Add the uuid module.

This module has been tested so far on Windows XP (Python 2.4 and 2.5a2),
Mac OS X (Python 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5a2), and Linux (Python 2.4 and 2.5a2).

2 files changed, 873 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_uuid.py b/Lib/test/test_uuid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac2c99f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/test/test_uuid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+import uuid
+
+def importable(name):
+    try:
+        __import__(name)
+        return True
+    except:
+        return False
+
+class TestUUID(TestCase):
+    last_node = None
+
+    def test_UUID(self):
+        equal = self.assertEqual
+        ascending = []
+        for (string, curly, hex, bytes, fields, integer, urn,
+             time, clock_seq, variant, version) in [
+            ('00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000',
+             '{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000}',
+             '00000000000000000000000000000000',
+             '\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0',
+             (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0),
+             0,
+             'urn:uuid:00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000',
+             0, 0, uuid.RESERVED_NCS, None),
+            ('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f',
+             '{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}',
+             '000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f',
+             '\0\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f',
+             (0x00010203L, 0x0405, 0x0607, 8, 9, 0x0a0b0c0d0e0fL),
+             0x000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0fL,
+             'urn:uuid:00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f',
+             0x607040500010203L, 0x809, uuid.RESERVED_NCS, None),
+            ('02d9e6d5-9467-382e-8f9b-9300a64ac3cd',
+             '{02d9e6d5-9467-382e-8f9b-9300a64ac3cd}',
+             '02d9e6d59467382e8f9b9300a64ac3cd',
+             '\x02\xd9\xe6\xd5\x94\x67\x38\x2e\x8f\x9b\x93\x00\xa6\x4a\xc3\xcd',
+             (0x02d9e6d5L, 0x9467, 0x382e, 0x8f, 0x9b, 0x9300a64ac3cdL),
+             0x02d9e6d59467382e8f9b9300a64ac3cdL,
+             'urn:uuid:02d9e6d5-9467-382e-8f9b-9300a64ac3cd',
+             0x82e946702d9e6d5L, 0xf9b, uuid.RFC_4122, 3),
+            ('12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678',
+             '{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}',
+             '12345678123456781234567812345678',
+             '\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4,
+             (0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678),
+             0x12345678123456781234567812345678,
+             'urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678',
+             0x678123412345678L, 0x1234, uuid.RESERVED_NCS, None),
+            ('6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             '{6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8}',
+             '6ba7b8109dad11d180b400c04fd430c8',
+             '\x6b\xa7\xb8\x10\x9d\xad\x11\xd1\x80\xb4\x00\xc0\x4f\xd4\x30\xc8',
+             (0x6ba7b810L, 0x9dad, 0x11d1, 0x80, 0xb4, 0x00c04fd430c8L),
+             0x6ba7b8109dad11d180b400c04fd430c8L,
+             'urn:uuid:6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             0x1d19dad6ba7b810L, 0xb4, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             '{6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8}',
+             '6ba7b8119dad11d180b400c04fd430c8',
+             '\x6b\xa7\xb8\x11\x9d\xad\x11\xd1\x80\xb4\x00\xc0\x4f\xd4\x30\xc8',
+             (0x6ba7b811L, 0x9dad, 0x11d1, 0x80, 0xb4, 0x00c04fd430c8L),
+             0x6ba7b8119dad11d180b400c04fd430c8L,
+             'urn:uuid:6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             0x1d19dad6ba7b811L, 0xb4, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             '{6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8}',
+             '6ba7b8129dad11d180b400c04fd430c8',
+             '\x6b\xa7\xb8\x12\x9d\xad\x11\xd1\x80\xb4\x00\xc0\x4f\xd4\x30\xc8',
+             (0x6ba7b812L, 0x9dad, 0x11d1, 0x80, 0xb4, 0x00c04fd430c8L),
