GH-98831: "Generate" the interpreter (#98830)

The switch cases (really TARGET(opcode) macros) have been moved from ceval.c to generated_cases.c.h. That file is generated from instruction definitions in bytecodes.c (which impersonates a C file so the C code it contains can be edited without custom support in e.g. VS Code).

The code generator lives in Tools/cases_generator (it has a README.md explaining how it works). The DSL used to describe the instructions is a work in progress, described in https://github.com/faster-cpython/ideas/blob/main/3.12/interpreter_definition.md.

This is surely a work-in-progress. An easy next step could be auto-generating super-instructions.

**IMPORTANT: Merge Conflicts**

If you get a merge conflict for instruction implementations in ceval.c, your best bet is to port your changes to bytecodes.c. That file looks almost the same as the original cases, except instead of `TARGET(NAME)` it uses `inst(NAME)`, and the trailing `DISPATCH()` call is omitted (the code generator adds it automatically).

1 files changed, 3860 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Python/generated_cases.c.h b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c7498
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Python/generated_cases.c.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3860 @@
+// This file is generated by Tools/scripts/generate_cases.py
+// Do not edit!
+
+        TARGET(NOP) {
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(RESUME) {
+            assert(tstate->cframe == &cframe);
+            assert(frame == cframe.current_frame);
+            if (_Py_atomic_load_relaxed_int32(eval_breaker) && oparg < 2) {
+                goto handle_eval_breaker;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_CLOSURE) {
+            /* We keep LOAD_CLOSURE so that the bytecode stays more readable. */
+            PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                goto unbound_local_error;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_FAST_CHECK) {
+            PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                goto unbound_local_error;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_CONST) {
+            PREDICTED(LOAD_CONST);
+            PyObject *value = GETITEM(consts, oparg);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_FAST__LOAD_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            next_instr++;
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_FAST__LOAD_CONST) {
+            PyObject *value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            next_instr++;
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            value = GETITEM(consts, oparg);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_FAST__LOAD_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            next_instr++;
+            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_FAST__STORE_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            next_instr++;
+            value = POP();
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_CONST__LOAD_FAST) {
+            PyObject *value = GETITEM(consts, oparg);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            next_instr++;
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            value = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            assert(value != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_TOP) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(PUSH_NULL) {
+            /* Use BASIC_PUSH as NULL is not a valid object pointer */
+            BASIC_PUSH(NULL);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(END_FOR) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            value = POP();
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNARY_POSITIVE) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Positive(value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNARY_NEGATIVE) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Negative(value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNARY_NOT) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+            int err = PyObject_IsTrue(value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            if (err == 0) {
+                Py_INCREF(Py_True);
+                SET_TOP(Py_True);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else if (err > 0) {
+                Py_INCREF(Py_False);
+                SET_TOP(Py_False);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNARY_INVERT) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyNumber_Invert(value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            PyObject *prod = _PyLong_Multiply((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
+            SET_SECOND(prod);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (prod == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_MULTIPLY_FLOAT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            double dprod = ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval *
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *prod = PyFloat_FromDouble(dprod);
+            SET_SECOND(prod);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (prod == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            PyObject *sub = _PyLong_Subtract((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
+            SET_SECOND(sub);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (sub == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_SUBTRACT_FLOAT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            double dsub = ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval - ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *sub = PyFloat_FromDouble(dsub);
+            SET_SECOND(sub);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (sub == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_UNICODE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(right) != Py_TYPE(left), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            PyObject *res = PyUnicode_Concat(left, right);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            if (TOP() == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_INPLACE_ADD_UNICODE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(right) != Py_TYPE(left), BINARY_OP);
+            _Py_CODEUNIT true_next = next_instr[INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP];
+            assert(_Py_OPCODE(true_next) == STORE_FAST ||
+                   _Py_OPCODE(true_next) == STORE_FAST__LOAD_FAST);
+            PyObject **target_local = &GETLOCAL(_Py_OPARG(true_next));
+            DEOPT_IF(*target_local != left, BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            /* Handle `left = left + right` or `left += right` for str.
+             *
+             * When possible, extend `left` in place rather than
+             * allocating a new PyUnicodeObject. This attempts to avoid
+             * quadratic behavior when one neglects to use str.join().
+             *
+             * If `left` has only two references remaining (one from
+             * the stack, one in the locals), DECREFing `left` leaves
+             * only the locals reference, so PyUnicode_Append knows
+             * that the string is safe to mutate.
+             */
+            assert(Py_REFCNT(left) >= 2);
+            _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(left);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            PyUnicode_Append(target_local, right);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            if (*target_local == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            // The STORE_FAST is already done.
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP + 1);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_FLOAT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(right) != Py_TYPE(left), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            double dsum = ((PyFloatObject *)left)->ob_fval +
+                ((PyFloatObject *)right)->ob_fval;
+            PyObject *sum = PyFloat_FromDouble(dsum);
+            SET_SECOND(sum);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (sum == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADD_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), BINARY_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(right) != Py_TYPE(left), BINARY_OP);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, hit);
+            PyObject *sum = _PyLong_Add((PyLongObject *)left, (PyLongObject *)right);
+            SET_SECOND(sum);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            if (sum == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR) {
+            PREDICTED(BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            PyObject *sub = POP();
+            PyObject *container = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyObject_GetItem(container, sub);
+            Py_DECREF(container);
+            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SLICE) {
+            PyObject *stop = POP();
+            PyObject *start = POP();
+            PyObject *container = TOP();
+
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+            if (slice == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *res = PyObject_GetItem(container, slice);
+            Py_DECREF(slice);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(container);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_SLICE) {
+            PyObject *stop = POP();
+            PyObject *start = POP();
+            PyObject *container = TOP();
+            PyObject *v = SECOND();
+
+            PyObject *slice = _PyBuildSlice_ConsumeRefs(start, stop);
+            if (slice == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            int err = PyObject_SetItem(container, slice, v);
+            Py_DECREF(slice);
+            if (err) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            Py_DECREF(container);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE) {
+            _PyBinarySubscrCache *cache = (_PyBinarySubscrCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *sub = TOP();
+                PyObject *container = SECOND();
+                next_instr--;
+                if (_Py_Specialize_BinarySubscr(container, sub, next_instr) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *list = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+
+            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyList_Size(list)
+            Py_ssize_t signed_magnitude = Py_SIZE(sub);
+            DEOPT_IF(((size_t)signed_magnitude) > 1, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            assert(((PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetZero())->ob_digit[0] == 0);
+            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->ob_digit[0];
+            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(list);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_TUPLE_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *tuple = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+
+            // Deopt unless 0 <= sub < PyTuple_Size(list)
+            Py_ssize_t signed_magnitude = Py_SIZE(sub);
+            DEOPT_IF(((size_t)signed_magnitude) > 1, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            assert(((PyLongObject *)_PyLong_GetZero())->ob_digit[0] == 0);
+            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->ob_digit[0];
+            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyTuple_GET_SIZE(tuple), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(tuple, index);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(tuple);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_DICT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *dict = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(SECOND()), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyDict_GetItemWithError(dict, sub);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyErr_SetKeyError(sub);
+                }
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_SUBSCR_GETITEM) {
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *container = SECOND();
+            _PyBinarySubscrCache *cache = (_PyBinarySubscrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(container);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_HEAPTYPE);
+            PyObject *cached = ((PyHeapTypeObject *)tp)->_spec_cache.getitem;
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(cached));
+            PyFunctionObject *getitem = (PyFunctionObject *)cached;
+            DEOPT_IF(getitem->func_version != cache->func_version, BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)getitem->func_code;
+            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            STAT_INC(BINARY_SUBSCR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(getitem);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, getitem);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = container;
+            new_frame->localsplus[1] = sub;
+            for (int i = 2; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_SUBSCR);
+            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            frame = cframe.current_frame = new_frame;
+            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            goto start_frame;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LIST_APPEND) {
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            PyObject *list = PEEK(oparg);
+            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, v) < 0)
+                goto error;
+            PREDICT(JUMP_BACKWARD);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(SET_ADD) {
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            PyObject *set = PEEK(oparg);
+            int err;
+            err = PySet_Add(set, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            PREDICT(JUMP_BACKWARD);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR) {
+            PREDICTED(STORE_SUBSCR);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *container = SECOND();
+            PyObject *v = THIRD();
+            int err;
+            STACK_SHRINK(3);
+            /* container[sub] = v */
+            err = PyObject_SetItem(container, sub, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            Py_DECREF(container);
+            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_ADAPTIVE) {
+            _PyStoreSubscrCache *cache = (_PyStoreSubscrCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *sub = TOP();
+                PyObject *container = SECOND();
+                next_instr--;
+                if (_Py_Specialize_StoreSubscr(container, sub, next_instr) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(STORE_SUBSCR);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_LIST_INT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *list = SECOND();
+            PyObject *value = THIRD();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(sub), STORE_SUBSCR);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
+
+            // Ensure nonnegative, zero-or-one-digit ints.
