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<HTML>
<BODY>
<PRE>
<!-- Manpage converted by man2html 3.0.1 -->
</PRE>
<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2><PRE>
<B>graph</B> <I>pathName</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
</PRE>
<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2><PRE>
The <B>graph</B> command creates a graph for plotting two-dimensional data
(X-Y coordinates). It has many configurable components: coordinate
axes, elements, legend, grid lines, cross hairs, etc. They allow you
to customize the look and feel of the graph.
</PRE>
<H2>INTRODUCTION</H2><PRE>
The <B>graph</B> command creates a new window for plotting two-dimensional
data (X-Y coordinates). Data points are plotted in a rectangular area
displayed in the center of the new window. This is the <I>plotting</I> <I>area</I>.
The coordinate axes are drawn in the margins around the plotting area.
By default, the legend is displayed in the right margin. The title is
displayed in top margin.
The <B>graph</B> widget is composed of several components: coordinate axes,
data elements, legend, grid, cross hairs, pens, postscript, and annota-
tion markers.
axis The graph has four standard axes (x, x2, y, and y2), but you
can create and display any number of axes. Axes control what
region of data is displayed and how the data is scaled. Each
axis consists of the axis line, title, major and minor ticks,
and tick labels. Tick labels display the value at each major
tick.
crosshairs
Cross hairs are used to position the mouse pointer relative
to the X and Y coordinate axes. Two perpendicular lines,
intersecting at the current location of the mouse, extend
across the plotting area to the coordinate axes.
element An element represents a set of data points. Elements can be
plotted with a symbol at each data point and lines connecting
the points. The appearance of the element, such as its sym-
bol, line width, and color is configurable.
grid Extends the major and minor ticks of the X-axis and/or Y-axis
across the plotting area.
legend The legend displays the name and symbol of each data element.
The legend can be drawn in any margin or in the plotting
area.
marker Markers are used annotate or highlight areas of the graph.
For example, you could use a polygon marker to fill an area
under a curve, or a text marker to label a particular data
point. Markers come in various forms: text strings, bitmaps,
connected line segments, images, polygons, or embedded wid-
gets.
<B>graph</B> <I>pathName</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?... The <B>graph</B> command creates a new win-
dow <I>pathName</I> and makes it into a <B>graph</B> widget. At the time this com-
mand is invoked, there must not exist a window named <I>pathName</I>, but
<I>pathName</I>'s parent must exist. Additional options may be specified on
the command line or in the option database to configure aspects of the
graph such as its colors and font. See the <B>configure</B> operation below
for the exact details about what <I>option</I> and <I>value</I> pairs are valid.
If successful, <B>graph</B> returns the path name of the widget. It also cre-
ates a new Tcl command by the same name. You can use this command to
invoke various operations that query or modify the graph. The general
form is: <I>pathName</I> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?... Both <I>operation</I> and its arguments
determine the exact behavior of the command. The operations available
for the graph are described in the <B>GRAPH</B> <B>OPERATIONS</B> section.
The command can also be used to access components of the graph. <I>path-</I>
<I>Name</I> <I>component</I> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?... The operation, now located after the
name of the component, is the function to be performed on that compo-
nent. Each component has its own set of operations that manipulate that
component. They will be described below in their own sections.
</PRE>
<H2>EXAMPLE</H2><PRE>
The <B>graph</B> command creates a new graph. # Create a new graph. Plotting
area is black. graph .g -plotbackground black A new Tcl command .g is
also created. This command can be used to query and modify the graph.
For example, to change the title of the graph to "My Plot", you use the
new command and the graph's <B>configure</B> operation. # Change the title.
.g configure -title "My Plot" A graph has several components. To access
a particular component you use the component's name. For example, to
add data elements, you use the new command and the <B>element</B> component.
# Create a new element named "line1" .g element create line1 \
-xdata { 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 } \ -ydata {
26.18 50.46 72.85 93.31 111.86 128.47 143.14 155.85 166.60
175.38 } The element's X-Y coordinates are specified using lists of
numbers. Alternately, BLT vectors could be used to hold the X-Y coor-
dinates. # Create two vectors and add them to the graph. vector xVec
yVec xVec set { 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 } yVec set {
26.18 50.46 72.85 93.31 111.86 128.47 143.14 155.85 166.60 175.38
} .g element create line1 -xdata xVec -ydata yVec The advantage of
using vectors is that when you modify one, the graph is automatically
redrawn to reflect the new values. # Change the y coordinate of the
first point. set <B>yVector(0)</B> 25.18 An element named e1 is now created
in .b. It is automatically added to the display list of elements. You
can use this list to control in what order elements are displayed. To
query or reset the element display list, you use the element's <B>show</B>
operation. # Get the current display list set elemList [.b element
show] # Remove the first element so it won't be displayed. .b element
show [lrange $elemList 0 end] The element will be displayed by as many
bars as there are data points (in this case there are ten). The bars
will be drawn centered at the x-coordinate of the data point. All the
bars will have the same attributes (colors, stipple, etc). The width
of each bar is by default one unit. You can change this with using the
example, you change the scale of the Y-axis from linear to log using
the <B>axis</B> component. # Y-axis is log scale. .g axis configure y
-logscale yes One important way axes are used is to zoom in on a par-
ticular data region. Zooming is done by simply specifying new axis
limits using the <B>-min</B> and <B>-max</B> configuration options. .g axis config-
ure x -min 1.0 -max 1.5 .g axis configure y -min 12.0 -max 55.15 To
zoom interactively, you link the <B>axis</B> <B>configure</B> operations with some
user interaction (such as pressing the mouse button), using the <B>bind</B>
command. To convert between screen and graph coordinates, use the
<B>invtransform</B> operation. # Click the button to set a new minimum bind
.g <ButtonPress-1> {
%W axis configure x -min [%W axis invtransform x %x]
%W axis configure x -min [%W axis invtransform x %y] } By default,
the limits of the axis are determined from data values. To reset back
to the default limits, set the <B>-min</B> and <B>-max</B> options to the empty
value. # Reset the axes to autoscale again. .g axis configure x -min
{} -max {} .g axis configure y -min {} -max {} By default, the legend
is drawn in the right margin. You can change this or any legend con-
figuration options using the <B>legend</B> component. # Configure the legend
font, color, and relief .g legend configure -position left -relief
raised \ -font fixed -fg blue To prevent the legend from being
displayed, turn on the <B>-hide</B> option. # Don't display the legend. .g
legend configure -hide yes The <B>graph</B> widget has simple drawing proce-
dures called markers. They can be used to highlight or annotate data
in the graph. The types of markers available are bitmaps, images, poly-
gons, lines, or windows. Markers can be used, for example, to mark or
brush points. In this example, is a text marker that labels the data
first point. Markers are created using the <B>marker</B> component. # Create
a label for the first data point of "line1". .g marker create text
-name first_marker -coords { 0.2 26.18 } \ -text "start" -anchor
se -xoffset -10 -yoffset -10 This creates a text marker named
first_marker. It will display the text "start" near the coordinates of
the first data point. The <B>-anchor</B>, <B>-xoffset</B>, and <B>-yoffset</B> options are
used to display the marker above and to the left of the data point, so
that the data point isn't covered by the marker. By default, markers
are drawn last, on top of data. You can change this with the <B>-under</B>
option. # Draw the label before elements are drawn. .g marker config-
ure first_marker -under yes You can add cross hairs or grid lines using
the <B>crosshairs</B> and <B>grid</B> components. # Display both cross hairs and
grid lines. .g crosshairs configure -hide no -color red .g grid con-
figure -hide no -dashes { 2 2 } # Set up a binding to reposition the
crosshairs. bind .g <Motion> {
.g crosshairs configure -position @%x,%y } The crosshairs are repo-
sitioned as the mouse pointer is moved in the graph. The pointer X-Y
coordinates define the center of the crosshairs.
Finally, to get hardcopy of the graph, use the <B>postscript</B> component. #
Print the graph into file "file.ps" .g postscript output file.ps -max-
pect yes -decorations no This generates a file file.ps containing the
encapsulated PostScript of the graph. The option <B>-maxpect</B> says to
scale the plot to the size of the page. Turning off the <B>-decorations</B>
option denotes that no borders or color backgrounds should be drawn
<I>option</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any option described below for the <B>con-</B>
<B>figure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>configure</B> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Queries or modifies the configuration options of the graph. If
<I>option</I> isn't specified, a list describing the current options
for <I>pathName</I> is returned. If <I>option</I> is specified, but not
<I>value</I>, then a list describing <I>option</I> is returned. If one or
more <I>option</I> and <I>value</I> pairs are specified, then for each pair,
the option <I>option</I> is set to <I>value</I>. The following options are
valid.