+             0x6ba7b8129dad11d180b400c04fd430c8L,
+             'urn:uuid:6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             0x1d19dad6ba7b812L, 0xb4, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             '{6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8}',
+             '6ba7b8149dad11d180b400c04fd430c8',
+             '\x6b\xa7\xb8\x14\x9d\xad\x11\xd1\x80\xb4\x00\xc0\x4f\xd4\x30\xc8',
+             (0x6ba7b814L, 0x9dad, 0x11d1, 0x80, 0xb4, 0x00c04fd430c8L),
+             0x6ba7b8149dad11d180b400c04fd430c8L,
+             'urn:uuid:6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8',
+             0x1d19dad6ba7b814L, 0xb4, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('7d444840-9dc0-11d1-b245-5ffdce74fad2',
+             '{7d444840-9dc0-11d1-b245-5ffdce74fad2}',
+             '7d4448409dc011d1b2455ffdce74fad2',
+             '\x7d\x44\x48\x40\x9d\xc0\x11\xd1\xb2\x45\x5f\xfd\xce\x74\xfa\xd2',
+             (0x7d444840L, 0x9dc0, 0x11d1, 0xb2, 0x45, 0x5ffdce74fad2L),
+             0x7d4448409dc011d1b2455ffdce74fad2L,
+             'urn:uuid:7d444840-9dc0-11d1-b245-5ffdce74fad2',
+             0x1d19dc07d444840L, 0x3245, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('e902893a-9d22-3c7e-a7b8-d6e313b71d9f',
+             '{e902893a-9d22-3c7e-a7b8-d6e313b71d9f}',
+             'e902893a9d223c7ea7b8d6e313b71d9f',
+             '\xe9\x02\x89\x3a\x9d\x22\x3c\x7e\xa7\xb8\xd6\xe3\x13\xb7\x1d\x9f',
+             (0xe902893aL, 0x9d22, 0x3c7e, 0xa7, 0xb8, 0xd6e313b71d9fL),
+             0xe902893a9d223c7ea7b8d6e313b71d9fL,
+             'urn:uuid:e902893a-9d22-3c7e-a7b8-d6e313b71d9f',
+             0xc7e9d22e902893aL, 0x27b8, uuid.RFC_4122, 3),
+            ('eb424026-6f54-4ef8-a4d0-bb658a1fc6cf',
+             '{eb424026-6f54-4ef8-a4d0-bb658a1fc6cf}',
+             'eb4240266f544ef8a4d0bb658a1fc6cf',
+             '\xeb\x42\x40\x26\x6f\x54\x4e\xf8\xa4\xd0\xbb\x65\x8a\x1f\xc6\xcf',
+             (0xeb424026L, 0x6f54, 0x4ef8, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0xbb658a1fc6cfL),
+             0xeb4240266f544ef8a4d0bb658a1fc6cfL,
+             'urn:uuid:eb424026-6f54-4ef8-a4d0-bb658a1fc6cf',
+             0xef86f54eb424026L, 0x24d0, uuid.RFC_4122, 4),
+            ('f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6',
+             '{f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6}',
+             'f81d4fae7dec11d0a76500a0c91e6bf6',
+             '\xf8\x1d\x4f\xae\x7d\xec\x11\xd0\xa7\x65\x00\xa0\xc9\x1e\x6b\xf6',
+             (0xf81d4faeL, 0x7dec, 0x11d0, 0xa7, 0x65, 0x00a0c91e6bf6L),
+             0xf81d4fae7dec11d0a76500a0c91e6bf6L,
+             'urn:uuid:f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6',
+             0x1d07decf81d4faeL, 0x2765, uuid.RFC_4122, 1),
+            ('fffefdfc-fffe-fffe-fffe-fffefdfcfbfa',
+             '{fffefdfc-fffe-fffe-fffe-fffefdfcfbfa}',
+             'fffefdfcfffefffefffefffefdfcfbfa',
+             '\xff\xfe\xfd\xfc\xff\xfe\xff\xfe\xff\xfe\xff\xfe\xfd\xfc\xfb\xfa',
+             (0xfffefdfcL, 0xfffe, 0xfffe, 0xff, 0xfe, 0xfffefdfcfbfaL),
+             0xfffefdfcfffefffefffefffefdfcfbfaL,
+             'urn:uuid:fffefdfc-fffe-fffe-fffe-fffefdfcfbfa',
+             0xffefffefffefdfcL, 0x3ffe, uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE, None),
+            ('ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff',
+             '{ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff}',
+             'ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+             '\xff'*16,
+             (0xffffffffL, 0xffffL, 0xffffL, 0xff, 0xff, 0xffffffffffffL),
+             0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffL,
+             'urn:uuid:ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff',
+             0xfffffffffffffffL, 0x3fff, uuid.RESERVED_FUTURE, None),
+            ]:
+            equivalents = []
+            # Construct each UUID in several different ways.
+            for u in [uuid.UUID(string), uuid.UUID(curly), uuid.UUID(hex),
+                      uuid.UUID(bytes=bytes), uuid.UUID(fields=fields),
+                      uuid.UUID(int=integer), uuid.UUID(urn)]:
+                # Test all conversions and properties of the UUID object.