+            DEOPT_IF(((size_t)Py_SIZE(sub)) > 1, STORE_SUBSCR);
+            Py_ssize_t index = ((PyLongObject*)sub)->ob_digit[0];
+            // Ensure index < len(list)
+            DEOPT_IF(index >= PyList_GET_SIZE(list), STORE_SUBSCR);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
+
+            PyObject *old_value = PyList_GET_ITEM(list, index);
+            PyList_SET_ITEM(list, index, value);
+            STACK_SHRINK(3);
+            assert(old_value != NULL);
+            Py_DECREF(old_value);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(sub, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            Py_DECREF(list);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_SUBSCR_DICT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *dict = SECOND();
+            PyObject *value = THIRD();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(dict), STORE_SUBSCR);
+            STACK_SHRINK(3);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_SUBSCR, hit);
+            int err = _PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)dict, sub, value);
+            Py_DECREF(dict);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_SUBSCR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_SUBSCR) {
+            PyObject *sub = TOP();
+            PyObject *container = SECOND();
+            int err;
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            /* del container[sub] */
+            err = PyObject_DelItem(container, sub);
+            Py_DECREF(container);
+            Py_DECREF(sub);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(PRINT_EXPR) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            PyObject *hook = _PySys_GetAttr(tstate, &_Py_ID(displayhook));
+            PyObject *res;
+            if (hook == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                 "lost sys.displayhook");
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            res = PyObject_CallOneArg(hook, value);
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            Py_DECREF(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(RAISE_VARARGS) {
+            PyObject *cause = NULL, *exc = NULL;
+            switch (oparg) {
+            case 2:
+                cause = POP(); /* cause */
+                /* fall through */
+            case 1:
+                exc = POP(); /* exc */
+                /* fall through */
+            case 0:
+                if (do_raise(tstate, exc, cause)) {
+                    goto exception_unwind;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                                 "bad RAISE_VARARGS oparg");
+                break;
+            }
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(RETURN_VALUE) {
+            PyObject *retval = POP();
+            assert(EMPTY());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            TRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
+            DTRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+            if (!frame->is_entry) {
+                frame = cframe.current_frame = pop_frame(tstate, frame);
+                _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, retval);
+                goto resume_frame;
+            }
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            /* Restore previous cframe and return. */
+            tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
+            tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
+            assert(tstate->cframe->current_frame == frame->previous);
+            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_AITER) {
+            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
+            PyObject *iter = NULL;
+            PyObject *obj = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(obj);
+
+            if (type->tp_as_async != NULL) {
+                getter = type->tp_as_async->am_aiter;
+            }
+
+            if (getter != NULL) {
+                iter = (*getter)(obj);
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                if (iter == NULL) {
+                    SET_TOP(NULL);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                SET_TOP(NULL);
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                              "'async for' requires an object with "
+                              "__aiter__ method, got %.100s",
+                              type->tp_name);
+                Py_DECREF(obj);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            if (Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async == NULL ||
+                    Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_as_async->am_anext == NULL) {
+
+                SET_TOP(NULL);
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                              "'async for' received an object from __aiter__ "
+                              "that does not implement __anext__: %.100s",
+                              Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_name);
+                Py_DECREF(iter);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            SET_TOP(iter);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_ANEXT) {
+            unaryfunc getter = NULL;
+            PyObject *next_iter = NULL;
+            PyObject *awaitable = NULL;
+            PyObject *aiter = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *type = Py_TYPE(aiter);
+
+            if (PyAsyncGen_CheckExact(aiter)) {
+                awaitable = type->tp_as_async->am_anext(aiter);
+                if (awaitable == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (type->tp_as_async != NULL){
+                    getter = type->tp_as_async->am_anext;
+                }
+
+                if (getter != NULL) {
+                    next_iter = (*getter)(aiter);
+                    if (next_iter == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  "'async for' requires an iterator with "
+                                  "__anext__ method, got %.100s",
+                                  type->tp_name);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                awaitable = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(next_iter);
+                if (awaitable == NULL) {
+                    _PyErr_FormatFromCause(
+                        PyExc_TypeError,
+                        "'async for' received an invalid object "
+                        "from __anext__: %.100s",
+                        Py_TYPE(next_iter)->tp_name);
+
+                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
+                    goto error;
+                } else {
+                    Py_DECREF(next_iter);
+                }
+            }
+
+            PUSH(awaitable);
+            PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_AWAITABLE) {
+            PREDICTED(GET_AWAITABLE);
+            PyObject *iterable = TOP();
+            PyObject *iter = _PyCoro_GetAwaitableIter(iterable);
+
+            if (iter == NULL) {
+                format_awaitable_error(tstate, Py_TYPE(iterable), oparg);
+            }
+
+            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+
+            if (iter != NULL && PyCoro_CheckExact(iter)) {
+                PyObject *yf = _PyGen_yf((PyGenObject*)iter);
+                if (yf != NULL) {
+                    /* `iter` is a coroutine object that is being
+                       awaited, `yf` is a pointer to the current awaitable
+                       being awaited on. */
+                    Py_DECREF(yf);
+                    Py_CLEAR(iter);
+                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_RuntimeError,
+                                     "coroutine is being awaited already");
+                    /* The code below jumps to `error` if `iter` is NULL. */
+                }
+            }
+
+            SET_TOP(iter); /* Even if it's NULL */
+
+            if (iter == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(SEND) {
+            assert(frame->is_entry);
+            assert(STACK_LEVEL() >= 2);
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            PyObject *receiver = TOP();
+            PySendResult gen_status;
+            PyObject *retval;
+            if (tstate->c_tracefunc == NULL) {
+                gen_status = PyIter_Send(receiver, v, &retval);
+            } else {
+                if (Py_IsNone(v) && PyIter_Check(receiver)) {
+                    retval = Py_TYPE(receiver)->tp_iternext(receiver);
+                }
+                else {
+                    retval = PyObject_CallMethodOneArg(receiver, &_Py_ID(send), v);
+                }
+                if (retval == NULL) {
+                    if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL
+                            && _PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration))
+                        call_exc_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj, tstate, frame);
+                    if (_PyGen_FetchStopIterationValue(&retval) == 0) {
+                        gen_status = PYGEN_RETURN;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        gen_status = PYGEN_ERROR;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    gen_status = PYGEN_NEXT;
+                }
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (gen_status == PYGEN_ERROR) {
+                assert(retval == NULL);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (gen_status == PYGEN_RETURN) {
+                assert(retval != NULL);
+                Py_DECREF(receiver);
+                SET_TOP(retval);
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            assert(gen_status == PYGEN_NEXT);
+            assert(retval != NULL);
+            PUSH(retval);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(ASYNC_GEN_WRAP) {
+            PyObject *v = TOP();
+            assert(frame->f_code->co_flags & CO_ASYNC_GENERATOR);
+            PyObject *w = _PyAsyncGenValueWrapperNew(v);
+            if (w == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            SET_TOP(w);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(YIELD_VALUE) {
+            // NOTE: It's important that YIELD_VALUE never raises an exception!
+            // The compiler treats any exception raised here as a failed close()
+            // or throw() call.
+            assert(oparg == STACK_LEVEL());
+            assert(frame->is_entry);
+            PyObject *retval = POP();
+            _PyFrame_GetGenerator(frame)->gi_frame_state = FRAME_SUSPENDED;
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            TRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
+            DTRACE_FUNCTION_EXIT();
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            /* Restore previous cframe and return. */
+            tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
+            tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
+            assert(tstate->cframe->current_frame == frame->previous);
+            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_EXCEPT) {
+            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
+            PyObject *value = exc_info->exc_value;
+            exc_info->exc_value = POP();
+            Py_XDECREF(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(RERAISE) {
+            if (oparg) {
+                PyObject *lasti = PEEK(oparg + 1);
+                if (PyLong_Check(lasti)) {
+                    frame->prev_instr = first_instr + PyLong_AsLong(lasti);
+                    assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
+                }
+                else {
+                    assert(PyLong_Check(lasti));
+                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError, "lasti is not an int");
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            PyObject *val = POP();
+            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
+            PyObject *exc = Py_NewRef(PyExceptionInstance_Class(val));
+            PyObject *tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+            _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc, val, tb);
+            goto exception_unwind;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(PREP_RERAISE_STAR) {
+            PyObject *excs = POP();
+            assert(PyList_Check(excs));
+            PyObject *orig = POP();
+
+            PyObject *val = _PyExc_PrepReraiseStar(orig, excs);
+            Py_DECREF(excs);
+            Py_DECREF(orig);
+
+            if (val == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            PUSH(val);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(END_ASYNC_FOR) {
+            PyObject *val = POP();
+            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
+            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(val, PyExc_StopAsyncIteration)) {
+                Py_DECREF(val);
+                Py_DECREF(POP());
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            else {
+                PyObject *exc = Py_NewRef(PyExceptionInstance_Class(val));
+                PyObject *tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+                _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc, val, tb);
+                goto exception_unwind;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CLEANUP_THROW) {
+            assert(throwflag);
+            PyObject *exc_value = TOP();
+            assert(exc_value && PyExceptionInstance_Check(exc_value));
+            if (PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(exc_value, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                PyObject *value = ((PyStopIterationObject *)exc_value)->value;
+                Py_INCREF(value);
+                Py_DECREF(POP());  // The StopIteration.
+                Py_DECREF(POP());  // The last sent value.
+                Py_DECREF(POP());  // The delegated sub-iterator.