<B>-aspect</B> <I>width/height</I>
Force a fixed aspect ratio of <I>width/height</I>, a floating
point number.
<B>-background</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the background color. This includes the margins and
legend, but not the plotting area.
<B>-borderwidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the 3-D border around the outside edge
of the widget. The <B>-relief</B> option determines if the bor-
der is to be drawn. The default is 2.
<B>-bottommargin</B> <I>pixels</I>
If non-zero, overrides the computed size of the margin
extending below the X-coordinate axis. If <I>pixels</I> is 0,
the automatically computed size is used. The default is
0.
<B>-bufferelements</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether an internal pixmap to buffer the dis-
play of data elements should be used. If <I>boolean</I> is
true, data elements are drawn to an internal pixmap.
This option is especially useful when the graph is
redrawn frequently while the remains data unchanged (for
example, moving a marker across the plot). See the <B>SPEED</B>
<B>TIPS</B> section. The default is 1.
<B>-cursor</B> <I>cursor</I>
Specifies the widget's cursor. The default cursor is
crosshair.
<B>-font</B> <I>fontName</I>
Specifies the font of the graph title. The default is
*-Helvetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-18-180-*.
<B>-halo</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies a maximum distance to consider when searching
for the closest data point (see the element's <B>closest</B>
operation below). Data points further than <I>pixels</I> away
text. <I>Justify</I> must be left, right, or center. The
default is center.
<B>-leftmargin</B> <I>pixels</I>
If non-zero, overrides the computed size of the margin
extending from the left edge of the window to the Y-coor-
dinate axis. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, the automatically computed
size is used. The default is 0.
<B>-plotbackground</B> <I>color</I>
Specifies the background color of the plotting area. The
default is white.
<B>-plotborderwidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the 3-D border around the plotting
area. The <B>-plotrelief</B> option determines if a border is
drawn. The default is 2.
<B>-plotpadx</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the amount of padding to be added to the left and
right sides of the plotting area. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of
one or two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements,
the left side of the plotting area entry is padded by the
first distance and the right side by the second. If <I>pad</I>
is just one distance, both the left and right sides are
padded evenly. The default is 8.
<B>-plotpady</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the amount of padding to be added to the top and
bottom of the plotting area. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of one or
two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements, the top
of the plotting area is padded by the first distance and
the bottom by the second. If <I>pad</I> is just one distance,
both the top and bottom are padded evenly. The default
is 8.
<B>-plotrelief</B> <I>relief</I>
Specifies the 3-D effect for the plotting area. <I>Relief</I>
specifies how the interior of the plotting area should
appear relative to rest of the graph; for example, raised
means the plot should appear to protrude from the graph,
relative to the surface of the graph. The default is
sunken.
<B>-relief</B> <I>relief</I>
Specifies the 3-D effect for the graph widget. <I>Relief</I>
specifies how the graph should appear relative to widget
it is packed into; for example, raised means the graph
should appear to protrude. The default is flat.
<B>-rightmargin</B> <I>pixels</I>
If non-zero, overrides the computed size of the margin
<B>-tile</B> <I>image</I>
Specifies a tiled background for the widget. If <I>image</I>
isn't "", the background is tiled using <I>image</I>. Other-
wise, the normal background color is drawn (see the
<B>-background</B> option). <I>Image</I> must be an image created
using the Tk <B>image</B> command. The default is "".
<B>-title</B> <I>text</I>
Sets the title to <I>text</I>. If <I>text</I> is "", no title will be
displayed.
<B>-topmargin</B> <I>pixels</I>
If non-zero, overrides the computed size of the margin
above the x2 axis. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, the automatically
computed size is used. The default is 0.
<B>-width</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies the requested width of the widget. The default
is 5i.
<I>pathName</I> <B>crosshairs</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?
See the <B>CROSSHAIRS</B> <B>COMPONENT</B> section.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
See the <B>ELEMENT</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B> section.
<I>pathName</I> <B>extents</B> <I>item</I>
Returns the size of a particular item in the graph. <I>Item</I> must
be either leftmargin, rightmargin, topmargin, bottommargin,
plotwidth, or plotheight.
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
See the <B>GRID</B> <B>COMPONENT</B> section.
<I>pathName</I> <B>invtransform</B> <I>winX</I> <I>winY</I>
Performs an inverse coordinate transformation, mapping window
coordinates back to graph coordinates, using the standard X-axis
and Y-axis. Returns a list of containing the X-Y graph coordi-
nates.
<I>pathName</I> <B>inside</B> <I>x</I> <I>y</I>
Returns 1 is the designated screen coordinate (<I>x</I> and <I>y</I>) is
inside the plotting area and 0 otherwise.
<I>pathName</I> <B>legend</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
See the <B>LEGEND</B> <B>COMPONENT</B> section.
<I>pathName</I> <B>line</B> <B>operation</B> <B>arg</B>...
The operation is the same as <B>element</B>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
photo Saves a Tk photo image. <I>OutputName</I> represents
the name of a Tk photo image that must already
have been created.
wmf Saves an Aldus Placeable Metafile. <I>OutputName</I>
represents the filename where the metafile is
written. If <I>outputName</I> is CLIPBOARD, then out-
put is written directly to the Windows clip-
board. This format is available only under
Microsoft Windows.
emf Saves an Enhanced Metafile. <I>OutputName</I> repre-
sents the filename where the metafile is writ-
ten. If <I>outputName</I> is CLIPBOARD, then output
is written directly to the Windows clipboard.
This format is available only under Microsoft
Windows.
<B>-height</B> <I>size</I>
Specifies the height of the graph. <I>Size</I> is a screen
distance. The graph will be redrawn using this dimen-
sion, rather than its current window height.
<B>-width</B> <I>size</I>
Specifies the width of the graph. <I>Size</I> is a screen
distance. The graph will be redrawn using this dimen-
sion, rather than its current window width.
<I>pathName</I> <B>transform</B> <I>x</I> <I>y</I>
Performs a coordinate transformation, mapping graph coordinates
to window coordinates, using the standard X-axis and Y-axis.
Returns a list containing the X-Y screen coordinates.
<I>pathName</I> <B>xaxis</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
<I>pathName</I> <B>x2axis</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
<I>pathName</I> <B>yaxis</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
<I>pathName</I> <B>y2axis</B> <I>operation</I> ?<I>arg</I>?...
See the <B>AXIS</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B> section.
</PRE>
<H2>GRAPH COMPONENTS</H2><PRE>
A graph is composed of several components: coordinate axes, data ele-
ments, legend, grid, cross hairs, postscript, and annotation markers.
Instead of one big set of configuration options and operations, the
graph is partitioned, where each component has its own configuration
options and operations that specifically control that aspect or part of
the graph.
<B>AXIS</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B>
Four coordinate axes are automatically created: two X-coordinate axes
You can have several axes. To create an axis, invoke the axis component
and its create operation. # Create a new axis called "tempAxis" .g
axis create tempAxis You map data elements to an axis using the ele-
ment's -mapy and -mapx configuration options. They specify the coordi-
nate axes an element is mapped onto. # Now map the tempAxis data to
this axis. .g element create "e1" -xdata $x -ydata $y -mapy tempAxis
Any number of axes can be displayed simultaneously. They are drawn in
the margins surrounding the plotting area. The default axes x and y
are drawn in the bottom and left margins. The axes x2 and y2 are drawn
in top and right margins. By default, only x and y are shown. Note
that the axes can have different scales.
To display a different axis or more than one axis, you invoke one of
the following components: <B>xaxis</B>, <B>yaxis</B>, <B>x2axis</B>, and <B>y2axis</B>. Each com-
ponent has a <B>use</B> operation that designates the axis (or axes) to be
drawn in that corresponding margin: <B>xaxis</B> in the bottom, <B>yaxis</B> in the
left, <B>x2axis</B> in the top, and <B>y2axis</B> in the right. # Display the axis
tempAxis in the left margin. .g yaxis use tempAxis The <B>use</B> operation
takes a list of axis names as its last argument. This is the list of
axes to be drawn in this margin.
You can configure axes in many ways. The axis scale can be linear or
logarithmic. The values along the axis can either monotonically
increase or decrease. If you need custom tick labels, you can specify
a Tcl procedure to format the label any way you wish. You can control
how ticks are drawn, by changing the major tick interval or the number
of minor ticks. You can define non-uniform tick intervals, such as for
time-series plots.
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>bind</B> <I>tagName</I> ?<I>sequence</I>? ?<I>command</I>?