+                equal(str(u), string)
+                equal(int(u), integer)
+                equal(u.bytes, bytes)
+                equal(u.fields, fields)
+                equal(u.time_low, fields[0])
+                equal(u.time_mid, fields[1])
+                equal(u.time_hi_version, fields[2])
+                equal(u.clock_seq_hi_variant, fields[3])
+                equal(u.clock_seq_low, fields[4])
+                equal(u.node, fields[5])
+                equal(u.hex, hex)
+                equal(u.int, integer)
+                equal(u.urn, urn)
+                equal(u.time, time)
+                equal(u.clock_seq, clock_seq)
+                equal(u.variant, variant)
+                equal(u.version, version)
+                equivalents.append(u)
+
+            # Different construction methods should give the same UUID.
+            for u in equivalents:
+                for v in equivalents:
+                    equal(u, v)
+            ascending.append(u)
+
+        # Test comparison of UUIDs.
+        for i in range(len(ascending)):
+            for j in range(len(ascending)):
+                equal(cmp(i, j), cmp(ascending[i], ascending[j]))
+
+        # Test sorting of UUIDs (above list is in ascending order).
+        resorted = ascending[:]
+        resorted.reverse()
+        resorted.sort()
+        equal(ascending, resorted)
+
+    def test_exceptions(self):
+        badvalue = lambda f: self.assertRaises(ValueError, f)
+        badtype = lambda f: self.assertRaises(TypeError, f)
+        
+        # Badly formed hex strings.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(''))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('abc'))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('1234567812345678123456781234567'))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('123456781234567812345678123456789'))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('123456781234567812345678z2345678'))
+
+        # Badly formed bytes.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes='abc'))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes='\0'*15))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes='\0'*17))
+
+        # Badly formed fields.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(1,)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)))
+
+        # Field values out of range.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(-1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0x100000000L, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0x10000L, 0, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, -1, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0x10000L, 0, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, -1, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, 0x100L, 0, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, 0, -1, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, 0, 0x100L, 0)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1)))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x1000000000000L)))
+
+        # Version number out of range.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('00'*16, version=0))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID('00'*16, version=6))
+
+        # Integer value out of range.
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(int=-1))
+        badvalue(lambda: uuid.UUID(int=1<<128L))
+
+        # Must supply exactly one of hex, bytes, fields, int.
+        h, b, f, i = '00'*16, '\0'*16, (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0), 0
+        uuid.UUID(h)
+        uuid.UUID(hex=h)
+        uuid.UUID(bytes=b)
+        uuid.UUID(fields=f)
+        uuid.UUID(int=i)
+
+        # Wrong number of arguments (positional).
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID())
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, b))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, b, f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, b, f, i))
+
+        # Duplicate arguments (named).
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, bytes=b))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes=b, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes=b, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(fields=f, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, bytes=b, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, bytes=b, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, fields=f, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(bytes=b, int=i, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(hex=h, bytes=b, int=i, fields=f))
+
+        # Duplicate arguments (positional and named).
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, bytes=b))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, bytes=b))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, bytes=b, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, bytes=b, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, fields=f, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, bytes=b, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, bytes=b, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, fields=f, int=i))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, bytes=b, int=i, fields=f))
+        badtype(lambda: uuid.UUID(h, hex=h, bytes=b, int=i, fields=f))
+
+        # Immutability.
+        u = uuid.UUID(h)
+        badtype(lambda: setattr(u, 'hex', h))
+        badtype(lambda: setattr(u, 'bytes', b))
+        badtype(lambda: setattr(u, 'fields', f))
+        badtype(lambda: setattr(u, 'int', i))
+
+    def check_node(self, node, source=''):
+        individual_group_bit = (node >> 40L) & 1
+        universal_local_bit = (node >> 40L) & 2
+        message = "%012x doesn't look like a real MAC address" % node
+        self.assertEqual(individual_group_bit, 0, message)
+        self.assertEqual(universal_local_bit, 0, message)
+        self.assertNotEqual(node, 0, message)
+        self.assertNotEqual(node, 0xffffffffffffL, message)
+        self.assert_(0 <= node, message)
+        self.assert_(node < 1<<48L, message)
+
+        import sys
+        if source:
+            sys.stderr.write('(%s: %012x)' % (source, node))
+        if TestUUID.last_node:
+            self.assertEqual(TestUUID.last_node, node, 'inconsistent node IDs')
+        else:
+            TestUUID.last_node = node
+
+    def test_ifconfig_getnode(self):
+        import os
+        if os.name == 'posix':
+            self.check_node(uuid._ifconfig_getnode(), 'ifconfig')
+            
+    def test_ipconfig_getnode(self):
+        import os
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.check_node(uuid._ipconfig_getnode(), 'ipconfig')
+            
+    def test_netbios_getnode(self):
+        if importable('win32wnet') and importable('netbios'):
+            self.check_node(uuid._netbios_getnode(), 'netbios')
+            
+    def test_random_getnode(self):
+        node = uuid._random_getnode()
+        self.assert_(0 <= node)
+        self.assert_(node < 1<<48L)
+        
+    def test_unixdll_getnode(self):
+        import os
+        if importable('ctypes') and os.name == 'posix':
+            self.check_node(uuid._unixdll_getnode(), 'unixdll')
+
+    def test_windll_getnode(self):
+        import os
+        if importable('ctypes') and os.name == 'nt':
+            self.check_node(uuid._windll_getnode(), 'windll')
+
+    def test_getnode(self):
+        self.check_node(uuid.getnode())
+
+        # Test it again to ensure consistency.