+                PUSH(value);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(exc_value);
+            PyObject *exc_type = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(exc_value));
+            PyObject *exc_traceback = PyException_GetTraceback(exc_value);
+            _PyErr_Restore(tstate, exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback);
+            goto exception_unwind;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR) {
+            PyObject *value = PyExc_AssertionError;
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_BUILD_CLASS) {
+            PyObject *bc;
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS())) {
+                bc = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(BUILTINS(),
+                                              &_Py_ID(__build_class__));
+                if (bc == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                        _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                         "__build_class__ not found");
+                    }
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                Py_INCREF(bc);
+            }
+            else {
+                bc = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), &_Py_ID(__build_class__));
+                if (bc == NULL) {
+                    if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError))
+                        _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                         "__build_class__ not found");
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            PUSH(bc);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_NAME) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
+            int err;
+            if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                              "no locals found when storing %R", name);
+                Py_DECREF(v);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(ns))
+                err = PyDict_SetItem(ns, name, v);
+            else
+                err = PyObject_SetItem(ns, name, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_NAME) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *ns = LOCALS();
+            int err;
+            if (ns == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                              "no locals when deleting %R", name);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            err = PyObject_DelItem(ns, name);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                     NAME_ERROR_MSG,
+                                     name);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE) {
+            PREDICTED(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            PyObject *seq = POP();
+            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + oparg;
+            if (!unpack_iterable(tstate, seq, oparg, -1, top)) {
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            STACK_GROW(oparg);
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyUnpackSequenceCache *cache = (_PyUnpackSequenceCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *seq = TOP();
+                next_instr--;
+                _Py_Specialize_UnpackSequence(seq, next_instr, oparg);
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TWO_TUPLE) {
+            PyObject *seq = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != 2, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
+            SET_TOP(Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 1)));
+            PUSH(Py_NewRef(PyTuple_GET_ITEM(seq, 0)));
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_TUPLE) {
+            PyObject *seq = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyTuple_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyTuple_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            PyObject **items = _PyTuple_ITEMS(seq);
+            while (oparg--) {
+                PUSH(Py_NewRef(items[oparg]));
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_SEQUENCE_LIST) {
+            PyObject *seq = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_CheckExact(seq), UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyList_GET_SIZE(seq) != oparg, UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            STAT_INC(UNPACK_SEQUENCE, hit);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            PyObject **items = _PyList_ITEMS(seq);
+            while (oparg--) {
+                PUSH(Py_NewRef(items[oparg]));
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_UNPACK_SEQUENCE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(UNPACK_EX) {
+            int totalargs = 1 + (oparg & 0xFF) + (oparg >> 8);
+            PyObject *seq = POP();
+            PyObject **top = stack_pointer + totalargs;
+            if (!unpack_iterable(tstate, seq, oparg & 0xFF, oparg >> 8, top)) {
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            STACK_GROW(totalargs);
+            Py_DECREF(seq);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_ATTR) {
+            PREDICTED(STORE_ATTR);
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyObject *v = SECOND();
+            int err;
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_ATTR) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *owner = POP();
+            int err;
+            err = PyObject_SetAttr(owner, name, (PyObject *)NULL);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_GLOBAL) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            int err;
+            err = PyDict_SetItem(GLOBALS(), name, v);
+            Py_DECREF(v);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_GLOBAL) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            int err;
+            err = PyDict_DelItem(GLOBALS(), name);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                    format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                         NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                }
+                goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_NAME) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *locals = LOCALS();
+            PyObject *v;
+            if (locals == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                              "no locals when loading %R", name);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(locals)) {
+                v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(locals, name);
+                if (v != NULL) {
+                    Py_INCREF(v);
+                }
+                else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                v = PyObject_GetItem(locals, name);
+                if (v == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError))
+                        goto error;
+                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                }
+            }
+            if (v == NULL) {
+                v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(GLOBALS(), name);
+                if (v != NULL) {
+                    Py_INCREF(v);
+                }
+                else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS())) {
+                        v = PyDict_GetItemWithError(BUILTINS(), name);
+                        if (v == NULL) {
+                            if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                                format_exc_check_arg(
+                                        tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                        NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                            }
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        Py_INCREF(v);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        v = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), name);
+                        if (v == NULL) {
+                            if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                                format_exc_check_arg(
+                                            tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                            NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                            }
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            PUSH(v);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL) {
+            PREDICTED(LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            int push_null = oparg & 1;
+            PEEK(0) = NULL;
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg>>1);
+            PyObject *v;
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS())
+                && PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()))
+            {
+                v = _PyDict_LoadGlobal((PyDictObject *)GLOBALS(),
+                                       (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS(),
+                                       name);
+                if (v == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                        /* _PyDict_LoadGlobal() returns NULL without raising
+                         * an exception if the key doesn't exist */
+                        format_exc_check_arg(tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                             NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                    }
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                Py_INCREF(v);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Slow-path if globals or builtins is not a dict */
+
+                /* namespace 1: globals */
+                v = PyObject_GetItem(GLOBALS(), name);
+                if (v == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+
+                    /* namespace 2: builtins */
+                    v = PyObject_GetItem(BUILTINS(), name);
+                    if (v == NULL) {
+                        if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                            format_exc_check_arg(
+                                        tstate, PyExc_NameError,
+                                        NAME_ERROR_MSG, name);
+                        }
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            /* Skip over inline cache */
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            STACK_GROW(push_null);
+            PUSH(v);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache = (_PyLoadGlobalCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg>>1);
+                next_instr--;
+                if (_Py_Specialize_LoadGlobal(GLOBALS(), BUILTINS(), next_instr, name) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_MODULE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache = (_PyLoadGlobalCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t version = read_u32(cache->module_keys_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys));
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res = entries[cache->index].me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            int push_null = oparg & 1;
+            PEEK(0) = NULL;
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
+            STACK_GROW(push_null+1);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_GLOBAL_BUILTIN) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(GLOBALS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyDict_CheckExact(BUILTINS()), LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            PyDictObject *mdict = (PyDictObject *)GLOBALS();
+            PyDictObject *bdict = (PyDictObject *)BUILTINS();
+            _PyLoadGlobalCache *cache = (_PyLoadGlobalCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t mod_version = read_u32(cache->module_keys_version);
+            uint16_t bltn_version = cache->builtin_keys_version;
+            DEOPT_IF(mdict->ma_keys->dk_version != mod_version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            DEOPT_IF(bdict->ma_keys->dk_version != bltn_version, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            assert(DK_IS_UNICODE(bdict->ma_keys));
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *entries = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(bdict->ma_keys);
+            PyObject *res = entries[cache->index].me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            int push_null = oparg & 1;
+            PEEK(0) = NULL;
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_GLOBAL);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_GLOBAL, hit);
+            STACK_GROW(push_null+1);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_FAST) {
+            PyObject *v = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            if (v != NULL) {
+                SETLOCAL(oparg, NULL);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            goto unbound_local_error;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MAKE_CELL) {
+            // "initial" is probably NULL but not if it's an arg (or set
+            // via PyFrame_LocalsToFast() before MAKE_CELL has run).
+            PyObject *initial = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *cell = PyCell_New(initial);
+            if (cell == NULL) {
+                goto resume_with_error;
+            }
+            SETLOCAL(oparg, cell);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DELETE_DEREF) {
+            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
+            if (oldobj != NULL) {
+                PyCell_SET(cell, NULL);
+                Py_DECREF(oldobj);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            format_exc_unbound(tstate, frame->f_code, oparg);
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_CLASSDEREF) {
+            PyObject *name, *value, *locals = LOCALS();
+            assert(locals);
+            assert(oparg >= 0 && oparg < frame->f_code->co_nlocalsplus);
+            name = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(frame->f_code->co_localsplusnames, oparg);
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(locals)) {
+                value = PyDict_GetItemWithError(locals, name);
+                if (value != NULL) {
+                    Py_INCREF(value);
+                }
+                else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                value = PyObject_GetItem(locals, name);
+                if (value == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                }
+            }
+            if (!value) {
+                PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+                value = PyCell_GET(cell);
+                if (value == NULL) {
+                    format_exc_unbound(tstate, frame->f_code, oparg);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                Py_INCREF(value);
+            }
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_DEREF) {
+            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *value = PyCell_GET(cell);
+            if (value == NULL) {
+                format_exc_unbound(tstate, frame->f_code, oparg);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_DEREF) {
+            PyObject *v = POP();
+            PyObject *cell = GETLOCAL(oparg);
+            PyObject *oldobj = PyCell_GET(cell);
+            PyCell_SET(cell, v);
+            Py_XDECREF(oldobj);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COPY_FREE_VARS) {
+            /* Copy closure variables to free variables */
+            PyCodeObject *co = frame->f_code;
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyObject *closure = ((PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj)->func_closure;
+            int offset = co->co_nlocals + co->co_nplaincellvars;
+            assert(oparg == co->co_nfreevars);
+            for (int i = 0; i < oparg; ++i) {
+                PyObject *o = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(closure, i);
+                Py_INCREF(o);
+                frame->localsplus[offset + i] = o;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_STRING) {
