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| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/includes/turtle-star.py | 10 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/turtle-star.pdf | bin | 0 -> 4418 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/turtle-star.png | bin | 0 -> 39585 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/turtle-star.ps | 447 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/turtle.rst | 10 |
5 files changed, 467 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/includes/turtle-star.py b/Doc/includes/turtle-star.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1a5db76 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/includes/turtle-star.py @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +from turtle import * +color('red', 'yellow') +begin_fill() +while True: + forward(200) + left(170) + if abs(pos()) < 1: + break +end_fill() +done() diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle-star.pdf b/Doc/library/turtle-star.pdf Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e354073 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/library/turtle-star.pdf diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle-star.png b/Doc/library/turtle-star.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..caf36a3 --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/library/turtle-star.png diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle-star.ps b/Doc/library/turtle-star.ps new file mode 100644 index 0000000..46362cb --- /dev/null +++ b/Doc/library/turtle-star.ps @@ -0,0 +1,447 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 +%%Creator: Tk Canvas Widget +%%For: Alexander Belopolsky +%%Title: Window .4315905424 +%%CreationDate: Tue Nov 9 12:54:06 2010 +%%XBoundingBox: -172 -52 785 845 +%%BoundingBox: 290 290 520 520 +%%Pages: 1 +%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit +%%Orientation: Portrait +%%EndComments + +%%BeginProlog +/CurrentEncoding [ +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/exclam/quotedbl/numbersign/dollar/percent/ampersand/quotesingle +/parenleft/parenright/asterisk/plus/comma/hyphen/period/slash +/zero/one/two/three/four/five/six/seven +/eight/nine/colon/semicolon/less/equal/greater/question +/at/A/B/C/D/E/F/G +/H/I/J/K/L/M/N/O +/P/Q/R/S/T/U/V/W +/X/Y/Z/bracketleft/backslash/bracketright/asciicircum/underscore +/grave/a/b/c/d/e/f/g +/h/i/j/k/l/m/n/o +/p/q/r/s/t/u/v/w +/x/y/z/braceleft/bar/braceright/asciitilde/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/space/space/space/space/space/space/space +/space/exclamdown/cent/sterling/currency/yen/brokenbar/section +/dieresis/copyright/ordfeminine/guillemotleft/logicalnot/hyphen/registered/macron +/degree/plusminus/twosuperior/threesuperior/acute/mu/paragraph/periodcentered +/cedilla/onesuperior/ordmasculine/guillemotright/onequarter/onehalf/threequarters/questiondown +/Agrave/Aacute/Acircumflex/Atilde/Adieresis/Aring/AE/Ccedilla +/Egrave/Eacute/Ecircumflex/Edieresis/Igrave/Iacute/Icircumflex/Idieresis +/Eth/Ntilde/Ograve/Oacute/Ocircumflex/Otilde/Odieresis/multiply +/Oslash/Ugrave/Uacute/Ucircumflex/Udieresis/Yacute/Thorn/germandbls +/agrave/aacute/acircumflex/atilde/adieresis/aring/ae/ccedilla +/egrave/eacute/ecircumflex/edieresis/igrave/iacute/icircumflex/idieresis +/eth/ntilde/ograve/oacute/ocircumflex/otilde/odieresis/divide +/oslash/ugrave/uacute/ucircumflex/udieresis/yacute/thorn/ydieresis +] def + +50 dict begin +% This is a standard prolog for Postscript generated by Tk's canvas +% widget. +% RCS: @(#) $Id$ + +% The definitions below just define all of the variables used in +% any of the procedures here. This is needed for obscure reasons +% explained on p. 716 of the Postscript manual (Section H.2.7, +% "Initializing Variables," in the section on Encapsulated Postscript). + +/baseline 0 def +/stipimage 0 def +/height 0 def +/justify 0 def +/lineLength 0 def +/spacing 0 def +/stipple 0 def +/strings 0 def +/xoffset 0 def +/yoffset 0 def +/tmpstip null def + + +/cstringshow { + { + dup type /stringtype eq + { show } { glyphshow } + ifelse + } + forall +} bind def + + + +/cstringwidth { + 0 exch 0 exch + { + dup type /stringtype eq + { stringwidth } { + currentfont /Encoding get exch 1 exch put (\001) stringwidth + } + ifelse + exch 3 1 roll add 3 1 roll add exch + } + forall +} bind