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authorGeorg Brandl <georg@python.org>2007-08-15 14:27:07 (GMT)
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-\section{\module{nntplib} ---
- NNTP protocol client}
-
-\declaremodule{standard}{nntplib}
-\modulesynopsis{NNTP protocol client (requires sockets).}
-
-\indexii{NNTP}{protocol}
-\index{Network News Transfer Protocol}
-
-This module defines the class \class{NNTP} which implements the client
-side of the NNTP protocol. It can be used to implement a news reader
-or poster, or automated news processors. For more information on NNTP
-(Network News Transfer Protocol), see Internet \rfc{977}.
-
-Here are two small examples of how it can be used. To list some
-statistics about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10
-articles:
-
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
->>> resp, count, first, last, name = s.group('comp.lang.python')
->>> print 'Group', name, 'has', count, 'articles, range', first, 'to', last
-Group comp.lang.python has 59 articles, range 3742 to 3803
->>> resp, subs = s.xhdr('subject', first + '-' + last)
->>> for id, sub in subs[-10:]: print id, sub
-...
-3792 Re: Removing elements from a list while iterating...
-3793 Re: Who likes Info files?
-3794 Emacs and doc strings
-3795 a few questions about the Mac implementation
-3796 Re: executable python scripts
-3797 Re: executable python scripts
-3798 Re: a few questions about the Mac implementation
-3799 Re: PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules
-3802 Re: executable python scripts
-3803 Re: \POSIX{} wait and SIGCHLD
->>> s.quit()
-'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
-\end{verbatim}
-
-To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has
-valid headers):
-
-\begin{verbatim}
->>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
->>> f = open('/tmp/article')
->>> s.post(f)
-'240 Article posted successfully.'
->>> s.quit()
-'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
-\end{verbatim}
-
-The module itself defines the following items:
-
-\begin{classdesc}{NNTP}{host\optional{, port
- \optional{, user\optional{, password
- \optional{, readermode}
- \optional{, usenetrc}}}}}
-Return a new instance of the \class{NNTP} class, representing a
-connection to the NNTP server running on host \var{host}, listening at
-port \var{port}. The default \var{port} is 119. If the optional
-\var{user} and \var{password} are provided,
-or if suitable credentials are present in \file{~/.netrc} and the
-optional flag \var{usenetrc} is true (the default),
-the \samp{AUTHINFO USER} and \samp{AUTHINFO PASS} commands are used to
-identify and authenticate the user to the server. If the optional
-flag \var{readermode} is true, then a \samp{mode reader} command is
-sent before authentication is performed. Reader mode is sometimes
-necessary if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine
-and intend to call reader-specific commands, such as \samp{group}. If
-you get unexpected \exception{NNTPPermanentError}s, you might need to set
-\var{readermode}. \var{readermode} defaults to \code{None}.
-\var{usenetrc} defaults to \code{True}.
-
-\versionchanged[\var{usenetrc} argument added]{2.4}
-\end{classdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPError}
-Derived from the standard exception \exception{Exception}, this is the
-base class for all exceptions raised by the \module{nntplib} module.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPReplyError}
-Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the
-server. For backwards compatibility, the exception \code{error_reply}
-is equivalent to this class.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPTemporaryError}
-Exception raised when an error code in the range 400--499 is
-received. For backwards compatibility, the exception
-\code{error_temp} is equivalent to this class.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPPermanentError}
-Exception raised when an error code in the range 500--599 is
-received. For backwards compatibility, the exception
-\code{error_perm} is equivalent to this class.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPProtocolError}
-Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does
-not begin with a digit in the range 1--5. For backwards
-compatibility, the exception \code{error_proto} is equivalent to this
-class.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-\begin{excdesc}{NNTPDataError}
-Exception raised when there is some error in the response data. For
-backwards compatibility, the exception \code{error_data} is
-equivalent to this class.