Associates <I>command</I> with <I>tagName</I> such that whenever the event
sequence given by <I>sequence</I> occurs for an axis with this tag,
<I>command</I> will be invoked. The syntax is similar to the <B>bind</B> com-
mand except that it operates on graph axes, rather than widgets.
See the <B>bind</B> manual entry for complete details on <I>sequence</I> and
the substitutions performed on <I>command</I> before invoking it.
If all arguments are specified then a new binding is created,
replacing any existing binding for the same <I>sequence</I> and <I>tag-</I>
<I>Name</I>. If the first character of <I>command</I> is + then <I>command</I> aug-
ments an existing binding rather than replacing it. If no <I>com-</I>
<I>mand</I> argument is provided then the command currently associated
with <I>tagName</I> and <I>sequence</I> (it's an error occurs if there's no
such binding) is returned. If both <I>command</I> and <I>sequence</I> are
missing then a list of all the event sequences for which bind-
ings have been defined for <I>tagName</I>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>cget</B> <I>axisName</I> <I>option</I>
Returns the current value of the option given by <I>option</I> for
<I>axisName</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any option described below for the axis
<B>configure</B> operation.
the list matching the current event sequence will have
its Tcl command executed. Implicitly the name of the
element is always the first tag in the list. The default
value is all.
<B>-color</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the axis and tick labels. The default
is black.
<B>-descending</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the values along the axis are monotoni-
cally increasing or decreasing. If <I>boolean</I> is true, the
axis values will be decreasing. The default is 0.
<B>-hide</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates if the axis is displayed. If <I>boolean</I> is false
the axis will be displayed. Any element mapped to the
axis is displayed regardless. The default value is 0.
<B>-justify</B> <I>justify</I>
Specifies how the axis title should be justified. This
matters only when the axis title contains more than one
line of text. <I>Justify</I> must be left, right, or center.
The default is center.
<B>-limits</B> <I>formatStr</I>
Specifies a printf-like description to format the minimum
and maximum limits of the axis. The limits are displayed
at the top/bottom or left/right sides of the plotting
area. <I>FormatStr</I> is a list of one or two format descrip-
tions. If one description is supplied, both the minimum
and maximum limits are formatted in the same way. If
two, the first designates the format for the minimum
limit, the second for the maximum. If "" is given as
either description, then the that limit will not be dis-
loosely, at the outer tick intervals. If the axis limit
is set with the -min or -max option, the axes are dis-
played tightly. If <I>boolean</I> is true, the axis range is
"loose". The default is 0.
<B>-majorticks</B> <I>majorList</I>
Specifies where to display major axis ticks. You can use
this option to display ticks at non-uniform intervals.
<I>MajorList</I> is a list of axis coordinates designating the
location of major ticks. No minor ticks are drawn. If
<I>majorList</I> is "", major ticks will be automatically com-
puted. The default is "".
<B>-max</B> <I>value</I>
Sets the maximum limit of <I>axisName</I>. Any data point
greater than <I>value</I> is not displayed. If <I>value</I> is "", the
maximum limit is calculated using the largest data value.
The default is "".
<B>-min</B> <I>value</I>
Sets the minimum limit of <I>axisName</I>. Any data point less
than <I>value</I> is not displayed. If <I>value</I> is "", the minimum
limit is calculated using the smallest data value. The
default is "".
<B>-minorticks</B> <I>minorList</I>
Specifies where to display minor axis ticks. You can use
this option to display minor ticks at non-uniform inter-
vals. <I>MinorList</I> is a list of real values, ranging from
0.0 to 1.0, designating the placement of a minor tick.
No minor ticks are drawn if the <B>-majortick</B> option is also
set. If <I>minorList</I> is "", minor ticks will be automati-
cally computed. The default is "".
<B>-rotate</B> <I>theta</I>
Specifies the how many degrees to rotate the axis tick
labels. <I>Theta</I> is a real value representing the number of
degrees to rotate the tick labels. The default is 0.0
degrees.
<B>-scrollcommand</B> <I>command</I>
Specify the prefix for a command used to communicate with
scrollbars for this axis, such as <I>.sbar</I> <I>set</I>.
<B>-scrollmax</B> <I>value</I>
Sets the maximum limit of the axis scroll region. If
<I>value</I> is "", the maximum limit is calculated using the
largest data value. The default is "".
<B>-scrollmin</B> <I>value</I>
Sets the minimum limit of axis scroll region. If <I>value</I>
is "", the minimum limit is calculated using the smallest
Indicates how many minor axis ticks are to be drawn. For
example, if <I>number</I> is two, only one minor tick is drawn.
If <I>number</I> is one, no minor ticks are displayed. The
default is 2.
<B>-tickfont</B> <I>fontName</I>
Specifies the font for axis tick labels. The default is
*-Courier-Bold-R-Normal-*-100-*.
<B>-tickformat</B> <I>formatStr</I>
Specifies a printf-like description to format teh axis
tick labels. You can get the standard tick labels again by
setting <I>formatStr</I> to "". The default is "".
<B>-tickformatcommand</B>, <B>-command</B> <I>prefix</I>
Specifies a Tcl command to be invoked when formatting the
axis tick labels. <I>Prefix</I> is a string containing the name
of a Tcl proc and any extra arguments for the procedure.
This command is invoked for each major tick on the axis.
Two additional arguments are passed to the procedure: the
pathname of the widget and the current the numeric value
of the tick. The procedure returns the formatted tick
label. If "" is returned, no label will appear next to
the tick. You can get the standard tick labels again by
setting <I>prefix</I> to "". The default is "".
The numeric value for the tick might change when using the
<B>-logscale</B> and <B>-tickformat</B> options.
Please note that this procedure is invoked while the
graph is redrawn. You may query configuration options.
But do not them, because this can have unexpected
results.
<B>-ticklength</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the length of major and minor ticks (minor ticks are
half the length of major ticks). If <I>pixels</I> is less than
zero, the axis will be inverted with ticks drawn pointing
towards the plot. The default is 0.1i.
<B>-title</B> <I>text</I>
Sets the title of the axis. If <I>text</I> is "", no axis title
will be displayed.
<B>-titlealternate</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates to display the axis title in its alternate
location. Normally the axis title is centered along the
axis. This option places the axis either to the right
(horizontal axes) or above (vertical axes) the axis. The
default is 0.
<B>-titlecolor</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the axis title. The default is black.
<B>-titlefont</B> <I>fontName</I>
Specifies the font for axis title. The default is *-Hel-
vetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-14-140-*.
Axis configuration options may be also be set by the <B>option</B> com-
mand. The resource class is Axis. The resource names are the
names of the axes (such as x or x2). option add
*Graph.Axis.Color blue option add *Graph.x.LogScale true
option add *Graph.x2.LogScale false
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>create</B> <I>axisName</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Creates a new axis by the name <I>axisName</I>. No axis by the same
name can already exist. <I>Option</I> and <I>value</I> are described in above
in the axis <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>delete</B> ?<I>axisName</I>?...
Deletes the named axes. An axis is not really deleted until it
is not longer in use, so it's safe to delete axes mapped to ele-
ments.
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>invtransform</B> <I>axisName</I> <I>value</I>
Performs the inverse transformation, changing the screen coordi-
nate <I>value</I> to a graph coordinate, mapping the value mapped to
<I>pathName</I> <B>axis</B> <B>view</B> <I>axisName</I>
Change the viewable area of this axis. Use as an argument to a
scrollbar's "<I>-command</I>".
The default axes are x, y, x2, and y2. But you can display more than
four axes simultaneously. You can also swap in a different axis with
<B>use</B> operation of the special axis components: <B>xaxis</B>, <B>x2axis</B>, <B>yaxis</B>, and
<B>y2axis</B>. .g create axis temp .g create axis time ... .g xaxis use temp
.g yaxis use time Only the axes specified for use are displayed on the
screen.
The <B>xaxis</B>, <B>x2axis</B>, <B>yaxis</B>, and <B>y2axis</B> components operate on an axis
location rather than a specific axis like the more general <B>axis</B> compo-
nent does. They implicitly control the axis that is currently using to
that location. By default, <B>xaxis</B> uses the x axis, <B>yaxis</B> uses y, <B>x2axis</B>
uses x2, and <B>y2axis</B> uses y2. When more than one axis is displayed in a
margin, it represents the first axis displayed.
The following operations are available for axes. They mirror exactly
the operations of the <B>axis</B> component. The <I>axis</I> argument must be <B>xaxis</B>,
<B>x2axis</B>, <B>yaxis</B>, or <B>y2axis</B>. This feature is deprecated since more than
one axis can now be used a margin. You should only use the <B>xaxis</B>,
<B>x2axis</B>, <B>yaxis</B>, and <B>y2axis</B> components with the <B>use</B> operation. For all
other operations, use the general <B>axis</B> component instead.