+            PyObject *str;
+            str = _PyUnicode_JoinArray(&_Py_STR(empty),
+                                       stack_pointer - oparg, oparg);
+            if (str == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            while (--oparg >= 0) {
+                PyObject *item = POP();
+                Py_DECREF(item);
+            }
+            PUSH(str);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_TUPLE) {
+            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
+            PyObject *tup = _PyTuple_FromArraySteal(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            if (tup == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            PUSH(tup);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_LIST) {
+            PyObject *list =  PyList_New(oparg);
+            if (list == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            while (--oparg >= 0) {
+                PyObject *item = POP();
+                PyList_SET_ITEM(list, oparg, item);
+            }
+            PUSH(list);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LIST_TO_TUPLE) {
+            PyObject *list = POP();
+            PyObject *tuple = PyList_AsTuple(list);
+            Py_DECREF(list);
+            if (tuple == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PUSH(tuple);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LIST_EXTEND) {
+            PyObject *iterable = POP();
+            PyObject *list = PEEK(oparg);
+            PyObject *none_val = _PyList_Extend((PyListObject *)list, iterable);
+            if (none_val == NULL) {
+                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_TypeError) &&
+                   (Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_iter == NULL && !PySequence_Check(iterable)))
+                {
+                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                          "Value after * must be an iterable, not %.200s",
+                          Py_TYPE(iterable)->tp_name);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(iterable);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(none_val);
+            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(SET_UPDATE) {
+            PyObject *iterable = POP();
+            PyObject *set = PEEK(oparg);
+            int err = _PySet_Update(set, iterable);
+            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            if (err < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_SET) {
+            PyObject *set = PySet_New(NULL);
+            int err = 0;
+            int i;
+            if (set == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            for (i = oparg; i > 0; i--) {
+                PyObject *item = PEEK(i);
+                if (err == 0)
+                    err = PySet_Add(set, item);
+                Py_DECREF(item);
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(oparg);
+            if (err != 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(set);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PUSH(set);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_MAP) {
+            PyObject *map = _PyDict_FromItems(
+                    &PEEK(2*oparg), 2,
+                    &PEEK(2*oparg - 1), 2,
+                    oparg);
+            if (map == NULL)
+                goto error;
+
+            while (oparg--) {
+                Py_DECREF(POP());
+                Py_DECREF(POP());
+            }
+            PUSH(map);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(SETUP_ANNOTATIONS) {
+            int err;
+            PyObject *ann_dict;
+            if (LOCALS() == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                              "no locals found when setting up annotations");
+                goto error;
+            }
+            /* check if __annotations__ in locals()... */
+            if (PyDict_CheckExact(LOCALS())) {
+                ann_dict = _PyDict_GetItemWithError(LOCALS(),
+                                                    &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
+                if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                    if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    /* ...if not, create a new one */
+                    ann_dict = PyDict_New();
+                    if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    err = PyDict_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
+                                         ann_dict);
+                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
+                    if (err != 0) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                /* do the same if locals() is not a dict */
+                ann_dict = PyObject_GetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__));
+                if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                    if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_KeyError)) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+                    ann_dict = PyDict_New();
+                    if (ann_dict == NULL) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                    err = PyObject_SetItem(LOCALS(), &_Py_ID(__annotations__),
+                                           ann_dict);
+                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
+                    if (err != 0) {
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    Py_DECREF(ann_dict);
+                }
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP) {
+            PyObject *map;
+            PyObject *keys = TOP();
+            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(keys) ||
+                PyTuple_GET_SIZE(keys) != (Py_ssize_t)oparg) {
+                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                                 "bad BUILD_CONST_KEY_MAP keys argument");
+                goto error;
+            }
+            map = _PyDict_FromItems(
+                    &PyTuple_GET_ITEM(keys, 0), 1,
+                    &PEEK(oparg + 1), 1, oparg);
+            if (map == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            Py_DECREF(POP());
+            while (oparg--) {
+                Py_DECREF(POP());
+            }
+            PUSH(map);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DICT_UPDATE) {
+            PyObject *update = POP();
+            PyObject *dict = PEEK(oparg);
+            if (PyDict_Update(dict, update) < 0) {
+                if (_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_AttributeError)) {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                    "'%.200s' object is not a mapping",
+                                    Py_TYPE(update)->tp_name);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(update);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(update);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(DICT_MERGE) {
+            PyObject *update = POP();
+            PyObject *dict = PEEK(oparg);
+
+            if (_PyDict_MergeEx(dict, update, 2) < 0) {
+                format_kwargs_error(tstate, PEEK(2 + oparg), update);
+                Py_DECREF(update);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(update);
+            PREDICT(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MAP_ADD) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+            PyObject *key = SECOND();
+            PyObject *map;
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            map = PEEK(oparg);                      /* dict */
+            assert(PyDict_CheckExact(map));
+            /* map[key] = value */
+            if (_PyDict_SetItem_Take2((PyDictObject *)map, key, value) != 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PREDICT(JUMP_BACKWARD);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR) {
+            PREDICTED(LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg >> 1);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            if (oparg & 1) {
+                /* Designed to work in tandem with CALL. */
+                PyObject* meth = NULL;
+
+                int meth_found = _PyObject_GetMethod(owner, name, &meth);
+
+                if (meth == NULL) {
+                    /* Most likely attribute wasn't found. */
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                if (meth_found) {
+                    /* We can bypass temporary bound method object.
+                       meth is unbound method and obj is self.
+
+                       meth | self | arg1 | ... | argN
+                     */
+                    SET_TOP(meth);
+                    PUSH(owner);  // self
+                }
+                else {
+                    /* meth is not an unbound method (but a regular attr, or
+                       something was returned by a descriptor protocol).  Set
+                       the second element of the stack to NULL, to signal
+                       CALL that it's not a method call.
+
+                       NULL | meth | arg1 | ... | argN
+                    */
+                    SET_TOP(NULL);
+                    Py_DECREF(owner);
+                    PUSH(meth);
+                }
+                JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            PyObject *res = PyObject_GetAttr(owner, name);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *owner = TOP();
+                PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg>>1);
+                next_instr--;
+                if (_Py_Specialize_LoadAttr(owner, next_instr, name) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(LOAD_ATTR);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(tp->tp_dictoffset < 0);
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
+            res = _PyDictOrValues_GetValues(dorv)->values[cache->index];
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            STACK_GROW((oparg & 1));
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_MODULE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyModule_CheckExact(owner), LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)((PyModuleObject *)owner)->md_dict;
+            assert(dict != NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != read_u32(cache->version),
+                LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(dict->ma_keys->dk_kind == DICT_KEYS_UNICODE);
+            assert(cache->index < dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
+            PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + cache->index;
+            res = ep->me_value;
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            STACK_GROW((oparg & 1));
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
+            DEOPT_IF(_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)_PyDictOrValues_GetDict(dorv);
+            DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg>>1);
+            uint16_t hint = cache->index;
+            DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, LOAD_ATTR);
+            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
+                res = ep->me_value;
+            }
+            else {
+                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, LOAD_ATTR);
+                res = ep->me_value;
+            }
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            STACK_GROW((oparg & 1));
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_SLOT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            char *addr = (char *)owner + cache->index;
+            res = *(PyObject **)addr;
+            DEOPT_IF(res == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            STACK_GROW((oparg & 1));
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_CLASS) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+
+            PyObject *cls = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(cls), LOAD_ATTR);
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(((PyTypeObject *)cls)->tp_version_tag != type_version,
+                LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            STACK_GROW((oparg & 1));
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(cls);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_PROPERTY) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            PyObject *fget = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(fget, &PyFunction_Type));
+            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)fget;
+            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(cache->keys_version);
+            assert(func_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
+            assert(code->co_argcount == 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_INCREF(fget);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            int shrink_stack = !(oparg & 1);
+            STACK_SHRINK(shrink_stack);
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
+            for (int i = 1; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            frame = cframe.current_frame = new_frame;
+            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            goto start_frame;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_GETATTRIBUTE_OVERRIDDEN) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, LOAD_ATTR);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *cls = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            PyObject *getattribute = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(Py_IS_TYPE(getattribute, &PyFunction_Type));
+            PyFunctionObject *f = (PyFunctionObject *)getattribute;
+            uint32_t func_version = read_u32(cache->keys_version);
+            assert(func_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(f->func_version != func_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)f->func_code;
+            assert(code->co_argcount == 2);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg >> 1);
+            Py_INCREF(f);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, f);
+            SET_TOP(NULL);
+            int shrink_stack = !(oparg & 1);
+            STACK_SHRINK(shrink_stack);
+            Py_INCREF(name);
+            new_frame->localsplus[0] = owner;
+            new_frame->localsplus[1] = name;
+            for (int i = 2; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            frame = cframe.current_frame = new_frame;
+            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            goto start_frame;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *owner = TOP();
+                PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+                next_instr--;
+                if (_Py_Specialize_StoreAttr(owner, next_instr, name) < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(STORE_ATTR);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_INSTANCE_VALUE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), STORE_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            Py_ssize_t index = cache->index;
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            PyDictValues *values = _PyDictOrValues_GetValues(dorv);
+            PyObject *old_value = values->values[index];
+            values->values[index] = value;
+            if (old_value == NULL) {
+                _PyDictValues_AddToInsertionOrder(values, index);
+            }
+            else {
+                Py_DECREF(old_value);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_WITH_HINT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
+            assert(tp->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(owner);
+            DEOPT_IF(_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyDictObject *dict = (PyDictObject *)_PyDictOrValues_GetDict(dorv);
+            DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
+            assert(PyDict_CheckExact((PyObject *)dict));