-\end{excdesc}
-
-
-\subsection{NNTP Objects \label{nntp-objects}}
-
-NNTP instances have the following methods. The \var{response} that is
-returned as the first item in the return tuple of almost all methods
-is the server's response: a string beginning with a three-digit code.
-If the server's response indicates an error, the method raises one of
-the above exceptions.
-
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{getwelcome}{}
-Return the welcome message sent by the server in reply to the initial
-connection. (This message sometimes contains disclaimers or help
-information that may be relevant to the user.)
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{set_debuglevel}{level}
-Set the instance's debugging level. This controls the amount of
-debugging output printed. The default, \code{0}, produces no debugging
-output. A value of \code{1} produces a moderate amount of debugging
-output, generally a single line per request or response. A value of
-\code{2} or higher produces the maximum amount of debugging output,
-logging each line sent and received on the connection (including
-message text).
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{newgroups}{date, time, \optional{file}}
-Send a \samp{NEWGROUPS} command. The \var{date} argument should be a
-string of the form \code{'\var{yy}\var{mm}\var{dd}'} indicating the
-date, and \var{time} should be a string of the form
-\code{'\var{hh}\var{mm}\var{ss}'} indicating the time. Return a pair
-\code{(\var{response}, \var{groups})} where \var{groups} is a list of
-group names that are new since the given date and time.
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{NEWGROUPS} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{newnews}{group, date, time, \optional{file}}
-Send a \samp{NEWNEWS} command. Here, \var{group} is a group name or
-\code{'*'}, and \var{date} and \var{time} have the same meaning as for
-\method{newgroups()}. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
-\var{articles})} where \var{articles} is a list of message ids.
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{NEWNEWS} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{list}{\optional{file}}
-Send a \samp{LIST} command. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
-\var{list})} where \var{list} is a list of tuples. Each tuple has the
-form \code{(\var{group}, \var{last}, \var{first}, \var{flag})}, where
-\var{group} is a group name, \var{last} and \var{first} are the last
-and first article numbers (as strings), and \var{flag} is
-\code{'y'} if posting is allowed, \code{'n'} if not, and \code{'m'} if
-the newsgroup is moderated. (Note the ordering: \var{last},
-\var{first}.)
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{LIST} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{descriptions}{grouppattern}
-Send a \samp{LIST NEWSGROUPS} command, where \var{grouppattern} is a wildmat
-string as specified in RFC2980 (it's essentially the same as DOS or UNIX
-shell wildcard strings). Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
-\var{list})}, where \var{list} is a list of tuples containing
-\code{(\var{name}, \var{title})}.
-
-\versionadded{2.4}
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{description}{group}
-Get a description for a single group \var{group}. If more than one group
-matches (if 'group' is a real wildmat string), return the first match.
-If no group matches, return an empty string.
-
-This elides the response code from the server. If the response code is
-needed, use \method{descriptions()}.
-
-\versionadded{2.4}
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{group}{name}
-Send a \samp{GROUP} command, where \var{name} is the group name.
-Return a tuple \code{(\var{response}, \var{count}, \var{first},
-\var{last}, \var{name})} where \var{count} is the (estimated) number
-of articles in the group, \var{first} is the first article number in
-the group, \var{last} is the last article number in the group, and
-\var{name} is the group name. The numbers are returned as strings.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{help}{\optional{file}}
-Send a \samp{HELP} command. Return a pair \code{(\var{response},
-\var{list})} where \var{list} is a list of help strings.
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{HELP} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{stat}{id}
-Send a \samp{STAT} command, where \var{id} is the message id (enclosed
-in \character{<} and \character{>}) or an article number (as a string).
-Return a triple \code{(\var{response}, \var{number}, \var{id})} where
-\var{number} is the article number (as a string) and \var{id} is the
-message id (enclosed in \character{<} and \character{>}).