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>cget</B> <I>option</I>
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>configure</B> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>invtransform</B> <I>value</I>
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>limits</B>
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>transform</B> <I>value</I>
<I>pathName</I> <I>axis</I> <B>use</B> ?<I>axisName</I>?
Designates the axis <I>axisName</I> is to be displayed at this loca-
tion. <I>AxisName</I> can not be already in use at another location.
This command returns the name of the axis currently using this
location.
<B>CROSSHAIRS</B> <B>COMPONENT</B>
Cross hairs consist of two intersecting lines (one vertical and one
horizontal) drawn completely across the plotting area. They are used
to position the mouse in relation to the coordinate axes. Cross hairs
differ from line markers in that they are implemented using XOR drawing
primitives. This means that they can be quickly drawn and erased with-
out redrawing the entire graph.
The following operations are available for cross hairs:
<B>-color</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the cross hairs. The default is black.
<B>-dashes</B> <I>dashList</I>
Sets the dash style of the cross hairs. <I>DashList</I> is a
list of up to 11 numbers that alternately represent the
lengths of the dashes and gaps on the cross hair lines.
Each number must be between 1 and 255. If <I>dashList</I> is
"", the cross hairs will be solid lines.
<B>-hide</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether cross hairs are drawn. If <I>boolean</I> is
true, cross hairs are not drawn. The default is yes.
<B>-linewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Set the width of the cross hair lines. The default is 1.
<B>-position</B> <I>pos</I>
Specifies the screen position where the cross hairs
intersect. <I>Pos</I> must be in the form "<I>@x,y</I>", where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I>
are the window coordinates of the intersection.
Cross hairs configuration options may be also be set by the
<B>option</B> command. The resource name and class are crosshairs and
Crosshairs respectively. option add *Graph.Crosshairs.LineWidth
2 option add *Graph.Crosshairs.Color red
<I>pathName</I> <B>crosshairs</B> <B>off</B>
Turns off the cross hairs.
<I>pathName</I> <B>crosshairs</B> <B>on</B>
Turns on the display of the cross hairs.
<I>pathName</I> <B>crosshairs</B> <B>toggle</B>
Toggles the current state of the cross hairs, alternately map-
ping and unmapping the cross hairs.
<B>ELEMENT</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B>
A data element represents a set of data. It contains x and y vectors
containing the coordinates of the data points. Elements can be dis-
played with a symbol at each data point and lines connecting the
points. Elements also control the appearance of the data, such as the
symbol type, line width, color etc.
When new data elements are created, they are automatically added to a
list of displayed elements. The display list controls what elements
are drawn and in what order.
The following operations are available for elements.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>activate</B> <I>elemName</I> ?<I>index</I>?...
Specifies the data points of element <I>elemName</I> to be drawn using
replacing any existing binding for the same <I>sequence</I> and <I>tag-</I>
<I>Name</I>. If the first character of <I>command</I> is + then <I>command</I> aug-
ments an existing binding rather than replacing it. If no <I>com-</I>
<I>mand</I> argument is provided then the command currently associated
with <I>tagName</I> and <I>sequence</I> (it's an error occurs if there's no
such binding) is returned. If both <I>command</I> and <I>sequence</I> are
missing then a list of all the event sequences for which bind-
ings have been defined for <I>tagName</I>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>cget</B> <I>elemName</I> <I>option</I>
Returns the current value of the element configuration option
given by <I>option</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any of the options described
below for the element <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>closest</B> <I>x</I> <I>y</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?... ?<I>elemName</I>?...
Searches for the data point closest to the window coordinates <I>x</I>
and <I>y</I>. By default, all elements are searched. Hidden elements
(see the <B>-hide</B> option is false) are ignored. You can limit the
search by specifying only the elements you want to be consid-
ered. <I>ElemName</I> must be the name of an element that can not be
hidden. It returns a key-value list containing the name of the
closest element, the index of the closest data point, and the
graph-coordinates of the point. Returns "", if no data point
within the threshold distance can be found. The following
<I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs are available.
<B>-along</B> <I>direction</I>
Search for the closest element using the following crite-
ria:
x Find closest element vertically from the given X-
coordinate.
y Find the closest element horizontally from the
given Y-coordinate.
both Find the closest element for the given point
(using both the X and Y coordinates).
<B>-halo</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies a threshold distance where selected data points
are ignored. <I>Pixels</I> is a valid screen distance, such as
2 or 1.2i. If this option isn't specified, then it
defaults to the value of the graph's <B>-halo</B> option.
<B>-interpolate</B> <I>string</I>
Indicates whether to consider projections that lie along
the line segments connecting data points when searching
for the closest point. The default value is 0. The val-
ues for <I>string</I> are described below.
no Search only for the closest data point.
<B>-activepen</B> <I>penName</I>
Specifies pen to use to draw active element. If <I>penName</I>
is "", no active elements will be drawn. The default is
activeLine.
<B>-areabackground</B> <I>color</I>
Specifies the background color of the area under the
curve. The background area color is drawn only for bit-
maps (see the <B>-areapattern</B> option). If <I>color</I> is "", the
background is transparent. The default is black.
<B>-areaforeground</B> <I>color</I>
Specifies the foreground color of the area under the
curve. The default is black.
<B>-areapattern</B> <I>pattern</I>
Specifies how to fill the area under the curve. <I>Pattern</I>
may be the name of a Tk bitmap, solid, or "". If
"solid", then the area under the curve is drawn with the
color designated by the <B>-areaforeground</B> option. If a
bitmap, then the bitmap is stippled across the area.
Here the bitmap colors are controlled by the <B>-areafore-</B>
<B>ground</B> and <B>-areabackground</B> options. If <I>pattern</I> is "", no
filled area is drawn. The default is "".
<B>-areatile</B> <I>image</I>
Specifies the name of a Tk image to be used to tile the
area under the curve. This option supersedes the <B>-areap-</B>
<B>attern</B> option. <I>Image</I> must be a photo image. If <I>image</I> is
"", no tiling is performed. The default is "".
<B>-bindtags</B> <I>tagList</I>
Specifies the binding tags for the element. <I>TagList</I> is a
list of binding tag names. The tags and their order will
determine how events are handled for elements. Each tag
in the list matching the current event sequence will have
its Tcl command executed. Implicitly the name of the
element is always the first tag in the list. The default
value is all.
<B>-color</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the traces connecting the data points.
<B>-dashes</B> <I>dashList</I>
Sets the dash style of element line. <I>DashList</I> is a list
of up to 11 numbers that alternately represent the
lengths of the dashes and gaps on the element line. Each
number must be between 1 and 255. If <I>dashList</I> is "", the
lines will be solid.
<B>-data</B> <I>coordList</I>
Specifies the X-Y coordinates of the data. <I>CoordList</I> is
Sets the element's label in the legend. If <I>text</I> is "",
the element will have no entry in the legend. The
default label is the element's name.
<B>-linewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the connecting lines between data
points. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, no connecting lines will be
drawn between symbols. The default is 0.
<B>-mapx</B> <I>xAxis</I>
Selects the X-axis to map the element's X-coordinates
onto. <I>XAxis</I> must be the name of an axis. The default is
x.
<B>-mapy</B> <I>yAxis</I>
Selects the Y-axis to map the element's Y-coordinates
onto. <I>YAxis</I> must be the name of an axis. The default is
y.
<B>-offdash</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the stripes when traces are dashed (see
the <B>-dashes</B> option). If <I>color</I> is "", then the "off" pix-
els will represent gaps instead of stripes. If <I>color</I> is
defcolor, then the color will be the same as the <B>-color</B>
option. The default is defcolor.
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color or the outline around each symbol. If
<I>color</I> is "", then no outline is drawn. If <I>color</I> is def-
color, then the color will be the same as the <B>-color</B>
option. The default is defcolor.
<B>-pen</B> <I>penname</I>
Set the pen to use for this element.
<B>-outlinewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the outline bordering each symbol. If
<I>pixels</I> is 0, no outline will be drawn. The default is 1.
<B>-pixels</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the size of symbols. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, no symbols
will be drawn. The default is 0.125i.
<B>-scalesymbols</B> <I>boolean</I>
If <I>boolean</I> is true, the size of the symbols drawn for
<I>elemName</I> will change with scale of the X-axis and Y-axis.