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            uint16_t hint = cache->index;
+            DEOPT_IF(hint >= (size_t)dict->ma_keys->dk_nentries, STORE_ATTR);
+            PyObject *value, *old_value;
+            uint64_t new_version;
+            if (DK_IS_UNICODE(dict->ma_keys)) {
+                PyDictUnicodeEntry *ep = DK_UNICODE_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
+                old_value = ep->me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                value = POP();
+                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
+                ep->me_value = value;
+            }
+            else {
+                PyDictKeyEntry *ep = DK_ENTRIES(dict->ma_keys) + hint;
+                DEOPT_IF(ep->me_key != name, STORE_ATTR);
+                old_value = ep->me_value;
+                DEOPT_IF(old_value == NULL, STORE_ATTR);
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                value = POP();
+                new_version = _PyDict_NotifyEvent(PyDict_EVENT_MODIFIED, dict, name, value);
+                ep->me_value = value;
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(old_value);
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            /* Ensure dict is GC tracked if it needs to be */
+            if (!_PyObject_GC_IS_TRACKED(dict) && _PyObject_GC_MAY_BE_TRACKED(value)) {
+                _PyObject_GC_TRACK(dict);
+            }
+            /* PEP 509 */
+            dict->ma_version_tag = new_version;
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(STORE_ATTR_SLOT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *owner = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *tp = Py_TYPE(owner);
+            _PyAttrCache *cache = (_PyAttrCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_version_tag != type_version, STORE_ATTR);
+            char *addr = (char *)owner + cache->index;
+            STAT_INC(STORE_ATTR, hit);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            PyObject *old_value = *(PyObject **)addr;
+            *(PyObject **)addr = value;
+            Py_XDECREF(old_value);
+            Py_DECREF(owner);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_STORE_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP) {
+            PREDICTED(COMPARE_OP);
+            assert(oparg <= Py_GE);
+            PyObject *right = POP();
+            PyObject *left = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyObject_RichCompare(left, right, oparg);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyCompareOpCache *cache = (_PyCompareOpCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *right = TOP();
+                PyObject *left = SECOND();
+                next_instr--;
+                _Py_Specialize_CompareOp(left, right, next_instr, oparg);
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(COMPARE_OP);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_FLOAT_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (float ? float) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            _PyCompareOpCache *cache = (_PyCompareOpCache *)next_instr;
+            int when_to_jump_mask = cache->mask;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFloat_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            double dleft = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(left);
+            double dright = PyFloat_AS_DOUBLE(right);
+            int sign = (dleft > dright) - (dleft < dright);
+            DEOPT_IF(isnan(dleft), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(isnan(dright), COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyFloat_ExactDealloc);
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
+            int jump = (1 << (sign + 1)) & when_to_jump_mask;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPBY(1 + oparg);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_INT_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (int ? int) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            _PyCompareOpCache *cache = (_PyCompareOpCache *)next_instr;
+            int when_to_jump_mask = cache->mask;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyLong_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF((size_t)(Py_SIZE(left) + 1) > 2, COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF((size_t)(Py_SIZE(right) + 1) > 2, COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            assert(Py_ABS(Py_SIZE(left)) <= 1 && Py_ABS(Py_SIZE(right)) <= 1);
+            Py_ssize_t ileft = Py_SIZE(left) * ((PyLongObject *)left)->ob_digit[0];
+            Py_ssize_t iright = Py_SIZE(right) * ((PyLongObject *)right)->ob_digit[0];
+            int sign = (ileft > iright) - (ileft < iright);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, (destructor)PyObject_Free);
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
+            int jump = (1 << (sign + 1)) & when_to_jump_mask;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPBY(1 + oparg);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COMPARE_OP_STR_JUMP) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            // Combined: COMPARE_OP (str == str or str != str) + POP_JUMP_IF_(true/false)
+            _PyCompareOpCache *cache = (_PyCompareOpCache *)next_instr;
+            int invert = cache->mask;
+            PyObject *right = TOP();
+            PyObject *left = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(left), COMPARE_OP);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyUnicode_CheckExact(right), COMPARE_OP);
+            STAT_INC(COMPARE_OP, hit);
+            int res = _PyUnicode_Equal(left, right);
+            assert(oparg == Py_EQ || oparg == Py_NE);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_COMPARE_OP);
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            assert(opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE || opcode == POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(left, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            _Py_DECREF_SPECIALIZED(right, _PyUnicode_ExactDealloc);
+            assert(res == 0 || res == 1);
+            assert(invert == 0 || invert == 1);
+            int jump = res ^ invert;
+            if (!jump) {
+                next_instr++;
+            }
+            else {
+                JUMPBY(1 + oparg);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(IS_OP) {
+            PyObject *right = POP();
+            PyObject *left = TOP();
+            int res = Py_Is(left, right) ^ oparg;
+            PyObject *b = res ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            Py_INCREF(b);
+            SET_TOP(b);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CONTAINS_OP) {
+            PyObject *right = POP();
+            PyObject *left = POP();
+            int res = PySequence_Contains(right, left);
+            Py_DECREF(left);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            if (res < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *b = (res^oparg) ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            Py_INCREF(b);
+            PUSH(b);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CHECK_EG_MATCH) {
+            PyObject *match_type = POP();
+            if (check_except_star_type_valid(tstate, match_type) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(match_type);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            PyObject *exc_value = TOP();
+            PyObject *match = NULL, *rest = NULL;
+            int res = exception_group_match(exc_value, match_type,
+                                            &match, &rest);
+            Py_DECREF(match_type);
+            if (res < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            if (match == NULL || rest == NULL) {
+                assert(match == NULL);
+                assert(rest == NULL);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if (Py_IsNone(match)) {
+                PUSH(match);
+                Py_XDECREF(rest);
+            }
+            else {
+                /* Total or partial match - update the stack from
+                 * [val]
+                 * to
+                 * [rest, match]
+                 * (rest can be Py_None)
+                 */
+
+                SET_TOP(rest);
+                PUSH(match);
+                PyErr_SetExcInfo(NULL, Py_NewRef(match), NULL);
+                Py_DECREF(exc_value);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CHECK_EXC_MATCH) {
+            PyObject *right = POP();
+            PyObject *left = TOP();
+            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(left));
+            if (check_except_type_valid(tstate, right) < 0) {
+                 Py_DECREF(right);
+                 goto error;
+            }
+
+            int res = PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches(left, right);
+            Py_DECREF(right);
+            PUSH(Py_NewRef(res ? Py_True : Py_False));
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(IMPORT_NAME) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *fromlist = POP();
+            PyObject *level = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            res = import_name(tstate, frame, name, fromlist, level);
+            Py_DECREF(level);
+            Py_DECREF(fromlist);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(IMPORT_STAR) {
+            PyObject *from = POP(), *locals;
+            int err;
+            if (_PyFrame_FastToLocalsWithError(frame) < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(from);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            locals = LOCALS();
+            if (locals == NULL) {
+                _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                                 "no locals found during 'import *'");
+                Py_DECREF(from);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            err = import_all_from(tstate, locals, from);
+            _PyFrame_LocalsToFast(frame, 0);
+            Py_DECREF(from);
+            if (err != 0)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(IMPORT_FROM) {
+            PyObject *name = GETITEM(names, oparg);
+            PyObject *from = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            res = import_from(tstate, from, name);
+            PUSH(res);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(JUMP_FORWARD) {
+            JUMPBY(oparg);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD) {
+            PREDICTED(JUMP_BACKWARD);
+            assert(oparg < INSTR_OFFSET());
+            JUMPBY(-oparg);
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE) {
+            PREDICTED(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            PyObject *cond = POP();
+            if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+            }
+            else if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            }
+            else {
+                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
+                Py_DECREF(cond);
+                if (err > 0)
+                    ;
+                else if (err == 0) {
+                    JUMPBY(oparg);
+                }
+                else
+                    goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_TRUE) {
+            PyObject *cond = POP();
+            if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+            }
+            else if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            }
+            else {
+                int err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
+                Py_DECREF(cond);
+                if (err > 0) {
+                    JUMPBY(oparg);
+                }
+                else if (err == 0)
+                    ;
+                else
+                    goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NOT_NONE) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            if (!Py_IsNone(value)) {
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(value);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(POP_JUMP_IF_NONE) {
+            PyObject *value = POP();
+            if (Py_IsNone(value)) {
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(value);
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            }
+            else {
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(JUMP_IF_FALSE_OR_POP) {
+            PyObject *cond = TOP();
+            int err;
+            if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
+            if (err > 0) {
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                Py_DECREF(cond);
+            }
+            else if (err == 0)
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            else
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP) {
+            PyObject *cond = TOP();
+            int err;
+            if (Py_IsFalse(cond)) {
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                _Py_DECREF_NO_DEALLOC(cond);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            if (Py_IsTrue(cond)) {
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            err = PyObject_IsTrue(cond);
+            if (err > 0) {
+                JUMPBY(oparg);
+            }
+            else if (err == 0) {
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                Py_DECREF(cond);
+            }
+            else
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(JUMP_BACKWARD_NO_INTERRUPT) {
+            /* This bytecode is used in the `yield from` or `await` loop.
+             * If there is an interrupt, we want it handled in the innermost
+             * generator or coroutine, so we deliberately do not check it here.
+             * (see bpo-30039).
+             */
+            JUMPBY(-oparg);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_LEN) {
+            // PUSH(len(TOS))
+            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(TOP());
+            if (len_i < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *len_o = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            if (len_o == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PUSH(len_o);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MATCH_CLASS) {
+            // Pop TOS and TOS1. Set TOS to a tuple of attributes on success, or
+            // None on failure.
+            PyObject *names = POP();
+            PyObject *type = POP();
+            PyObject *subject = TOP();
+            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(names));
+            PyObject *attrs = match_class(tstate, subject, type, oparg, names);
+            Py_DECREF(names);
+            Py_DECREF(type);
+            if (attrs) {
+                // Success!
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(attrs));
+                SET_TOP(attrs);
+            }
+            else if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                // Error!
+                goto error;
+            }
+            else {
+                // Failure!
+                Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+                SET_TOP(Py_None);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(subject);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MATCH_MAPPING) {
+            PyObject *subject = TOP();
+            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MAPPING;
+            PyObject *res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            PUSH(res);
+            PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MATCH_SEQUENCE) {
+            PyObject *subject = TOP();
+            int match = Py_TYPE(subject)->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_SEQUENCE;
+            PyObject *res = match ? Py_True : Py_False;
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            PUSH(res);
+            PREDICT(POP_JUMP_IF_FALSE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MATCH_KEYS) {
+            // On successful match, PUSH(values). Otherwise, PUSH(None).