+        self.check_node(uuid.getnode())
+
+    def test_uuid1(self):
+        equal = self.assertEqual
+
+        # Make sure uuid4() generates UUIDs that are actually version 1.
+        for u in [uuid.uuid1() for i in range(10)]:
+            equal(u.variant, uuid.RFC_4122)
+            equal(u.version, 1)
+
+        # Make sure the supplied node ID appears in the UUID.
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0)
+        equal(u.node, 0)
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0x123456789abc)
+        equal(u.node, 0x123456789abc)
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0xffffffffffff)
+        equal(u.node, 0xffffffffffff)
+
+        # Make sure the supplied clock sequence appears in the UUID.
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0x123456789abc, 0)
+        equal(u.node, 0x123456789abc)
+        equal(((u.clock_seq_hi_variant & 0x3f) << 8) | u.clock_seq_low, 0)
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0x123456789abc, 0x1234)
+        equal(u.node, 0x123456789abc)
+        equal(((u.clock_seq_hi_variant & 0x3f) << 8) | 
+                         u.clock_seq_low, 0x1234)
+        u = uuid.uuid1(0x123456789abc, 0x3fff)
+        equal(u.node, 0x123456789abc)
+        equal(((u.clock_seq_hi_variant & 0x3f) << 8) | 
+                         u.clock_seq_low, 0x3fff)
+
+    def test_uuid3(self):
+        equal = self.assertEqual
+
+        # Test some known version-3 UUIDs.
+        for u, v in [(uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org'),
+                      '6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e'),
+                     (uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_URL, 'http://python.org/'),
+                      '9fe8e8c4-aaa8-32a9-a55c-4535a88b748d'),
+                     (uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_OID, '1.3.6.1'),
+                      'dd1a1cef-13d5-368a-ad82-eca71acd4cd1'),
+                     (uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_X500, 'c=ca'),
+                      '658d3002-db6b-3040-a1d1-8ddd7d189a4d'),
+                    ]:
+            equal(u.variant, uuid.RFC_4122)
+            equal(u.version, 3)
+            equal(u, uuid.UUID(v))
+            equal(str(u), v)
+
+    def test_uuid4(self):
+        equal = self.assertEqual
+
+        # Make sure uuid4() generates UUIDs that are actually version 4.
+        for u in [uuid.uuid4() for i in range(10)]:
+            equal(u.variant, uuid.RFC_4122)
+            equal(u.version, 4)
+
+    def test_uuid5(self):
+        equal = self.assertEqual
+
+        # Test some known version-5 UUIDs.
+        for u, v in [(uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org'),
+                      '886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d'),
+                     (uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_URL, 'http://python.org/'),
+                      '4c565f0d-3f5a-5890-b41b-20cf47701c5e'),
+                     (uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_OID, '1.3.6.1'),
+                      '1447fa61-5277-5fef-a9b3-fbc6e44f4af3'),
+                     (uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_X500, 'c=ca'),
+                      'cc957dd1-a972-5349-98cd-874190002798'),
+                    ]:
+            equal(u.variant, uuid.RFC_4122)
+            equal(u.version, 5)
+            equal(u, uuid.UUID(v))
+            equal(str(u), v)
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()
diff --git a/Lib/uuid.py b/Lib/uuid.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75d189f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Lib/uuid.py
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+r"""UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122.
+
+This module provides immutable UUID objects (class UUID) and the functions
+uuid1(), uuid3(), uuid4(), uuid5() for generating version 1, 3, 4, and 5
+UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.
+
+If all you want is a unique ID, you should probably call uuid1() or uuid4().
