=XPAIOCallsXPA(newvalue) can be used
-to turn this behavior off and on temporarily. Passing a 0 will turn
-off \s-1IO\s0 processing, 1 will turn it back on. The old value is returned
-by the call.
-.PP
-By default, the \s-1XPA_IOCALLSXPA\s0 option is turned off, because we judge
-that the added code complication and overhead involved will not be
-justified by the amount of its use.  Moreover, processing \s-1XPA\s0 requests
-within socket \s-1IO\s0 can lead to non-intuitive results, since incoming
-server requests will not necessarily be processed to completion in the
-order in which they are received.
-.PP
-Aside from setting \s-1XPA_IOCALLSXPA\s0, the simplest way to avoid this race
-condition is to multi-process: when you want to send a client message,
-simply start a separate process to call the client routine, so that
-the server is not stopped. It probably is fastest and easiest to use
-\&\fIfork()\fR and then have the child call the client routine and exit. But
-you also can use either the \fIsystem()\fR or \fIpopen()\fR routine to start one
-of the command line programs and do the same thing. Alternatively, you
-can use \s-1XPA\s0's internal \fIlaunch()\fR routine instead of \fIsystem()\fR. Based on
-\&\fIfork()\fR and \fIexec()\fR, this routine is more secure than \fIsystem()\fR because
-it does not call /bin/sh.
-.PP
-Starting with version 2.1.5, you also can send an \fIXPAInfo()\fR message with
-the mode string \*(L"ack=false\*(R". This will cause the client to send a message
-to the server and then exit without waiting for any return message from
-the server. This UDP-like behavior will avoid the server deadlock when
-sending short XPAInfo messages.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
-See xpa(n) for a list of \s-1XPA\s0 help pages