At the time this option is set, the current ranges of the
axes are saved as the normalized scales (i.e scale factor
is 1.0) and the element is drawn at its designated size
(see the <B>-pixels</B> option). As the scale of the axes
change, the symbol will be scaled according to the
smaller of the X-axis and Y-axis scales. If <I>boolean</I> is
dratic spline is used. The default is <I>linear</I>.
<B>-styles</B> <I>styleList</I>
Specifies what pen to use based on the range of weights
given. <I>StyleList</I> is a list of style specifications. Each
style specification, in turn, is a list consisting of a
pen name, and optionally a minimum and maximum range.
Data points whose weight (see the <B>-weight</B> option) falls
in this range, are drawn with this pen. If no range is
specified it defaults to the index of the pen in the
list. Note that this affects only symbol attributes.
Line attributes, such as line width, dashes, etc. are
ignored.
<B>-symbol</B> <I>symbol</I>
Specifies the symbol for data points. <I>Symbol</I> can be
either square, circle, diamond, plus, cross, splus,
scross, triangle, "" (where no symbol is drawn), or a
bitmap. Bitmaps are specified as "<I>source</I> ?<I>mask</I>?", where
<I>source</I> is the name of the bitmap, and <I>mask</I> is the bit-
map's optional mask. The default is circle.
<B>-trace</B> <I>direction</I>
Indicates whether connecting lines between data points
(whose X-coordinate values are either increasing or
decreasing) are drawn. <I>Direction</I> must be increasing,
decreasing, or both. For example, if <I>direction</I> is
increasing, connecting lines will be drawn only between
those data points where X-coordinate values are monotoni-
cally increasing. If <I>direction</I> is both, connecting lines
will be draw between all data points. The default is
both.
<B>-weights</B> <I>wVec</I>
Specifies the weights of the individual data points.
This, with the list pen styles (see the <B>-styles</B> option),
controls how data points are drawn. <I>WVec</I> is the name of
a BLT vector or a list of numeric expressions represent-
ing the weights for each data point.
<B>-xdata</B> <I>xVec</I>
Specifies the X-coordinates of the data. <I>XVec</I> is the
name of a BLT vector or a list of numeric expressions.
<B>-ydata</B> <I>yVec</I>
Specifies the Y-coordinates of the data. <I>YVec</I> is the
name of a BLT vector or a list of numeric expressions.
Element configuration options may also be set by the <B>option</B> com-
mand. The resource class is Element. The resource name is the
name of the element. option add *Graph.Element.symbol line
option add *Graph.e1.symbol line
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>exists</B> <I>elemName</I>
Returns 1 if an element <I>elemName</I> currently exists and 0 other-
wise.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>names</B> ?<I>pattern</I>?...
Returns the elements matching one or more pattern. If no <I>pat-</I>
<I>tern</I> is given, the names of all elements is returned.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>show</B> ?<I>nameList</I>?
Queries or modifies the element display list. The element dis-
play list designates the elements drawn and in what order.
<I>NameList</I> is a list of elements to be displayed in the order they
are named. If there is no <I>nameList</I> argument, the current dis-
play list is returned.
<I>pathName</I> <B>element</B> <B>type</B> <I>elemName</I>
Returns the type of <I>elemName</I>. If the element is a bar element,
the commands returns the string "bar", otherwise it returns
"line".
<B>GRID</B> <B>COMPONENT</B>
Grid lines extend from the major and minor ticks of each axis horizon-
tally or vertically across the plotting area. The following operations
are available for grid lines.
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <B>cget</B> <I>option</I>
Returns the current value of the grid line configuration option
given by <I>option</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any option described below for
the grid <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <B>configure</B> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Queries or modifies the configuration options for grid lines.
If <I>option</I> isn't specified, a list describing all the current
grid options for <I>pathName</I> is returned. If <I>option</I> is specified,
but not <I>value</I>, then a list describing <I>option</I> is returned. If
one or more <I>option</I> and <I>value</I> pairs are specified, then for each
pair, the grid line option <I>option</I> is set to <I>value</I>. The follow-
ing options are valid for grid lines.
<B>-color</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the grid lines. The default is black.
<B>-dashes</B> <I>dashList</I>
Sets the dash style of the grid lines. <I>DashList</I> is a list
of up to 11 numbers that alternately represent the
lengths of the dashes and gaps on the grid lines. Each
number must be between 1 and 255. If <I>dashList</I> is "", the
grid will be solid lines.
<B>-hide</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the grid should be drawn. If <I>boolean</I> is
<B>-minor</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the grid lines should be drawn for
minor ticks. If <I>boolean</I> is true, the lines will appear
at minor tick intervals. The default is 1.
Grid configuration options may also be set by the <B>option</B> com-
mand. The resource name and class are grid and Grid respec-
tively. option add *Graph.grid.LineWidth 2 option add
*Graph.Grid.Color black
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <B>off</B>
Turns off the display the grid lines.
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <B>on</B>
Turns on the display the grid lines.
<I>pathName</I> <B>grid</B> <B>toggle</B>
Toggles the display of the grid.
<B>LEGEND</B> <B>COMPONENT</B>
The legend displays a list of the data elements. Each entry consists
of the element's symbol and label. The legend can appear in any margin
(the default location is in the right margin). It can also be posi-
tioned anywhere within the plotting area.
The following operations are valid for the legend.
<I>pathName</I> <B>legend</B> <B>activate</B> <I>pattern</I>...
Selects legend entries to be drawn using the active legend col-
ors and relief. All entries whose element names match <I>pattern</I>
are selected. To be selected, the element name must match only
one <I>pattern</I>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>legend</B> <B>bind</B> <I>tagName</I> ?<I>sequence</I>? ?<I>command</I>?
Associates <I>command</I> with <I>tagName</I> such that whenever the event
sequence given by <I>sequence</I> occurs for a legend entry with this
tag, <I>command</I> will be invoked. Implicitly the element names in
the entry are tags. The syntax is similar to the <B>bind</B> command
except that it operates on legend entries, rather than widgets.
See the <B>bind</B> manual entry for complete details on <I>sequence</I> and
the substitutions performed on <I>command</I> before invoking it.
If all arguments are specified then a new binding is created,
replacing any existing binding for the same <I>sequence</I> and <I>tag-</I>
<I>Name</I>. If the first character of <I>command</I> is + then <I>command</I> aug-
ments an existing binding rather than replacing it. If no <I>com-</I>
<I>mand</I> argument is provided then the command currently associated
with <I>tagName</I> and <I>sequence</I> (it's an error occurs if there's no
such binding) is returned. If both <I>command</I> and <I>sequence</I> are
missing then a list of all the event sequences for which bind-
ings have been defined for <I>tagName</I>.
<B>-activebackground</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the background color for active legend entries. All
legend entries marked active (see the legend <B>activate</B>
operation) are drawn using this background color.
<B>-activeborderwidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the 3-D border around the outside edge
of the active legend entries. The default is 2.
<B>-activeforeground</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the foreground color for active legend entries. All
legend entries marked as active (see the legend <B>activate</B>
operation) are drawn using this foreground color.
<B>-activerelief</B> <I>relief</I>
Specifies the 3-D effect desired for active legend
entries. <I>Relief</I> denotes how the interior of the entry
should appear relative to the legend; for example, raised
means the entry should appear to protrude from the leg-
end, relative to the surface of the legend. The default
is flat.
<B>-anchor</B> <I>anchor</I>
Tells how to position the legend relative to the posi-
tioning point for the legend. This is dependent on the
value of the <B>-position</B> option. The default is center.
left or right
The anchor describes how to position the leg-
end vertically.
top or bottom
The anchor describes how to position the leg-
end horizontally.
@x,y The anchor specifies how to position the leg-
end relative to the positioning point. For
example, if <I>anchor</I> is center then the legend
is centered on the point; if <I>anchor</I> is n then
the legend will be drawn such that the top
center point of the rectangular region occu-
pied by the legend will be at the positioning
point.
plotarea The anchor specifies how to position the leg-
end relative to the plotting area. For exam-
ple, if <I>anchor</I> is center then the legend is
centered in the plotting area; if <I>anchor</I> is
ne then the legend will be drawn such that
occupies the upper right corner of the plot-
ting area.
Sets the width of the 3-D border around the outside edge
of the legend (if such border is being drawn; the <B>relief</B>
option determines this). The default is 2 pixels.
<B>-font</B> <I>fontName</I>
<I>FontName</I> specifies a font to use when drawing the labels
of each element into the legend. The default is *-Hel-
vetica-Bold-R-Normal-*-12-120-*.
<B>-foreground</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the foreground color of the text drawn for the ele-
ment's label. The default is black.
<B>-hide</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the legend should be displayed. If
<I>boolean</I> is true, the legend will not be draw. The
default is no.