def + +% font ISOEncode font +% This procedure changes the encoding of a font from the default +% Postscript encoding to current system encoding. It's typically invoked just +% before invoking "setfont". The body of this procedure comes from +% Section 5.6.1 of the Postscript book. + +/ISOEncode { + dup length dict begin + {1 index /FID ne {def} {pop pop} ifelse} forall + /Encoding CurrentEncoding def + currentdict + end + + % I'm not sure why it's necessary to use "definefont" on this new + % font, but it seems to be important; just use the name "Temporary" + % for the font. + + /Temporary exch definefont +} bind def + +% StrokeClip +% +% This procedure converts the current path into a clip area under +% the assumption of stroking. It's a bit tricky because some Postscript +% interpreters get errors during strokepath for dashed lines. If +% this happens then turn off dashes and try again. + +/StrokeClip { + {strokepath} stopped { + (This Postscript printer gets limitcheck overflows when) = + (stippling dashed lines; lines will be printed solid instead.) = + [] 0 setdash strokepath} if + clip +} bind def + +% desiredSize EvenPixels closestSize +% +% The procedure below is used for stippling. Given the optimal size +% of a dot in a stipple pattern in the current user coordinate system, +% compute the closest size that is an exact multiple of the device's +% pixel size. This allows stipple patterns to be displayed without +% aliasing effects. + +/EvenPixels { + % Compute exact number of device pixels per stipple dot. + dup 0 matrix currentmatrix dtransform + dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt + + % Round to an integer, make sure the number is at least 1, and compute + % user coord distance corresponding to this. + dup round dup 1 lt {pop 1} if + exch div mul +} bind def + +% width height string StippleFill -- +% +% Given a path already set up and a clipping region generated from +% it, this procedure will fill the clipping region with a stipple +% pattern. "String" contains a proper image description of the +% stipple pattern and "width" and "height" give its dimensions. Each +% stipple dot is assumed to be about one unit across in the current +% user coordinate system. This procedure trashes the graphics state. + +/StippleFill { + % The following code is needed to work around a NeWSprint bug. + + /tmpstip 1 index def + + % Change the scaling so that one user unit in user coordinates + % corresponds to the size of one stipple dot. + 1 EvenPixels dup scale + + % Compute the bounding box occupied by the path (which is now + % the clipping region), and round the lower coordinates down + % to the nearest starting point for the stipple pattern. Be + % careful about negative numbers, since the rounding works + % differently on them. + + pathbbox + 4 2 roll + 5 index div dup 0 lt {1 sub} if cvi 5 index mul 4 1 roll + 6 index div dup 0 lt {1 sub} if cvi 6 index mul 3 2 roll + + % Stack now: width height string y1 y2 x1 x2 + % Below is a doubly-nested for loop to iterate across this area + % in units of the stipple pattern size, going up columns then + % across rows, blasting out a stipple-pattern-sized rectangle at + % each position + + 6 index exch { + 2 index 5 index 3 index { + % Stack now: width height string y1 y2 x y + + gsave + 1 index exch translate + 5 index 5 index true matrix tmpstip imagemask + grestore + } for + pop + } for + pop pop pop pop pop +} bind def + +% -- AdjustColor -- +% Given a color value already set for output by the caller, adjusts +% that value to a grayscale or mono value if requested by the CL +% variable. + +/AdjustColor { + CL 2 lt { + currentgray + CL 0 eq { + .5 lt {0} {1} ifelse + } if + setgray + } if +} bind def + +% x y strings spacing xoffset yoffset justify stipple DrawText -- +% This procedure does all of the real work of drawing text. The +% color and font must already have been set by the caller, and the +% following arguments must be on the stack: +% +% x, y - Coordinates at which to draw text. +% strings - An array of strings, one for each line of the text item, +% in order from top to bottom. +% spacing - Spacing between lines. +% xoffset - Horizontal offset for text bbox relative to x and y: 0 for +% nw/w/sw anchor, -0.5 for n/center/s, and -1.0 for ne/e/se. +% yoffset - Vertical offset for text bbox relative to x and y: 