+Note that uuid1() may compromise privacy since it creates a UUID containing
+the computer's network address.  uuid4() creates a random UUID.
+
+Typical usage:
+
+    >>> import uuid
+
+    # make a UUID based on the host ID and current time
+    >>> uuid.uuid1()
+    UUID('a8098c1a-f86e-11da-bd1a-00112444be1e')
+
+    # make a UUID using an MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
+    >>> uuid.uuid3(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
+    UUID('6fa459ea-ee8a-3ca4-894e-db77e160355e')
+
+    # make a random UUID
+    >>> uuid.uuid4()
+    UUID('16fd2706-8baf-433b-82eb-8c7fada847da')
+
+    # make a UUID using a SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name
+    >>> uuid.uuid5(uuid.NAMESPACE_DNS, 'python.org')
+    UUID('886313e1-3b8a-5372-9b90-0c9aee199e5d')
+
+    # make a UUID from a string of hex digits (braces and hyphens ignored)
+    >>> x = uuid.UUID('{00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f}')
+
+    # convert a UUID to a string of hex digits in standard form
+    >>> str(x)
+    '00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f'
+
+    # get the raw 16 bytes of the UUID
+    >>> x.bytes
+    '\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08\t\n\x0b\x0c\r\x0e\x0f'
+
+    # make a UUID from a 16-byte string
+    >>> uuid.UUID(bytes=x.bytes)
+    UUID('00010203-0405-0607-0809-0a0b0c0d0e0f')
+
+This module works with Python 2.3 or higher."""
+
+__author__ = 'Ka-Ping Yee <ping@zesty.ca>'
+__date__ = '$Date: 2006/06/12 23:15:40 $'.split()[1].replace('/', '-')
+__version__ = '$Revision: 1.30 $'.split()[1]
+
+RESERVED_NCS, RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, RESERVED_FUTURE = [
+    'reserved for NCS compatibility', 'specified in RFC 4122',
+    'reserved for Microsoft compatibility', 'reserved for future definition']
+
+class UUID(object):
+    """Instances of the UUID class represent UUIDs as specified in RFC 4122.
+    UUID objects are immutable, hashable, and usable as dictionary keys.
+    Converting a UUID to a string with str() yields something in the form
+    '12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789abc'.  The UUID constructor accepts
+    four possible forms: a similar string of hexadecimal digits, or a
+    string of 16 raw bytes as an argument named 'bytes', or a tuple of
+    six integer fields (with 32-bit, 16-bit, 16-bit, 8-bit, 8-bit, and
+    48-bit values respectively) as an argument named 'fields', or a single
+    128-bit integer as an argument named 'int'.
+    
+    UUIDs have these read-only attributes:
+
+        bytes       the UUID as a 16-byte string
+
+        fields      a tuple of the six integer fields of the UUID,
+                    which are also available as six individual attributes
+                    and two derived attributes:
+
+            time_low                the first 32 bits of the UUID
+            time_mid                the next 16 bits of the UUID
+            time_hi_version         the next 16 bits of the UUID
+            clock_seq_hi_variant    the next 8 bits of the UUID
+            clock_seq_low           the next 8 bits of the UUID
+            node                    the last 48 bits of the UUID
+
+            time                    the 60-bit timestamp
+            clock_seq               the 14-bit sequence number
+
+        hex         the UUID as a 32-character hexadecimal string
+
+        int         the UUID as a 128-bit integer
+
+        urn         the UUID as a URN as specified in RFC 4122
+
+        variant     the UUID variant (one of the constants RESERVED_NCS,
+                    RFC_4122, RESERVED_MICROSOFT, or RESERVED_FUTURE)
+
+        version     the UUID version number (1 through 5, meaningful only
+                    when the variant is RFC_4122)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, hex=None, bytes=None, fields=None, int=None,
+                       version=None):
+        r"""Create a UUID from either a string of 32 hexadecimal digits,
+        a string of 16 bytes as the 'bytes' argument, a tuple of six
+        integers (32-bit time_low, 16-bit time_mid, 16-bit time_hi_version,
+        8-bit clock_seq_hi_variant, 8-bit clock_seq_low, 48-bit node) as
+        the 'fields' argument, or a single 128-bit integer as the 'int'
+        argument.  When a string of hex digits is given, curly braces,
+        hyphens, and a URN prefix are all optional.  For example, these
+        expressions all yield the same UUID:
+
+        UUID('{12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678}')
+        UUID('12345678123456781234567812345678')
+        UUID('urn:uuid:12345678-1234-5678-1234-567812345678')
+        UUID(bytes='\x12\x34\x56\x78'*4)
+        UUID(fields=(0x12345678, 0x1234, 0x5678, 0x12, 0x34, 0x567812345678))
+        UUID(int=0x12345678123456781234567812345678)
+
+        Exactly one of 'hex', 'bytes', 'fields', or 'int' must be given.