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{next}{}
-Send a \samp{NEXT} command. Return as for \method{stat()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{last}{}
-Send a \samp{LAST} command. Return as for \method{stat()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{head}{id}
-Send a \samp{HEAD} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as for
-\method{stat()}. Return a tuple
-\code{(\var{response}, \var{number}, \var{id}, \var{list})}
-where the first three are the same as for \method{stat()},
-and \var{list} is a list of the article's headers (an uninterpreted
-list of lines, without trailing newlines).
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{body}{id,\optional{file}}
-Send a \samp{BODY} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as for
-\method{stat()}. If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then
-the body is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string, then
-the method will open a file object with that name, write to it then close it.
-If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start calling
-\method{write()} on it to store the lines of the body.
-Return as for \method{head()}. If \var{file} is supplied, then
-the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{article}{id}
-Send an \samp{ARTICLE} command, where \var{id} has the same meaning as
-for \method{stat()}. Return as for \method{head()}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{slave}{}
-Send a \samp{SLAVE} command. Return the server's \var{response}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{xhdr}{header, string, \optional{file}}
-Send an \samp{XHDR} command. This command is not defined in the RFC
-but is a common extension. The \var{header} argument is a header
-keyword, e.g. \code{'subject'}. The \var{string} argument should have
-the form \code{'\var{first}-\var{last}'} where \var{first} and
-\var{last} are the first and last article numbers to search. Return a
-pair \code{(\var{response}, \var{list})}, where \var{list} is a list of
-pairs \code{(\var{id}, \var{text})}, where \var{id} is an article number
-(as a string) and \var{text} is the text of the requested header for
-that article.
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{XHDR} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{post}{file}
-Post an article using the \samp{POST} command. The \var{file}
-argument is an open file object which is read until EOF using its
-\method{readline()} method. It should be a well-formed news article,
-including the required headers. The \method{post()} method
-automatically escapes lines beginning with \samp{.}.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{ihave}{id, file}
-Send an \samp{IHAVE} command. \var{id} is a message id (enclosed in
-\character{<} and \character{>}).
-If the response is not an error, treat
-\var{file} exactly as for the \method{post()} method.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{date}{}
-Return a triple \code{(\var{response}, \var{date}, \var{time})},
-containing the current date and time in a form suitable for the
-\method{newnews()} and \method{newgroups()} methods.
-This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
-servers.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{xgtitle}{name, \optional{file}}
-Process an \samp{XGTITLE} command, returning a pair \code{(\var{response},
-\var{list})}, where \var{list} is a list of tuples containing
-\code{(\var{name}, \var{title})}.
-% XXX huh? Should that be name, description?
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{XGTITLE} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
-servers.
-
-RFC2980 says ``It is suggested that this extension be deprecated''. Use
-\method{descriptions()} or \method{description()} instead.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{xover}{start, end, \optional{file}}
-Return a pair \code{(\var{resp}, \var{list})}. \var{list} is a list
-of tuples, one for each article in the range delimited by the \var{start}
-and \var{end} article numbers. Each tuple is of the form
-\code{(\var{article number}, \var{subject}, \var{poster}, \var{date},
-\var{id}, \var{references}, \var{size}, \var{lines})}.
-If the \var{file} parameter is supplied, then the output of the
-\samp{XOVER} command is stored in a file. If \var{file} is a string,
-then the method will open a file object with that name, write to it
-then close it. If \var{file} is a file object, then it will start
-calling \method{write()} on it to store the lines of the command output.
-If \var{file} is supplied, then the returned \var{list} is an empty list.
-This is an optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all
-servers.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{xpath}{id}
-Return a pair \code{(\var{resp}, \var{path})}, where \var{path} is the
-directory path to the article with message ID \var{id}. This is an
-optional NNTP extension, and may not be supported by all servers.
-\end{methoddesc}
-
-\begin{methoddesc}[NNTP]{quit}{}
-Send a \samp{QUIT} command and close the connection. Once this method
-has been called, no other methods of the NNTP object should be called.
-\end{methoddesc}