+            PyObject *keys = TOP();
+            PyObject *subject = SECOND();
+            PyObject *values_or_none = match_keys(tstate, subject, keys);
+            if (values_or_none == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PUSH(values_or_none);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_ITER) {
+            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
+            PyObject *iterable = TOP();
+            PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
+            Py_DECREF(iterable);
+            SET_TOP(iter);
+            if (iter == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(GET_YIELD_FROM_ITER) {
+            /* before: [obj]; after [getiter(obj)] */
+            PyObject *iterable = TOP();
+            PyObject *iter;
+            if (PyCoro_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+                /* `iterable` is a coroutine */
+                if (!(frame->f_code->co_flags & (CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE))) {
+                    /* and it is used in a 'yield from' expression of a
+                       regular generator. */
+                    Py_DECREF(iterable);
+                    SET_TOP(NULL);
+                    _PyErr_SetString(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                     "cannot 'yield from' a coroutine object "
+                                     "in a non-coroutine generator");
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!PyGen_CheckExact(iterable)) {
+                /* `iterable` is not a generator. */
+                iter = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
+                Py_DECREF(iterable);
+                SET_TOP(iter);
+                if (iter == NULL)
+                    goto error;
+            }
+            PREDICT(LOAD_CONST);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(FOR_ITER) {
+            PREDICTED(FOR_ITER);
+            /* before: [iter]; after: [iter, iter()] *or* [] */
+            PyObject *iter = TOP();
+            PyObject *next = (*Py_TYPE(iter)->tp_iternext)(iter);
+            if (next != NULL) {
+                PUSH(next);
+                JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            if (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                if (!_PyErr_ExceptionMatches(tstate, PyExc_StopIteration)) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                else if (tstate->c_tracefunc != NULL) {
+                    call_exc_trace(tstate->c_tracefunc, tstate->c_traceobj, tstate, frame);
+                }
+                _PyErr_Clear(tstate);
+            }
+            /* iterator ended normally */
+            assert(_Py_OPCODE(next_instr[INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg]) == END_FOR);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            Py_DECREF(iter);
+            /* Skip END_FOR */
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg + 1);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(FOR_ITER_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyForIterCache *cache = (_PyForIterCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                next_instr--;
+                _Py_Specialize_ForIter(TOP(), next_instr);
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(FOR_ITER);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(FOR_ITER_LIST) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyListIterObject *it = (_PyListIterObject *)TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(it) != &PyListIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
+            STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
+            PyListObject *seq = it->it_seq;
+            if (seq) {
+                if (it->it_index < PyList_GET_SIZE(seq)) {
+                    PyObject *next = PyList_GET_ITEM(seq, it->it_index++);
+                    Py_INCREF(next);
+                    PUSH(next);
+                    JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER);
+                    DISPATCH();
+                }
+                it->it_seq = NULL;
+                Py_DECREF(seq);
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            Py_DECREF(it);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg + 1);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(FOR_ITER_RANGE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyRangeIterObject *r = (_PyRangeIterObject *)TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(r) != &PyRangeIter_Type, FOR_ITER);
+            STAT_INC(FOR_ITER, hit);
+            _Py_CODEUNIT next = next_instr[INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER];
+            assert(_PyOpcode_Deopt[_Py_OPCODE(next)] == STORE_FAST);
+            if (r->index >= r->len) {
+                STACK_SHRINK(1);
+                Py_DECREF(r);
+                JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + oparg + 1);
+                DISPATCH();
+            }
+            long value = (long)(r->start +
+                                (unsigned long)(r->index++) * r->step);
+            if (_PyLong_AssignValue(&GETLOCAL(_Py_OPARG(next)), value) < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            // The STORE_FAST is already done.
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_FOR_ITER + 1);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BEFORE_ASYNC_WITH) {
+            PyObject *mgr = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aenter__));
+            if (enter == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol",
+                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
+                }
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__aexit__));
+            if (exit == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                                  "asynchronous context manager protocol "
+                                  "(missed __aexit__ method)",
+                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(enter);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            SET_TOP(exit);
+            Py_DECREF(mgr);
+            res = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
+            Py_DECREF(enter);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            PUSH(res);
+            PREDICT(GET_AWAITABLE);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BEFORE_WITH) {
+            PyObject *mgr = TOP();
+            PyObject *res;
+            PyObject *enter = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__enter__));
+            if (enter == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                                  "context manager protocol",
+                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
+                }
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *exit = _PyObject_LookupSpecial(mgr, &_Py_ID(__exit__));
+            if (exit == NULL) {
+                if (!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate)) {
+                    _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_TypeError,
+                                  "'%.200s' object does not support the "
+                                  "context manager protocol "
+                                  "(missed __exit__ method)",
+                                  Py_TYPE(mgr)->tp_name);
+                }
+                Py_DECREF(enter);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            SET_TOP(exit);
+            Py_DECREF(mgr);
+            res = _PyObject_CallNoArgs(enter);
+            Py_DECREF(enter);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PUSH(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(WITH_EXCEPT_START) {
+            /* At the top of the stack are 4 values:
+               - TOP = exc_info()
+               - SECOND = previous exception
+               - THIRD: lasti of exception in exc_info()
+               - FOURTH: the context.__exit__ bound method
+               We call FOURTH(type(TOP), TOP, GetTraceback(TOP)).
+               Then we push the __exit__ return value.
+            */
+            PyObject *exit_func;
+            PyObject *exc, *val, *tb, *res;
+
+            val = TOP();
+            assert(val && PyExceptionInstance_Check(val));
+            exc = PyExceptionInstance_Class(val);
+            tb = PyException_GetTraceback(val);
+            Py_XDECREF(tb);
+            assert(PyLong_Check(PEEK(3)));
+            exit_func = PEEK(4);
+            PyObject *stack[4] = {NULL, exc, val, tb};
+            res = PyObject_Vectorcall(exit_func, stack + 1,
+                    3 | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET, NULL);
+            if (res == NULL)
+                goto error;
+
+            PUSH(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(PUSH_EXC_INFO) {
+            PyObject *value = TOP();
+
+            _PyErr_StackItem *exc_info = tstate->exc_info;
+            if (exc_info->exc_value != NULL) {
+                SET_TOP(exc_info->exc_value);
+            }
+            else {
+                Py_INCREF(Py_None);
+                SET_TOP(Py_None);
+            }
+
+            Py_INCREF(value);
+            PUSH(value);
+            assert(PyExceptionInstance_Check(value));
+            exc_info->exc_value = value;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_VALUES) {
+            /* Cached method object */
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *self = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *self_cls = Py_TYPE(self);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            assert(type_version != 0);
+            DEOPT_IF(self_cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(self_cls->tp_flags & Py_TPFLAGS_MANAGED_DICT);
+            PyDictOrValues dorv = *_PyObject_DictOrValuesPointer(self);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyDictOrValues_IsValues(dorv), LOAD_ATTR);
+            PyHeapTypeObject *self_heap_type = (PyHeapTypeObject *)self_cls;
+            DEOPT_IF(self_heap_type->ht_cached_keys->dk_version !=
+                     read_u32(cache->keys_version), LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(res), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            PUSH(self);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_WITH_DICT) {
+            /* Can be either a managed dict, or a tp_dictoffset offset.*/
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *self = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *self_cls = Py_TYPE(self);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+
+            DEOPT_IF(self_cls->tp_version_tag != read_u32(cache->type_version),
+                     LOAD_ATTR);
+            /* Treat index as a signed 16 bit value */
+            Py_ssize_t dictoffset = self_cls->tp_dictoffset;
+            assert(dictoffset > 0);
+            PyDictObject **dictptr = (PyDictObject**)(((char *)self)+dictoffset);
+            PyDictObject *dict = *dictptr;
+            DEOPT_IF(dict == NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            DEOPT_IF(dict->ma_keys->dk_version != read_u32(cache->keys_version),
+                     LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(res), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            PUSH(self);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_NO_DICT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *self = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *self_cls = Py_TYPE(self);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(self_cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            assert(self_cls->tp_dictoffset == 0);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(res), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            PUSH(self);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(LOAD_ATTR_METHOD_LAZY_DICT) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            PyObject *self = TOP();
+            PyTypeObject *self_cls = Py_TYPE(self);
+            _PyLoadMethodCache *cache = (_PyLoadMethodCache *)next_instr;
+            uint32_t type_version = read_u32(cache->type_version);
+            DEOPT_IF(self_cls->tp_version_tag != type_version, LOAD_ATTR);
+            Py_ssize_t dictoffset = self_cls->tp_dictoffset;
+            assert(dictoffset > 0);
+            PyObject *dict = *(PyObject **)((char *)self + dictoffset);
+            /* This object has a __dict__, just not yet created */
+            DEOPT_IF(dict != NULL, LOAD_ATTR);
+            STAT_INC(LOAD_ATTR, hit);
+            PyObject *res = read_obj(cache->descr);
+            assert(res != NULL);
+            assert(_PyType_HasFeature(Py_TYPE(res), Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR));
+            Py_INCREF(res);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            PUSH(self);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_LOAD_ATTR);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_BOUND_METHOD_EXACT_ARGS) {
+            DEOPT_IF(is_method(stack_pointer, oparg), CALL);
+            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(Py_TYPE(function) != &PyMethod_Type, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            PyObject *meth = ((PyMethodObject *)function)->im_func;
+            PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)function)->im_self;
+            Py_INCREF(meth);
+            Py_INCREF(self);
+            PEEK(oparg + 1) = self;
+            PEEK(oparg + 2) = meth;
+            Py_DECREF(function);
+            GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS);
+        }
+
+        TARGET(KW_NAMES) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(oparg < PyTuple_GET_SIZE(consts));
+            call_shape.kwnames = GETITEM(consts, oparg);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL) {
+            PREDICTED(CALL);
+            int total_args, is_meth;
+            is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            PyObject *function = PEEK(oparg + 1);
+            if (!is_meth && Py_TYPE(function) == &PyMethod_Type) {
+                PyObject *meth = ((PyMethodObject *)function)->im_func;
+                PyObject *self = ((PyMethodObject *)function)->im_self;
+                Py_INCREF(meth);
+                Py_INCREF(self);
+                PEEK(oparg+1) = self;
+                PEEK(oparg+2) = meth;
+                Py_DECREF(function);
+                is_meth = 1;
+            }
+            total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            function = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            int positional_args = total_args - KWNAMES_LEN();
+            // Check if the call can be inlined or not
+            if (Py_TYPE(function) == &PyFunction_Type &&
+                tstate->interp->eval_frame == NULL &&
+                ((PyFunctionObject *)function)->vectorcall == _PyFunction_Vectorcall)
+            {
+                int code_flags = ((PyCodeObject*)PyFunction_GET_CODE(function))->co_flags;
+                PyObject *locals = code_flags & CO_OPTIMIZED ? NULL : Py_NewRef(PyFunction_GET_GLOBALS(function));
+                STACK_SHRINK(total_args);
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyEvalFramePushAndInit(
+                    tstate, (PyFunctionObject *)function, locals,
+                    stack_pointer, positional_args, call_shape.kwnames
+                );
+                call_shape.kwnames = NULL;
+                STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+                // The frame has stolen all the arguments from the stack,
+                // so there is no need to clean them up.