+        The 'version' argument is optional; if given, the resulting UUID
+        will have its variant and version number set according to RFC 4122,
+        overriding bits in the given 'hex', 'bytes', 'fields', or 'int'.
+        """
+
+        if [hex, bytes, fields, int].count(None) != 3:
+            raise TypeError('need just one of hex, bytes, fields, or int')
+        if hex is not None:
+            hex = hex.replace('urn:', '').replace('uuid:', '')
+            hex = hex.strip('{}').replace('-', '')
+            if len(hex) != 32:
+                raise ValueError('badly formed hexadecimal UUID string')
+            int = long(hex, 16)
+        if bytes is not None:
+            if len(bytes) != 16:
+                raise ValueError('bytes is not a 16-char string')
+            int = long(('%02x'*16) % tuple(map(ord, bytes)), 16)
+        if fields is not None:
+            if len(fields) != 6:
+                raise ValueError('fields is not a 6-tuple')
+            (time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,
+             clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node) = fields
+            if not 0 <= time_low < 1<<32L:
+                raise ValueError('field 1 out of range (need a 32-bit value)')
+            if not 0 <= time_mid < 1<<16L:
+                raise ValueError('field 2 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')
+            if not 0 <= time_hi_version < 1<<16L:
+                raise ValueError('field 3 out of range (need a 16-bit value)')
+            if not 0 <= clock_seq_hi_variant < 1<<8L:
+                raise ValueError('field 4 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')
+            if not 0 <= clock_seq_low < 1<<8L:
+                raise ValueError('field 5 out of range (need an 8-bit value)')
+            if not 0 <= node < 1<<48L:
+                raise ValueError('field 6 out of range (need a 48-bit value)')
+            clock_seq = (clock_seq_hi_variant << 8L) | clock_seq_low
+            int = ((time_low << 96L) | (time_mid << 80L) |
+                   (time_hi_version << 64L) | (clock_seq << 48L) | node)
+        if int is not None:
+            if not 0 <= int < 1<<128L:
+                raise ValueError('int is out of range (need a 128-bit value)')
+        if version is not None:
+            if not 1 <= version <= 5:
+                raise ValueError('illegal version number')
+            # Set the variant to RFC 4122.
+            int &= ~(0xc000 << 48L)
+            int |= 0x8000 << 48L
+            # Set the version number.
+            int &= ~(0xf000 << 64L)
+            int |= version << 76L
+        self.__dict__['int'] = int
+
+    def __cmp__(self, other):
+        if isinstance(other, UUID):
+            return cmp(self.int, other.int)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(self.int)
+
+    def __int__(self):
+        return self.int
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'UUID(%r)' % str(self)
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+        raise TypeError('UUID objects are immutable')
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        hex = '%032x' % self.int
+        return '%s-%s-%s-%s-%s' % (
+            hex[:8], hex[8:12], hex[12:16], hex[16:20], hex[20:])
+
+    def get_bytes(self):
+        bytes = ''
+        for shift in range(0, 128, 8):
+            bytes = chr((self.int >> shift) & 0xff) + bytes
+        return bytes
+
+    bytes = property(get_bytes)
+
+    def get_fields(self):
+        return (self.time_low, self.time_mid, self.time_hi_version,
+                self.clock_seq_hi_variant, self.clock_seq_low, self.node)
+
+    fields = property(get_fields)
+
+    def get_time_low(self):
+        return self.int >> 96L
+   
+    time_low = property(get_time_low)
+
+    def get_time_mid(self):
+        return (self.int >> 80L) & 0xffff
+
+    time_mid = property(get_time_mid)
+
+    def get_time_hi_version(self):
+        return (self.int >> 64L) & 0xffff
+    
+    time_hi_version = property(get_time_hi_version)
+
+    def get_clock_seq_hi_variant(self):
+        return (self.int >> 56L) & 0xff
+
+    clock_seq_hi_variant = property(get_clock_seq_hi_variant)
+    
+    def get_clock_seq_low(self):
+        return (self.int >> 48L) & 0xff
+
+    clock_seq_low = property(get_clock_seq_low)
+
+    def get_time(self):
+        return (((self.time_hi_version & 0x0fffL) << 48L) |
+                (self.time_mid << 32L) | self.time_low)
+
+    time = property(get_time)
+
+    def get_clock_seq(self):
+        return (((self.clock_seq_hi_variant & 0x3fL) << 8L) |
+                self.clock_seq_low)
+
+    clock_seq = property(get_clock_seq)
+    
+    def get_node(self):
+        return self.int & 0xffffffffffff
+
+    node = property(get_node)
+
+    def get_hex(self):
+        return '%032x' % self.int
+
+    hex = property(get_hex)
+
+    def get_urn(self):
+        return 'urn:uuid:' + str(self)
+
+    urn = property(get_urn)
+
+    def get_variant(self):
+        if not self.int & (0x8000 << 48L):
+            return RESERVED_NCS
+        elif not self.int & (0x4000 << 48L):
+            return RFC_4122
+        elif not self.int & (0x2000 << 48L):
+            return RESERVED_MICROSOFT
+        else:
+            return RESERVED_FUTURE
+
+    variant = property(get_variant)
+
+    def get_version(self):
+        # The version bits are only meaningful for RFC 4122 UUIDs.