<B>-ipadx</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the amount of internal padding to be added to the
width of each legend entry. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of one or
two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements, the left
side of the legend entry is padded by the first distance
and the right side by the second. If <I>pad</I> is just one
distance, both the left and right sides are padded
evenly. The default is 2.
<B>-ipady</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets an amount of internal padding to be added to the
height of each legend entry. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of one or
two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements, the top
of the entry is padded by the first distance and the bot-
tom by the second. If <I>pad</I> is just one distance, both the
top and bottom of the entry are padded evenly. The
default is 2.
<B>-padx</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the padding to the left and right exteriors of the
legend. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of one or two screen dis-
tances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements, the left side of the
legend is padded by the first distance and the right side
by the second. If <I>pad</I> has just one distance, both the
left and right sides are padded evenly. The default is
4.
<B>-pady</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the padding above and below the legend. <I>Pad</I> can be
a list of one or two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two
elements, the area above the legend is padded by the
first distance and the area below by the second. If <I>pad</I>
is just one distance, both the top and bottom areas are
padded evenly. The default is 0.
plotting area. If <I>boolean</I> is true, the legend will be
drawn on top of any elements that may overlap it. The
default is no.
<B>-relief</B> <I>relief</I>
Specifies the 3-D effect for the border around the leg-
end. <I>Relief</I> specifies how the interior of the legend
should appear relative to the graph; for example, raised
means the legend should appear to protrude from the
graph, relative to the surface of the graph. The default
is sunken.
Legend configuration options may also be set by the <B>option</B> com-
mand. The resource name and class are legend and Legend respec-
tively. option add *Graph.legend.Foreground blue option add
*Graph.Legend.Relief raised
<I>pathName</I> <B>legend</B> <B>deactivate</B> <I>pattern</I>...
Selects legend entries to be drawn using the normal legend col-
ors and relief. All entries whose element names match <I>pattern</I>
are selected. To be selected, the element name must match only
one <I>pattern</I>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>legend</B> <B>get</B> <I>pos</I>
Returns the name of the element whose entry is at the screen
position <I>pos</I> in the legend. <I>Pos</I> must be in the form "<I>@x,y</I>",
where <I>x</I> and <I>y</I> are window coordinates. If the given coordinates
do not lie over a legend entry, "" is returned.
<B>PEN</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B>
Pens define attributes (both symbol and line style) for elements. Pens
mirror the configuration options of data elements that pertain to how
symbols and lines are drawn. Data elements use pens to determine how
they are drawn. A data element may use several pens at once. In this
case, the pen used for a particular data point is determined from each
element's weight vector (see the element's <B>-weight</B> and <B>-style</B> options).
One pen, called activeLine, is automatically created. It's used as the
default active pen for elements. So you can change the active
attributes for all elements by simply reconfiguring this pen. .g pen
configure "activeLine" -color green You can create and use several
pens. To create a pen, invoke the pen component and its create opera-
tion. .g pen create myPen You map pens to a data element using either
the element's <B>-pen</B> or <B>-activepen</B> options. .g element create "line1"
-xdata $x -ydata $tempData \
-pen myPen An element can use several pens at once. This is done by
specifying the name of the pen in the element's style list (see the
<B>-styles</B> option). .g element configure "line1" -styles { myPen 2.0 3.0
} This says that any data point with a weight between 2.0 and 3.0 is to
be drawn using the pen myPen. All other points are drawn with the ele-
ment's default attributes.
specified, then for each pair, the pen option <I>option</I> is set to
<I>value</I>. The following options are valid for pens.
<B>-color</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the traces connecting the data points.
<B>-dashes</B> <I>dashList</I>
Sets the dash style of element line. <I>DashList</I> is a list
of up to 11 numbers that alternately represent the
lengths of the dashes and gaps on the element line. Each
number must be between 1 and 255. If <I>dashList</I> is "", the
lines will be solid.
<B>-fill</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the interior color of symbols. If <I>color</I> is "", then
the interior of the symbol is transparent. If <I>color</I> is
defcolor, then the color will be the same as the <B>-color</B>
option. The default is defcolor.
<B>-linewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the connecting lines between data
points. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, no connecting lines will be
drawn between symbols. The default is 0.
<B>-offdash</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the stripes when traces are dashed (see
the <B>-dashes</B> option). If <I>color</I> is "", then the "off" pix-
els will represent gaps instead of stripes. If <I>color</I> is
defcolor, then the color will be the same as the <B>-color</B>
option. The default is defcolor.
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color or the outline around each symbol. If
<I>color</I> is "", then no outline is drawn. If <I>color</I> is def-
color, then the color will be the same as the <B>-color</B>
option. The default is defcolor.
<B>-outlinewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the outline bordering each symbol. If
<I>pixels</I> is 0, no outline will be drawn. The default is 1.
<B>-pixels</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the size of symbols. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, no symbols
will be drawn. The default is 0.125i.
<B>-symbol</B> <I>symbol</I>
Specifies the symbol for data points. <I>Symbol</I> can be
either square, circle, diamond, plus, cross, splus,
scross, triangle, "" (where no symbol is drawn), or a
bitmap. Bitmaps are specified as "<I>source</I> ?<I>mask</I>?", where
<I>source</I> is the name of the bitmap, and <I>mask</I> is the bit-
map's optional mask. The default is circle.
Creates a new pen by the name <I>penName</I>. No pen by the same name
can already exist. <I>Option</I> and <I>value</I> are described in above in
the pen <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>pen</B> <B>delete</B> ?<I>penName</I>?...
Deletes the named pens. A pen is not really deleted until it is
not longer in use, so it's safe to delete pens mapped to ele-
ments.
<I>pathName</I> <B>pen</B> <B>names</B> ?<I>pattern</I>?...
Returns a list of pens matching zero or more patterns. If no
<I>pattern</I> argument is give, the names of all pens are returned.
<B>POSTSCRIPT</B> <B>COMPONENT</B>
The graph can generate encapsulated PostScript output. There are sev-
eral configuration options you can specify to control how the plot will
be generated. You can change the page dimensions and borders. The
plot itself can be scaled, centered, or rotated to landscape. The
PostScript output can be written directly to a file or returned through
the interpreter.
The following postscript operations are available.
<I>pathName</I> <B>postscript</B> <B>cget</B> <I>option</I>
Returns the current value of the postscript option given by
<I>option</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any option described below for the post-
script <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>postscript</B> <B>configure</B> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Queries or modifies the configuration options for PostScript
generation. If <I>option</I> isn't specified, a list describing the
current postscript options for <I>pathName</I> is returned. If <I>option</I>
is specified, but not <I>value</I>, then a list describing <I>option</I> is
returned. If one or more <I>option</I> and <I>value</I> pairs are specified,
then for each pair, the postscript option <I>option</I> is set to
<I>value</I>. The following postscript options are available.
<B>-center</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the plot should be centered on the
PostScript page. If <I>boolean</I> is false, the plot will be
placed in the upper left corner of the page. The default
is 1.
<B>-colormap</B> <I>varName</I>
<I>VarName</I> must be the name of a global array variable that
specifies a color mapping from the X color name to Post-
Script. Each element of <I>varName</I> must consist of Post-
Script code to set a particular color value (e.g. ``1.0
1.0 0.0 setrgbcolor''). When generating color informa-
tion in PostScript, the array variable <I>varName</I> is checked
if an element of the name as the color exists. If so, it
uses its value as the PostScript command to set the
Script. Each element of <I>varName</I> must consist of a Tcl
list with one or two elements; the name and point size of
a PostScript font. When outputting PostScript commands
for a particular font, the array variable <I>varName</I> is
checked to see if an element by the specified font
exists. If there is such an element, then the font
information contained in that element is used in the
PostScript output. (If the point size is omitted from
the list, the point size of the X font is used). Other-
wise the X font is examined in an attempt to guess what
PostScript font to use. This works only for fonts whose
foundry property is <I>Adobe</I> (such as Times, Helvetica,
Courier, etc.). If all of this fails then the font
defaults to Helvetica-Bold.
<B>-decorations</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether PostScript commands to generate color
backgrounds and 3-D borders will be output. If <I>boolean</I>
is false, the background will be white and no 3-D borders
will be generated. The default is 1.
<B>-height</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the height of the plot. This lets you print the
graph with a height different from the one drawn on the
screen. If <I>pixels</I> is 0, the height is the same as the
widget's height. The default is 0.