+                if (new_frame == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+                JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+                frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+                new_frame->previous = frame;
+                cframe.current_frame = frame = new_frame;
+                CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+                goto start_frame;
+            }
+            /* Callable is not a normal Python function */
+            PyObject *res;
+            if (cframe.use_tracing) {
+                res = trace_call_function(
+                    tstate, function, stack_pointer-total_args,
+                    positional_args, call_shape.kwnames);
+            }
+            else {
+                res = PyObject_Vectorcall(
+                    function, stack_pointer-total_args,
+                    positional_args | PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET,
+                    call_shape.kwnames);
+            }
+            call_shape.kwnames = NULL;
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            Py_DECREF(function);
+            /* Clear the stack */
+            STACK_SHRINK(total_args);
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            PUSH(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_ADAPTIVE) {
+            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                next_instr--;
+                int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+                int nargs = oparg + is_meth;
+                PyObject *callable = PEEK(nargs + 1);
+                int err = _Py_Specialize_Call(callable, next_instr, nargs,
+                                              call_shape.kwnames);
+                if (err < 0) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(CALL, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(CALL);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS) {
+            PREDICTED(CALL_PY_EXACT_ARGS);
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
+            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)next_instr;
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int argcount = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(argcount + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+            DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != read_u32(cache->func_version), CALL);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+            DEOPT_IF(code->co_argcount != argcount, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func);
+            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            STACK_SHRINK(argcount);
+            for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = stack_pointer[i];
+            }
+            for (int i = argcount; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            frame = cframe.current_frame = new_frame;
+            goto start_frame;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_PY_WITH_DEFAULTS) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            DEOPT_IF(tstate->interp->eval_frame, CALL);
+            _PyCallCache *cache = (_PyCallCache *)next_instr;
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int argcount = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(argcount + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyFunction_Check(callable), CALL);
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)callable;
+            DEOPT_IF(func->func_version != read_u32(cache->func_version), CALL);
+            PyCodeObject *code = (PyCodeObject *)func->func_code;
+            DEOPT_IF(argcount > code->co_argcount, CALL);
+            int minargs = cache->min_args;
+            DEOPT_IF(argcount < minargs, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!_PyThreadState_HasStackSpace(tstate, code->co_framesize), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *new_frame = _PyFrame_PushUnchecked(tstate, func);
+            CALL_STAT_INC(inlined_py_calls);
+            STACK_SHRINK(argcount);
+            for (int i = 0; i < argcount; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = stack_pointer[i];
+            }
+            for (int i = argcount; i < code->co_argcount; i++) {
+                PyObject *def = PyTuple_GET_ITEM(func->func_defaults,
+                                                 i - minargs);
+                Py_INCREF(def);
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = def;
+            }
+            for (int i = code->co_argcount; i < code->co_nlocalsplus; i++) {
+                new_frame->localsplus[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            frame->prev_instr = next_instr - 1;
+            new_frame->previous = frame;
+            frame = cframe.current_frame = new_frame;
+            goto start_frame;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_TYPE_1) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(oparg == 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(is_method(stack_pointer, 1), CALL);
+            PyObject *obj = TOP();
+            PyObject *callable = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyType_Type, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyObject *res = Py_NewRef(Py_TYPE(obj));
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            Py_DECREF(obj);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_STR_1) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(oparg == 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(is_method(stack_pointer, 1), CALL);
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(2);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyUnicode_Type, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyObject *arg = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PyObject_Str(arg);
+            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            Py_DECREF(&PyUnicode_Type);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_TUPLE_1) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(oparg == 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(is_method(stack_pointer, 1), CALL);
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(2);
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != (PyObject *)&PyTuple_Type, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyObject *arg = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = PySequence_Tuple(arg);
+            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            Py_DECREF(&PyTuple_Type);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_CLASS) {
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            int kwnames_len = KWNAMES_LEN();
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyType_Check(callable), CALL);
+            PyTypeObject *tp = (PyTypeObject *)callable;
+            DEOPT_IF(tp->tp_vectorcall == NULL, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            STACK_SHRINK(total_args);
+            PyObject *res = tp->tp_vectorcall((PyObject *)tp, stack_pointer,
+                                              total_args-kwnames_len, call_shape.kwnames);
+            call_shape.kwnames = NULL;
+            /* Free the arguments. */
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(tp);
+            STACK_SHRINK(1-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_BUILTIN_O) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            /* Builtin METH_O functions */
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_O, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
+            // function calls.
+            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *arg = TOP();
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable), arg);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+
+            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_BUILTIN_FAST) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL functions, without keywords */
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) != METH_FASTCALL,
+                CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+            STACK_SHRINK(total_args);
+            /* res = func(self, args, nargs) */
+            PyObject *res = ((_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))cfunc)(
+                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
+                stack_pointer,
+                total_args);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+
+            /* Free the arguments. */
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            PUSH(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                /* Not deopting because this doesn't mean our optimization was
+                   wrong. `res` can be NULL for valid reasons. Eg. getattr(x,
+                   'invalid'). In those cases an exception is set, so we must
+                   handle it.
+                */
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_BUILTIN_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS functions */
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyCFunction_CheckExact(callable), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(PyCFunction_GET_FLAGS(callable) !=
+                (METH_FASTCALL | METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            STACK_SHRINK(total_args);
+            /* res = func(self, args, nargs, kwnames) */
+            _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
+                (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))
+                PyCFunction_GET_FUNCTION(callable);
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(
+                PyCFunction_GET_SELF(callable),
+                stack_pointer,
+                total_args - KWNAMES_LEN(),
+                call_shape.kwnames
+            );
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            call_shape.kwnames = NULL;
+
+            /* Free the arguments. */
+            for (int i = 0; i < total_args; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            PUSH(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_LEN) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            /* len(o) */
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.len, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyObject *arg = TOP();
+            Py_ssize_t len_i = PyObject_Length(arg);
+            if (len_i < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *res = PyLong_FromSsize_t(len_i);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_ISINSTANCE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            /* isinstance(o, o2) */
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.isinstance, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyObject *cls = POP();
+            PyObject *inst = TOP();
+            int retval = PyObject_IsInstance(inst, cls);
+            if (retval < 0) {
+                Py_DECREF(cls);
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *res = PyBool_FromLong(retval);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(inst);
+            Py_DECREF(cls);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_LIST_APPEND) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(oparg == 1);
+            PyObject *callable = PEEK(3);
+            PyInterpreterState *interp = _PyInterpreterState_GET();
+            DEOPT_IF(callable != interp->callable_cache.list_append, CALL);
+            PyObject *list = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!PyList_Check(list), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            // CALL + POP_TOP
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL + 1);
+            assert(_Py_OPCODE(next_instr[-1]) == POP_TOP);
+            PyObject *arg = POP();
+            if (_PyList_AppendTakeRef((PyListObject *)list, arg) < 0) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            STACK_SHRINK(2);
+            Py_DECREF(list);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_O) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *callable =
+                (PyMethodDescrObject *)PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 2, CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(callable, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
+            PyMethodDef *meth = callable->d_method;
+            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_O, CALL);
+            PyObject *arg = TOP();
+            PyObject *self = SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, callable->d_common.d_type), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
+            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
+            // function calls.
+            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(self, arg);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            Py_DECREF(arg);
+            STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 1);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST_WITH_KEYWORDS) {
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *callable =
+                (PyMethodDescrObject *)PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(callable, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
+            PyMethodDef *meth = callable->d_method;
+            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != (METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS), CALL);
+            PyTypeObject *d_type = callable->d_common.d_type;
+            PyObject *self = PEEK(total_args);
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, d_type), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            int nargs = total_args-1;
+            STACK_SHRINK(nargs);
+            _PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords cfunc =
+                (_PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(self, stack_pointer, nargs - KWNAMES_LEN(),
+                                  call_shape.kwnames);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            call_shape.kwnames = NULL;
+
+            /* Free the arguments. */
+            for (int i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_NOARGS) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            assert(oparg == 0 || oparg == 1);
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            DEOPT_IF(total_args != 1, CALL);
+            PyMethodDescrObject *callable = (PyMethodDescrObject *)SECOND();
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(callable, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
+            PyMethodDef *meth = callable->d_method;
+            PyObject *self = TOP();
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, callable->d_common.d_type), CALL);
+            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_NOARGS, CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            PyCFunction cfunc = meth->ml_meth;
+            // This is slower but CPython promises to check all non-vectorcall
+            // function calls.