+        if self.variant == RFC_4122:
+            return int((self.int >> 76L) & 0xf)
+
+    version = property(get_version)
+
+def _ifconfig_getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address on Unix by running ifconfig."""
+    import os
+    for dir in ['', '/sbin/', '/usr/sbin']:
+        try:
+            pipe = os.popen(os.path.join(dir, 'ifconfig'))
+        except IOError:
+            continue
+        for line in pipe:
+            words = line.lower().split()
+            for i in range(len(words)):
+                if words[i] in ['hwaddr', 'ether']:
+                    return int(words[i + 1].replace(':', ''), 16)
+
+def _ipconfig_getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address on Windows by running ipconfig.exe."""
+    import os, re
+    dirs = ['', r'c:\windows\system32', r'c:\winnt\system32']
+    try:
+        import ctypes
+        buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(300)
+        ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetSystemDirectoryA(buffer, 300)
+        dirs.insert(0, buffer.value.decode('mbcs'))
+    except:
+        pass
+    for dir in dirs:
+        try:
+            pipe = os.popen(os.path.join(dir, 'ipconfig') + ' /all')
+        except IOError:
+            continue
+        for line in pipe:
+            value = line.split(':')[-1].strip().lower()
+            if re.match('([0-9a-f][0-9a-f]-){5}[0-9a-f][0-9a-f]', value):
+                return int(value.replace('-', ''), 16)
+
+def _netbios_getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address on Windows using NetBIOS calls.
+    See http://support.microsoft.com/kb/118623 for details."""
+    import win32wnet, netbios
+    ncb = netbios.NCB()
+    ncb.Command = netbios.NCBENUM
+    ncb.Buffer = adapters = netbios.LANA_ENUM()
+    adapters._pack()
+    if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
+        return
+    adapters._unpack()
+    for i in range(adapters.length):
+        ncb.Reset()
+        ncb.Command = netbios.NCBRESET
+        ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])
+        if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
+            continue
+        ncb.Reset()
+        ncb.Command = netbios.NCBASTAT
+        ncb.Lana_num = ord(adapters.lana[i])
+        ncb.Callname = '*'.ljust(16)
+        ncb.Buffer = status = netbios.ADAPTER_STATUS()
+        if win32wnet.Netbios(ncb) != 0:
+            continue
+        status._unpack()
+        bytes = map(ord, status.adapter_address)
+        return ((bytes[0]<<40L) + (bytes[1]<<32L) + (bytes[2]<<24L) +
+                (bytes[3]<<16L) + (bytes[4]<<8L) + bytes[5])
+
+# Thanks to Thomas Heller for ctypes and for his help with its use here.
+
+# If ctypes is available, use it to find system routines for UUID generation.
+_uuid_generate_random = _uuid_generate_time = _UuidCreate = None
+try:
+    import ctypes, ctypes.util
+    _buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(16)
+
+    # The uuid_generate_* routines are provided by libuuid on at least
+    # Linux and FreeBSD, and provided by libc on Mac OS X.
+    for libname in ['uuid', 'c']:
+        try:
+            lib = ctypes.CDLL(ctypes.util.find_library(libname))
+        except:
+            continue
+        if hasattr(lib, 'uuid_generate_random'):
+            _uuid_generate_random = lib.uuid_generate_random
+        if hasattr(lib, 'uuid_generate_time'):
+            _uuid_generate_time = lib.uuid_generate_time
+
+    # On Windows prior to 2000, UuidCreate gives a UUID containing the
+    # hardware address.  On Windows 2000 and later, UuidCreate makes a
+    # random UUID and UuidCreateSequential gives a UUID containing the
+    # hardware address.  These routines are provided by the RPC runtime.