<B>-landscape</B> <I>boolean</I>
If <I>boolean</I> is true, this specifies the printed area is to
be rotated 90 degrees. In non-rotated output the X-axis
of the printed area runs along the short dimension of the
page (``portrait'' orientation); in rotated output the
X-axis runs along the long dimension of the page (``land-
scape'' orientation). Defaults to 0.
<B>-maxpect</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates to scale the plot so that it fills the Post-
Script page. The aspect ratio of the graph is still
retained. The default is 0.
<B>-padx</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the horizontal padding for the left and right page
borders. The borders are exterior to the plot. <I>Pad</I> can
be a list of one or two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two
elements, the left border is padded by the first distance
and the right border by the second. If <I>pad</I> has just one
distance, both the left and right borders are padded
evenly. The default is 1i.
<B>-pady</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the vertical padding for the top and bottom page
borders. The borders are exterior to the plot. <I>Pad</I> can
The default width is 8.5i.
<B>-width</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the plot. This lets you generate a
plot of a width different from that of the widget. If
<I>pixels</I> is 0, the width is the same as the widget's width.
The default is 0.
Postscript configuration options may be also be set by the
<B>option</B> command. The resource name and class are postscript and
Postscript respectively. option add *Graph.postscript.Decora-
tions false option add *Graph.Postscript.Landscape true
<I>pathName</I> <B>postscript</B> <B>output</B> ?<I>fileName</I>? ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Outputs a file of encapsulated PostScript. If a <I>fileName</I> argu-
ment isn't present, the command returns the PostScript. If any
<I>option-value</I> pairs are present, they set configuration options
controlling how the PostScript is generated. <I>Option</I> and <I>value</I>
can be anything accepted by the postscript <B>configure</B> operation
above.
<B>MARKER</B> <B>COMPONENTS</B>
Markers are simple drawing procedures used to annotate or highlight
areas of the graph. Markers have various types: text strings, bitmaps,
images, connected lines, windows, or polygons. They can be associated
with a particular element, so that when the element is hidden or un-
hidden, so is the marker. By default, markers are the last items
drawn, so that data elements will appear in behind them. You can
change this by configuring the <B>-under</B> option.
Markers, in contrast to elements, don't affect the scaling of the coor-
dinate axes. They can also have <I>elastic</I> coordinates (specified by -Inf
and Inf respectively) that translate into the minimum or maximum limit
of the axis. For example, you can place a marker so it always remains
in the lower left corner of the plotting area, by using the coordinates
-Inf,-Inf.
The following operations are available for markers.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>after</B> <I>markerId</I> ?<I>afterId</I>?
Changes the order of the markers, drawing the first marker after
the second. If no second <I>afterId</I> argument is specified, the
marker is placed at the end of the display list. This command
can be used to control how markers are displayed since markers
are drawn in the order of this display list.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>before</B> <I>markerId</I> ?<I>beforeId</I>?
Changes the order of the markers, drawing the first marker
before the second. If no second <I>beforeId</I> argument is specified,
the marker is placed at the beginning of the display list. This
command can be used to control how markers are displayed since
markers are drawn in the order of this display list.
with <I>tagName</I> and <I>sequence</I> (it's an error occurs if there's no
such binding) is returned. If both <I>command</I> and <I>sequence</I> are
missing then a list of all the event sequences for which bind-
ings have been defined for <I>tagName</I>.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>cget</B> <I>option</I>
Returns the current value of the marker configuration option
given by <I>option</I>. <I>Option</I> may be any option described below in
the <B>configure</B> operation.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>configure</B> <I>markerId</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Queries or modifies the configuration options for markers. If
<I>option</I> isn't specified, a list describing the current options
for <I>markerId</I> is returned. If <I>option</I> is specified, but not
<I>value</I>, then a list describing <I>option</I> is returned. If one or
more <I>option</I> and <I>value</I> pairs are specified, then for each pair,
the marker option <I>option</I> is set to <I>value</I>.
The following options are valid for all markers. Each type of
marker also has its own type-specific options. They are
described in the sections below.
<B>-bindtags</B> <I>tagList</I>
Specifies the binding tags for the marker. <I>TagList</I> is a
list of binding tag names. The tags and their order will
determine how events for markers are handled. Each tag
in the list matching the current event sequence will have
its Tcl command executed. Implicitly the name of the
marker is always the first tag in the list. The default
value is all.
<B>-coords</B> <I>coordList</I>
Specifies the coordinates of the marker. <I>CoordList</I> is a
list of graph coordinates. The number of coordinates
required is dependent on the type of marker. Text,
image, and window markers need only two coordinates (an
X-Y coordinate). Bitmap markers can take either two or
four coordinates (if four, they represent the corners of
the bitmap). Line markers need at least four coordinates,
polygons at least six. If <I>coordList</I> is "", the marker
will not be displayed. The default is "".
<B>-element</B> <I>elemName</I>
Links the marker with the element <I>elemName</I>. The marker
is drawn only if the element is also currently displayed
(see the element's <B>show</B> operation). If <I>elemName</I> is "",
the marker is always drawn. The default is "".
<B>-hide</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the marker is drawn. If <I>boolean</I> is
true, the marker is not drawn. The default is no.
<B>-under</B> <I>boolean</I>
Indicates whether the marker is drawn below/above data
elements. If <I>boolean</I> is true, the marker is be drawn
underneath the data element symbols and lines. Other-
wise, the marker is drawn on top of the element. The
default is 0.
<B>-xoffset</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies a screen distance to offset the marker horizon-
tally. <I>Pixels</I> is a valid screen distance, such as 2 or
1.2i. The default is 0.
<B>-yoffset</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies a screen distance to offset the markers verti-
cally. <I>Pixels</I> is a valid screen distance, such as 2 or
1.2i. The default is 0.
Marker configuration options may also be set by the <B>option</B> com-
mand. The resource class is either BitmapMarker, ImageMarker,
LineMarker, PolygonMarker, TextMarker, or WindowMarker, depend-
ing on the type of marker. The resource name is the name of the
marker. option add *Graph.TextMarker.Foreground white option
add *Graph.BitmapMarker.Foreground white option add
*Graph.m1.Background blue
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>create</B> <I>type</I> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?...
Creates a marker of the selected type. <I>Type</I> may be either text,
line, bitmap, image, polygon, or window. This command returns
the marker identifier, used as the <I>markerId</I> argument in the
other marker-related commands. If the <B>-name</B> option is used,
this overrides the normal marker identifier. If the name pro-
vided is already used for another marker, the new marker will
replace the old.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>delete</B> ?<I>name</I>?...
Removes one of more markers. The graph will automatically be
redrawn without the marker..
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>exists</B> <I>markerId</I>
Returns 1 if the marker <I>markerId</I> exists and 0 otherwise.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>names</B> ?<I>pattern</I>?
Returns the names of all the markers that currently exist. If
<I>pattern</I> is supplied, only those markers whose names match it
will be returned.
<I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>type</B> <I>markerId</I>
Returns the type of the marker given by <I>markerId</I>, such as line
or text. If <I>markerId</I> is not a valid a marker identifier, "" is
returned.
<B>BITMAP</B> <B>MARKERS</B>
The following options are specific to bitmap markers:
<B>-background</B> <I>color</I>
Same as the <B>-fill</B> option.
<B>-bitmap</B> <I>bitmap</I>
Specifies the bitmap to be displayed. If <I>bitmap</I> is "", the
marker will not be displayed. The default is "".
<B>-fill</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the background color of the bitmap. If <I>color</I> is the empty
string, no background will be transparent. The default back-
ground color is "".
<B>-foreground</B> <I>color</I>
Same as the <B>-outline</B> option.
<B>-mask</B> <I>mask</I>
Specifies a mask for the bitmap to be displayed. This mask is a
bitmap itself, denoting the pixels that are transparent. If
<I>mask</I> is "", all pixels of the bitmap will be drawn. The default
is "".
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the foreground color of the bitmap. The default value is
black.
<B>-rotate</B> <I>theta</I>
Sets the rotation of the bitmap. <I>Theta</I> is a real number repre-
senting the angle of rotation in degrees. The marker is first
rotated and then placed according to its anchor position. The
default rotation is 0.0.
<B>IMAGE</B> <B>MARKERS</B>
A image marker displays an image. Image markers are created with the
marker's <B>create</B> operation in the form: <I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>create</B> <B>image</B>
?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?... There may be many <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs, each sets a
configuration option for the marker. These same <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs may
be used with the marker's <B>configure</B> operation.
The following options are specific to image markers:
<B>-anchor</B> <I>anchor</I>
<I>Anchor</I> tells how to position the image relative to the position-
ing point for the image. For example, if <I>anchor</I> is center then
the image is centered on the point; if <I>anchor</I> is n then the
image will be drawn such that the top center point of the rect-
angular region occupied by the image will be at the positioning
point. This option defaults to center.