+            if (_Py_EnterRecursiveCallTstate(tstate, " while calling a Python object")) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(self, NULL);
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            STACK_SHRINK(oparg + 1);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_NO_KW_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR_FAST) {
+            assert(call_shape.kwnames == NULL);
+            int is_meth = is_method(stack_pointer, oparg);
+            int total_args = oparg + is_meth;
+            PyMethodDescrObject *callable =
+                (PyMethodDescrObject *)PEEK(total_args + 1);
+            /* Builtin METH_FASTCALL methods, without keywords */
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(callable, &PyMethodDescr_Type), CALL);
+            PyMethodDef *meth = callable->d_method;
+            DEOPT_IF(meth->ml_flags != METH_FASTCALL, CALL);
+            PyObject *self = PEEK(total_args);
+            DEOPT_IF(!Py_IS_TYPE(self, callable->d_common.d_type), CALL);
+            STAT_INC(CALL, hit);
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_CALL);
+            _PyCFunctionFast cfunc =
+                (_PyCFunctionFast)(void(*)(void))meth->ml_meth;
+            int nargs = total_args-1;
+            STACK_SHRINK(nargs);
+            PyObject *res = cfunc(self, stack_pointer, nargs);
+            assert((res != NULL) ^ (_PyErr_Occurred(tstate) != NULL));
+            /* Clear the stack of the arguments. */
+            for (int i = 0; i < nargs; i++) {
+                Py_DECREF(stack_pointer[i]);
+            }
+            Py_DECREF(self);
+            STACK_SHRINK(2-is_meth);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            Py_DECREF(callable);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CALL_FUNCTION_EX) {
+            PREDICTED(CALL_FUNCTION_EX);
+            PyObject *func, *callargs, *kwargs = NULL, *result;
+            if (oparg & 0x01) {
+                kwargs = POP();
+                // DICT_MERGE is called before this opcode if there are kwargs.
+                // It converts all dict subtypes in kwargs into regular dicts.
+                assert(PyDict_CheckExact(kwargs));
+            }
+            callargs = POP();
+            func = TOP();
+            if (!PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs)) {
+                if (check_args_iterable(tstate, func, callargs) < 0) {
+                    Py_DECREF(callargs);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                Py_SETREF(callargs, PySequence_Tuple(callargs));
+                if (callargs == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+            assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(callargs));
+
+            result = do_call_core(tstate, func, callargs, kwargs, cframe.use_tracing);
+            Py_DECREF(func);
+            Py_DECREF(callargs);
+            Py_XDECREF(kwargs);
+
+            STACK_SHRINK(1);
+            assert(TOP() == NULL);
+            SET_TOP(result);
+            if (result == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            CHECK_EVAL_BREAKER();
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(MAKE_FUNCTION) {
+            PyObject *codeobj = POP();
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)
+                PyFunction_New(codeobj, GLOBALS());
+
+            Py_DECREF(codeobj);
+            if (func == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            if (oparg & 0x08) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
+                func->func_closure = POP();
+            }
+            if (oparg & 0x04) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
+                func->func_annotations = POP();
+            }
+            if (oparg & 0x02) {
+                assert(PyDict_CheckExact(TOP()));
+                func->func_kwdefaults = POP();
+            }
+            if (oparg & 0x01) {
+                assert(PyTuple_CheckExact(TOP()));
+                func->func_defaults = POP();
+            }
+
+            PUSH((PyObject *)func);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(RETURN_GENERATOR) {
+            assert(PyFunction_Check(frame->f_funcobj));
+            PyFunctionObject *func = (PyFunctionObject *)frame->f_funcobj;
+            PyGenObject *gen = (PyGenObject *)_Py_MakeCoro(func);
+            if (gen == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            assert(EMPTY());
+            _PyFrame_SetStackPointer(frame, stack_pointer);
+            _PyInterpreterFrame *gen_frame = (_PyInterpreterFrame *)gen->gi_iframe;
+            _PyFrame_Copy(frame, gen_frame);
+            assert(frame->frame_obj == NULL);
+            gen->gi_frame_state = FRAME_CREATED;
+            gen_frame->owner = FRAME_OWNED_BY_GENERATOR;
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallPy(tstate);
+            if (!frame->is_entry) {
+                _PyInterpreterFrame *prev = frame->previous;
+                _PyThreadState_PopFrame(tstate, frame);
+                frame = cframe.current_frame = prev;
+                _PyFrame_StackPush(frame, (PyObject *)gen);
+                goto resume_frame;
+            }
+            _Py_LeaveRecursiveCallTstate(tstate);
+            /* Make sure that frame is in a valid state */
+            frame->stacktop = 0;
+            frame->f_locals = NULL;
+            Py_INCREF(frame->f_funcobj);
+            Py_INCREF(frame->f_code);
+            /* Restore previous cframe and return. */
+            tstate->cframe = cframe.previous;
+            tstate->cframe->use_tracing = cframe.use_tracing;
+            assert(tstate->cframe->current_frame == frame->previous);
+            assert(!_PyErr_Occurred(tstate));
+            return (PyObject *)gen;
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BUILD_SLICE) {
+            PyObject *start, *stop, *step, *slice;
+            if (oparg == 3)
+                step = POP();
+            else
+                step = NULL;
+            stop = POP();
+            start = TOP();
+            slice = PySlice_New(start, stop, step);
+            Py_DECREF(start);
+            Py_DECREF(stop);
+            Py_XDECREF(step);
+            SET_TOP(slice);
+            if (slice == NULL)
+                goto error;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(FORMAT_VALUE) {
+            /* Handles f-string value formatting. */
+            PyObject *result;
+            PyObject *fmt_spec;
+            PyObject *value;
+            PyObject *(*conv_fn)(PyObject *);
+            int which_conversion = oparg & FVC_MASK;
+            int have_fmt_spec = (oparg & FVS_MASK) == FVS_HAVE_SPEC;
+
+            fmt_spec = have_fmt_spec ? POP() : NULL;
+            value = POP();
+
+            /* See if any conversion is specified. */
+            switch (which_conversion) {
+            case FVC_NONE:  conv_fn = NULL;           break;
+            case FVC_STR:   conv_fn = PyObject_Str;   break;
+            case FVC_REPR:  conv_fn = PyObject_Repr;  break;
+            case FVC_ASCII: conv_fn = PyObject_ASCII; break;
+            default:
+                _PyErr_Format(tstate, PyExc_SystemError,
+                              "unexpected conversion flag %d",
+                              which_conversion);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            /* If there's a conversion function, call it and replace
+               value with that result. Otherwise, just use value,
+               without conversion. */
+            if (conv_fn != NULL) {
+                result = conv_fn(value);
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+                if (result == NULL) {
+                    Py_XDECREF(fmt_spec);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                value = result;
+            }
+
+            /* If value is a unicode object, and there's no fmt_spec,
+               then we know the result of format(value) is value
+               itself. In that case, skip calling format(). I plan to
+               move this optimization in to PyObject_Format()
+               itself. */
+            if (PyUnicode_CheckExact(value) && fmt_spec == NULL) {
+                /* Do nothing, just transfer ownership to result. */
+                result = value;
+            } else {
+                /* Actually call format(). */
+                result = PyObject_Format(value, fmt_spec);
+                Py_DECREF(value);
+                Py_XDECREF(fmt_spec);
+                if (result == NULL) {
+                    goto error;
+                }
+            }
+
+            PUSH(result);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(COPY) {
+            assert(oparg != 0);
+            PyObject *peek = PEEK(oparg);
+            Py_INCREF(peek);
+            PUSH(peek);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP) {
+            PREDICTED(BINARY_OP);
+            PyObject *rhs = POP();
+            PyObject *lhs = TOP();
+            assert(0 <= oparg);
+            assert((unsigned)oparg < Py_ARRAY_LENGTH(binary_ops));
+            assert(binary_ops[oparg]);
+            PyObject *res = binary_ops[oparg](lhs, rhs);
+            Py_DECREF(lhs);
+            Py_DECREF(rhs);
+            SET_TOP(res);
+            if (res == NULL) {
+                goto error;
+            }
+            JUMPBY(INLINE_CACHE_ENTRIES_BINARY_OP);
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(BINARY_OP_ADAPTIVE) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            _PyBinaryOpCache *cache = (_PyBinaryOpCache *)next_instr;
+            if (ADAPTIVE_COUNTER_IS_ZERO(cache)) {
+                PyObject *lhs = SECOND();
+                PyObject *rhs = TOP();
+                next_instr--;
+                _Py_Specialize_BinaryOp(lhs, rhs, next_instr, oparg, &GETLOCAL(0));
+                DISPATCH_SAME_OPARG();
+            }
+            else {
+                STAT_INC(BINARY_OP, deferred);
+                DECREMENT_ADAPTIVE_COUNTER(cache);
+                GO_TO_INSTRUCTION(BINARY_OP);
+            }
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(SWAP) {
+            assert(oparg != 0);
+            PyObject *top = TOP();
+            SET_TOP(PEEK(oparg));
+            PEEK(oparg) = top;
+            DISPATCH();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(EXTENDED_ARG) {
+            assert(oparg);
+            oparg <<= 8;
+            oparg |= _Py_OPARG(*next_instr);
+            // We might be tracing. To avoid breaking tracing guarantees in
+            // quickened instructions, always deoptimize the next opcode:
+            opcode = _PyOpcode_Deopt[_Py_OPCODE(*next_instr)];
+            PRE_DISPATCH_GOTO();
+            // CPython hasn't traced the following instruction historically
+            // (DO_TRACING would clobber our extended oparg anyways), so just
+            // skip our usual cframe.use_tracing check before dispatch. Also,
+            // make sure the next instruction isn't a RESUME, since that needs
+            // to trace properly (and shouldn't have an extended arg anyways):
+            assert(opcode != RESUME);
+            DISPATCH_GOTO();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(EXTENDED_ARG_QUICK) {
+            assert(cframe.use_tracing == 0);
+            assert(oparg);
+            int oldoparg = oparg;
+            NEXTOPARG();
+            oparg |= oldoparg << 8;
+            DISPATCH_GOTO();
+        }
+
+        TARGET(CACHE) {
+            Py_UNREACHABLE();
+        }