+    try:
+        lib = ctypes.windll.rpcrt4
+    except:
+        lib = None
+    _UuidCreate = getattr(lib, 'UuidCreateSequential',
+                          getattr(lib, 'UuidCreate', None))
+except:
+    pass
+
+def _unixdll_getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address on Unix using ctypes."""
+    _uuid_generate_time(_buffer)
+    return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node
+
+def _windll_getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address on Windows using ctypes."""
+    if _UuidCreate(_buffer) == 0:
+        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw).node
+
+def _random_getnode():
+    """Get a random node ID, with eighth bit set as suggested by RFC 4122."""
+    import random
+    return random.randrange(0, 1<<48L) | 0x010000000000L
+
+_node = None
+
+def getnode():
+    """Get the hardware address as a 48-bit integer.  The first time this
+    runs, it may launch a separate program, which could be quite slow.  If
+    all attempts to obtain the hardware address fail, we choose a random
+    48-bit number with its eighth bit set to 1 as recommended in RFC 4122."""
+
+    global _node
+    if _node is not None:
+        return _node
+
+    import sys
+    if sys.platform == 'win32':
+        getters = [_windll_getnode, _netbios_getnode, _ipconfig_getnode]
+    else:
+        getters = [_unixdll_getnode, _ifconfig_getnode]
+
+    for getter in getters + [_random_getnode]:
+        try:
+            _node = getter()
+        except:
+            continue
+        if _node is not None:
+            return _node
+
+def uuid1(node=None, clock_seq=None):
+    """Generate a UUID from a host ID, sequence number, and the current time.
+    If 'node' is not given, getnode() is used to obtain the hardware
+    address.  If 'clock_seq' is given, it is used as the sequence number;
+    otherwise a random 14-bit sequence number is chosen."""
+
+    # When the system provides a version-1 UUID generator, use it (but don't
+    # use UuidCreate here because its UUIDs don't conform to RFC 4122).
+    if _uuid_generate_time and node is clock_seq is None:
+        _uuid_generate_time(_buffer)
+        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)
+
+    import time
+    nanoseconds = int(time.time() * 1e9)
+    # 0x01b21dd213814000 is the number of 100-ns intervals between the
+    # UUID epoch 1582-10-15 00:00:00 and the Unix epoch 1970-01-01 00:00:00.
+    timestamp = int(nanoseconds/100) + 0x01b21dd213814000L
+    if clock_seq is None:
+        import random
+        clock_seq = random.randrange(1<<14L) # instead of stable storage
+    time_low = timestamp & 0xffffffffL
+    time_mid = (timestamp >> 32L) & 0xffffL
+    time_hi_version = (timestamp >> 48L) & 0x0fffL
+    clock_seq_low = clock_seq & 0xffL
+    clock_seq_hi_variant = (clock_seq >> 8L) & 0x3fL
+    if node is None:
+        node = getnode()
+    return UUID(fields=(time_low, time_mid, time_hi_version,
+                        clock_seq_hi_variant, clock_seq_low, node), version=1)
+
+def uuid3(namespace, name):
+    """Generate a UUID from the MD5 hash of a namespace UUID and a name."""
+    import md5
+    hash = md5.md5(namespace.bytes + name).digest()
+    return UUID(bytes=hash[:16], version=3)
+
+def uuid4():
+    """Generate a random UUID."""
+
+    # When the system provides a version-4 UUID generator, use it.
+    if _uuid_generate_random:
+        _uuid_generate_random(_buffer)
+        return UUID(bytes=_buffer.raw)
+
+    # Otherwise, get randomness from urandom or the 'random' module.
+    try:
+        import os
+        return UUID(bytes=os.urandom(16), version=4)
+    except:
+        import random
+        bytes = [chr(random.randrange(256)) for i in range(16)]
+        return UUID(bytes=bytes, version=4)
+
+def uuid5(namespace, name):
+    """Generate a UUID from the SHA-1 hash of a namespace UUID and a name."""
+    import sha
+    hash = sha.sha(namespace.bytes + name).digest()
+    return UUID(bytes=hash[:16], version=5)
+
+# The following standard UUIDs are for use with uuid3() or uuid5().
+
+NAMESPACE_DNS = UUID('6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
+NAMESPACE_URL = UUID('6ba7b811-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
+NAMESPACE_OID = UUID('6ba7b812-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')
+NAMESPACE_X500 = UUID('6ba7b814-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8')