bpo-29505: Add fuzz tests for float(str), int(str), unicode(str) (#2878)

Add basic fuzz tests for a few common builtin functions.

This is an easy place to start, and these functions are probably safe.
We'll want to add more fuzz tests later.  Lets bootstrap using these.

While the fuzz tests are included in CPython and compiled / tested on a
very basic level inside CPython itself, the actual fuzzing happens as
part of oss-fuzz (https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz). The reason to
include the tests in CPython is to make sure that they're maintained
as part of the CPython project, especially when (as some eventually
will) they use internal implementation details in the test.

(This will be necessary sometimes because e.g. the fuzz test should
never enter Python's interpreter loop, whereas some APIs only expose
themselves publicly as Python functions.)

This particular set of changes is part of testing Python's builtins,
tracked internally at Google by b/37562550.

The _xxtestfuzz module that this change adds need not be shipped with binary distributions of Python.

4 files changed, 222 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b48f3c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+Fuzz Tests for CPython
+======================
+
+These fuzz tests are designed to be included in Google's `oss-fuzz`_ project.
+
+oss-fuzz works against a library exposing a function of the form
+``int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t length)``. We provide
+that library (``fuzzer.c``), and include a ``_fuzz`` module for testing with
+some toy values -- no fuzzing occurs in Python's test suite.
+
+oss-fuzz will regularly pull from CPython, discover all the tests in
+``fuzz_tests.txt``, and run them -- so adding a new test here means it will
+automatically be run in oss-fuzz, while also being smoke-tested as part of
+CPython's test suite.
+
+Adding a new fuzz test
+----------------------
+
+Add the test name on a new line in ``fuzz_tests.txt``.
+
+In ``fuzzer.c``, add a function to be run::
+
+    int $test_name (const char* data, size_t size) {
+        ...
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+
+And invoke it from ``LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput``::
+
+    #if _Py_FUZZ_YES(fuzz_builtin_float)
+        rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, fuzz_builtin_float);
+    #endif
+
+``LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput`` will run in oss-fuzz, with each test in
+``fuzz_tests.txt`` run separately.
+
+What makes a good fuzz test
+---------------------------
+
+Libraries written in C that might handle untrusted data are worthwhile. The
+more complex the logic (e.g. parsing), the more likely this is to be a useful
+fuzz test. See the existing examples for reference, and refer to the
+`oss-fuzz`_ docs.
+
+.. _oss-fuzz: https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781dd23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/_xxtestfuzz.c
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#define PY_SSIZE_T_CLEAN
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size);
+
+static PyObject* _fuzz_run(PyObject* self, PyObject* args) {
+    const char* buf;
+    Py_ssize_t size;
+    if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "s#", &buf, &size)) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    int rv = LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput((const uint8_t*)buf, size);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (rv != 0) {
+        // Nonzero return codes are reserved for future use.
+        PyErr_Format(
+            PyExc_RuntimeError, "Nonzero return code from fuzzer: %d", rv);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    Py_RETURN_NONE;
+}
+
+static PyMethodDef module_methods[] = {
+    {"run", (PyCFunction)_fuzz_run, METH_VARARGS, ""},
+    {NULL},
+};
+
+static struct PyModuleDef _fuzzmodule = {
+        PyModuleDef_HEAD_INIT,
+        "_fuzz",
+        NULL,
+        0,
+        module_methods,
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        NULL,
+        NULL
+};
+
+PyMODINIT_FUNC
+PyInit__xxtestfuzz(void)
+{
+    PyObject *m = NULL;
+
+    if ((m = PyModule_Create(&_fuzzmodule)) == NULL) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return m;
+}
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzz_tests.txt b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzz_tests.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e53bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzz_tests.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fuzz_builtin_float
+fuzz_builtin_int
+fuzz_builtin_unicode
diff --git a/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36f721e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Modules/_xxtestfuzz/fuzzer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+/* A fuzz test for CPython.