<B>-image</B> <I>image</I>
Specifies the image to be drawn. If <I>image</I> is "", the marker
gaps on the line. Each number must be between 1 and 255. If
<I>dashList</I> is "", the marker line will be solid.
<B>-fill</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the background color of the line. This color is used with
striped lines (see the <B>-fdashes</B> option). If <I>color</I> is the empty
string, no background color is drawn (the line will be dashed,
not striped). The default background color is "".
<B>-linewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the lines. The default width is 0.
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the foreground color of the line. The default value is
black.
<B>-stipple</B> <I>bitmap</I>
Specifies a stipple pattern used to draw the line, rather than a
solid line. <I>Bitmap</I> specifies a bitmap to use as the stipple
pattern. If <I>bitmap</I> is "", then the line is drawn in a solid
fashion. The default is "".
<B>POLYGON</B> <B>MARKERS</B>
A polygon marker displays a closed region described as two or more con-
nected line segments. It is assumed the first and last points are con-
nected. Polygon markers are created using the marker <B>create</B> operation
in the form: <I>pathName</I> <B>marker</B> <B>create</B> <B>polygon</B> ?<I>option</I> <I>value</I>?... There
may be many <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs, each sets a configuration option for
the marker. These same <I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs may be used with the <B>marker</B>
<B>configure</B> command to change the marker's configuration. The following
options are supported for polygon markers:
<B>-dashes</B> <I>dashList</I>
Sets the dash style of the outline of the polygon. <I>DashList</I> is a
list of up to 11 numbers that alternately represent the lengths
of the dashes and gaps on the outline. Each number must be
between 1 and 255. If <I>dashList</I> is "", the outline will be a
solid line.
<B>-fill</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the fill color of the polygon. If <I>color</I> is "", then the
interior of the polygon is transparent. The default is white.
<B>-linewidth</B> <I>pixels</I>
Sets the width of the outline of the polygon. If <I>pixels</I> is zero,
no outline is drawn. The default is 0.
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the outline of the polygon. If the polygon is
stippled (see the <B>-stipple</B> option), then this represents the
foreground color of the stipple. The default is black.
the marker's <B>configure</B> operation.
The following options are specific to text markers:
<B>-anchor</B> <I>anchor</I>
<I>Anchor</I> tells how to position the text relative to the position-
ing point for the text. For example, if <I>anchor</I> is center then
the text is centered on the point; if <I>anchor</I> is n then the text
will be drawn such that the top center point of the rectangular
region occupied by the text will be at the positioning point.
This default is center.
<B>-background</B> <I>color</I>
Same as the <B>-fill</B> option.
<B>-font</B> <I>fontName</I>
Specifies the font of the text. The default is *-Helvetica-
Bold-R-Normal-*-120-*.
<B>-fill</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the background color of the text. If <I>color</I> is the empty
string, no background will be transparent. The default back-
ground color is "".
<B>-foreground</B> <I>color</I>
Same as the <B>-outline</B> option.
<B>-justify</B> <I>justify</I>
Specifies how the text should be justified. This matters only
when the marker contains more than one line of text. <I>Justify</I>
must be left, right, or center. The default is center.
<B>-outline</B> <I>color</I>
Sets the color of the text. The default value is black.
<B>-padx</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the padding to the left and right exteriors of the text.
<I>Pad</I> can be a list of one or two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has
two elements, the left side of the text is padded by the first
distance and the right side by the second. If <I>pad</I> has just one
distance, both the left and right sides are padded evenly. The
default is 4.
<B>-pady</B> <I>pad</I>
Sets the padding above and below the text. <I>Pad</I> can be a list of
one or two screen distances. If <I>pad</I> has two elements, the area
above the text is padded by the first distance and the area
below by the second. If <I>pad</I> is just one distance, both the top
and bottom areas are padded evenly. The default is 4.
<B>-rotate</B> <I>theta</I>
Specifies the number of degrees to rotate the text. <I>Theta</I> is a
<I>option</I>-<I>value</I> pairs may be used with the marker's <B>configure</B> command.
The following options are specific to window markers:
<B>-anchor</B> <I>anchor</I>
<I>Anchor</I> tells how to position the widget relative to the posi-
tioning point for the widget. For example, if <I>anchor</I> is center
then the widget is centered on the point; if <I>anchor</I> is n then
the widget will be displayed such that the top center point of
the rectangular region occupied by the widget will be at the
positioning point. This option defaults to center.
<B>-height</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies the height to assign to the marker's window. If this
option isn't specified, or if it is specified as "", then the
window is given whatever height the widget requests internally.
<B>-width</B> <I>pixels</I>
Specifies the width to assign to the marker's window. If this
option isn't specified, or if it is specified as "", then the
window is given whatever width the widget requests internally.
<B>-window</B> <I>pathName</I>
Specifies the widget to be managed by the graph. <I>PathName</I> must
be a child of the <B>graph</B> widget.
</PRE>
<H2>GRAPH COMPONENT BINDINGS</H2><PRE>
Specific graph components, such as elements, markers and legend
entries, can have a command trigger when event occurs in them, much
like canvas items in Tk's canvas widget. Not all event sequences are
valid. The only binding events that may be specified are those related
to the mouse and keyboard (such as <B>Enter</B>, <B>Leave</B>, <B>ButtonPress</B>, <B>Motion</B>,
and <B>KeyPress</B>).
Only one element or marker can be picked during an event. This means,
that if the mouse is directly over both an element and a marker, only
the uppermost component is selected. This isn't true for legend
entries. Both a legend entry and an element (or marker) binding com-
mands will be invoked if both items are picked.
It is possible for multiple bindings to match a particular event. This
could occur, for example, if one binding is associated with the element
name and another is associated with one of the element's tags (see the
<B>-bindtags</B> option). When this occurs, all of the matching bindings are
invoked. A binding associated with the element name is invoked first,
followed by one binding for each of the element's bindtags. If there
are multiple matching bindings for a single tag, then only the most
specific binding is invoked. A continue command in a binding script
terminates that script, and a break command terminates that script and
skips any remaining scripts for the event, just as for the bind com-
mand.
vectors are updated.
From Tcl, create the vectors and configure the element to use them.
vector X Y .g element configure line1 -xdata X -ydata Y To set data
points from C, you pass the values as arrays of doubles using the
<B>Blt_ResetVector</B> call. The vector is reset with the new data and at the
next idle point (when Tk re-enters its event loop), the graph will be
redrawn automatically. #include <tcl.h> #include <blt.h>
register int i; Blt_Vector *xVec, *yVec; double x[50], y[50];
/* Get the BLT vectors "X" and "Y" (created above from Tcl) */ if
((Blt_GetVector(interp, "X", &xVec) != TCL_OK) ||
(Blt_GetVector(interp, "Y", &yVec) != TCL_OK)) {
return TCL_ERROR; }
for (i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
x[i] = i * 0.02;
y[i] = sin(x[i]); }
/* Put the data into BLT vectors */ if ((Blt_ResetVector(xVec, x, 50,
50, TCL_VOLATILE) != TCL_OK) ||
(Blt_ResetVector(yVec, y, 50, 50, TCL_VOLATILE) != TCL_OK)) {
return TCL_ERROR; } See the <B>vector</B> manual page for more details.
</PRE>
<H2>SPEED TIPS</H2><PRE>
There may be cases where the graph needs to be drawn and updated as
quickly as possible. If drawing speed becomes a big problem, here are
a few tips to speed up displays.
<B>o</B> Try to minimize the number of data points. The more data points the
looked at, the more work the graph must do.
<B>o</B> If your data is generated as floating point values, the time required
to convert the data values to and from ASCII strings can be signifi-
cant, especially when there any many data points. You can avoid the
redundant string-to-decimal conversions using the C API to BLT vec-
tors.
<B>o</B> Data elements without symbols are drawn faster than with symbols.
Set the data element's <B>-symbol</B> option to none. If you need to draw
symbols, try using the simple symbols such as splus and scross.
<B>o</B> Don't stipple or dash the element. Solid lines are much faster.
<B>o</B> If you update data elements frequently, try turning off the widget's
<B>-bufferelements</B> option. When the graph is first displayed, it draws
data elements into an internal pixmap. The pixmap acts as a cache,
so that when the graph needs to be redrawn again, and the data ele-
ments or coordinate axes haven't changed, the pixmap is simply copied
to the screen. This is especially useful when you are using markers
to highlight points and regions on the graph. But if the graph is
BLT BLT_VERSION graph(n)
</PRE>
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