+
+  The only exposed function is LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput, which is called by
+  fuzzers and by the _fuzz module for smoke tests.
+
+  To build exactly one fuzz test, as when running in oss-fuzz etc.,
+  build with -D _Py_FUZZ_ONE and -D _Py_FUZZ_<test_name>. e.g. to build
+  LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput to only run "fuzz_builtin_float", build this file with
+      -D _Py_FUZZ_ONE -D _Py_FUZZ_fuzz_builtin_float.
+
+  See the source code for LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput for details. */
+
+#include <Python.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+/*  Fuzz PyFloat_FromString as a proxy for float(str). */
+static int fuzz_builtin_float(const char* data, size_t size) {
+    PyObject* s = PyBytes_FromStringAndSize(data, size);
+    if (s == NULL) return 0;
+    PyObject* f = PyFloat_FromString(s);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred() && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError)) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+
+    Py_XDECREF(f);
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Fuzz PyLong_FromUnicodeObject as a proxy for int(str). */
+static int fuzz_builtin_int(const char* data, size_t size) {
+    /* Pick a random valid base. (When the fuzzed function takes extra
+       parameters, it's somewhat normal to hash the input to generate those
+       parameters. We want to exercise all code paths, so we do so here.) */
+    int base = _Py_HashBytes(data, size) % 37;
+    if (base == 1) {
+        // 1 is the only number between 0 and 36 that is not a valid base.
+        base = 0;
+    }
+    if (base == -1) {
+        return 0;  // An error occurred, bail early.
+    }
+    if (base < 0) {
+        base = -base;
+    }
+
+    PyObject* s = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(data, size);
+    if (s == NULL) {
+        if (PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError)) {
+            PyErr_Clear();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+    PyObject* l = PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(s, base);
+    if (l == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_ValueError)) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    PyErr_Clear();
+    Py_XDECREF(l);
+    Py_DECREF(s);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Fuzz PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize as a proxy for unicode(str). */
+static int fuzz_builtin_unicode(const char* data, size_t size) {
+    PyObject* s = PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize(data, size);
+    if (s == NULL && PyErr_ExceptionMatches(PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError)) {
+        PyErr_Clear();
+    }
+    Py_XDECREF(s);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/* Run fuzzer and abort on failure. */
+static int _run_fuzz(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, int(*fuzzer)(const char* , size_t)) {
+    int rv = fuzzer((const char*) data, size);
+    if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
+        /* Fuzz tests should handle expected errors for themselves.
+           This is last-ditch check in case they didn't. */
+        PyErr_Print();
+        abort();
+    }
+    /* Someday the return value might mean something, propagate it. */
+    return rv;
+}
+
+/* CPython generates a lot of leak warnings for whatever reason. */
+int __lsan_is_turned_off(void) { return 1; }
+
+/* Fuzz test interface.
+   This returns the bitwise or of all fuzz test's return values.
+
+   All fuzz tests must return 0, as all nonzero return codes are reserved for
+   future use -- we propagate the return values for that future case.
+   (And we bitwise or when running multiple tests to verify that normally we
+   only return 0.) */
+int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+    if (!Py_IsInitialized()) {
+        /* LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput is called repeatedly from the same process,
+           with no separate initialization phase, sadly, so we need to
+           initialize CPython ourselves on the first run. */
+        Py_InitializeEx(0);
+    }
+
+    int rv = 0;
+
+#define _Py_FUZZ_YES(test_name) (defined(_Py_FUZZ_##test_name) || !defined(_Py_FUZZ_ONE))
+#if _Py_FUZZ_YES(fuzz_builtin_float)
+    rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, fuzz_builtin_float);
+#endif
+#if _Py_FUZZ_YES(fuzz_builtin_int)
+    rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, fuzz_builtin_int);
+#endif
+#if _Py_FUZZ_YES(fuzz_builtin_unicode)
+    rv |= _run_fuzz(data, size, fuzz_builtin_unicode);
+#endif
+#undef _Py_FUZZ_YES
+  return rv;
+}