0 for +% nw/n/ne anchor, +0.5 for w/center/e, and +1.0 for sw/s/se. +% justify - 0 for left justification, 0.5 for center, 1 for right justify. +% stipple - Boolean value indicating whether or not text is to be +% drawn in stippled fashion. If text is stippled, +% procedure StippleText must have been defined to call +% StippleFill in the right way. +% +% Also, when this procedure is invoked, the color and font must already +% have been set for the text. + +/DrawText { + /stipple exch def + /justify exch def + /yoffset exch def + /xoffset exch def + /spacing exch def + /strings exch def + + % First scan through all of the text to find the widest line. + + /lineLength 0 def + strings { + cstringwidth pop + dup lineLength gt {/lineLength exch def} {pop} ifelse + newpath + } forall + + % Compute the baseline offset and the actual font height. + + 0 0 moveto (TXygqPZ) false charpath + pathbbox dup /baseline exch def + exch pop exch sub /height exch def pop + newpath + + % Translate coordinates first so that the origin is at the upper-left + % corner of the text's bounding box. Remember that x and y for + % positioning are still on the stack. + + translate + lineLength xoffset mul + strings length 1 sub spacing mul height add yoffset mul translate + + % Now use the baseline and justification information to translate so + % that the origin is at the baseline and positioning point for the + % first line of text. + + justify lineLength mul baseline neg translate + + % Iterate over each of the lines to output it. For each line, + % compute its width again so it can be properly justified, then + % display it. + + strings { + dup cstringwidth pop + justify neg mul 0 moveto + stipple { + + + % The text is stippled, so turn it into a path and print + % by calling StippledText, which in turn calls StippleFill. + % Unfortunately, many Postscript interpreters will get + % overflow errors if we try to do the whole string at + % once, so do it a character at a time. + + gsave + /char (X) def + { + dup type /stringtype eq { + % This segment is a string. + { + char 0 3 -1 roll put + currentpoint + gsave + char true charpath clip StippleText + grestore + char stringwidth translate + moveto + } forall + } { + % This segment is glyph name + % Temporary override + currentfont /Encoding get exch 1 exch put + currentpoint + gsave (\001) true charpath clip StippleText + grestore + (\001) stringwidth translate + moveto + } ifelse + } forall + grestore + } {cstringshow} ifelse + 0 spacing neg translate + } forall +} bind def + +%%EndProlog +%%BeginSetup +/CL 2 def +%%EndSetup + +%%Page: 1 1 +save +306.0 396.0 translate +0.9995 0.9995 scale +4 -449 translate +-483 898 moveto 475 898 lineto 475 0 lineto -483 0 lineto closepath clip newpath +gsave +grestore +gsave +0 445 moveto +200 445 lineto +3.03844939755837 479.729635533386 lineto +190.97697355474 411.325606868252 lineto +17.7718927978523 511.325606868252 lineto +170.980781421648 382.768084930944 lineto +42.42325948434 535.97697355474 lineto +142.42325948434 362.771892797852 lineto +74.0192308192062 550.710416955034 lineto +108.748866352592 353.748866352592 lineto +108.748866352592 553.748866352592 lineto +74.0192308192064 356.787315750151 lineto +142.42325948434 544.725839907333 lineto +42.4232594843401 371.520759150445 lineto +170.980781421648 524.72964777424 lineto +17.7718927978524 396.172125836932 lineto +190.97697355474 496.172125836933 lineto +3.03844939755834 427.768097171799 lineto +200 462.497732705185 lineto +-1.13686837721616e-13 462.497732705185 lineto +196.961550602442 427.768097171799 lineto +9.02302644525972 496.172125836932 lineto +182.228107202148 396.172125836933 lineto +29.0192185783518 524.72964777424 lineto +157.57674051566 371.520759150445 lineto +57.5767405156596 544.725839907332 lineto +125.980769180794 356.787315750151 lineto +91.2511336474073 553.748866352592 lineto +91.2511336474079 353.748866352592 lineto +125.980769180793 550.710416955034 lineto +57.5767405156601 362.771892797852 lineto +157.57674051566 535.97697355474 lineto +29.0192185783522 382.768084930944 lineto +182.228107202148 511.325606868253 lineto +9.02302644525994 411.325606868252 lineto +196.961550602442 479.729635533386 lineto +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 lineto +0 445 lineto +1.000 1.000 0.000 setrgbcolor AdjustColor +eofill +grestore +gsave +0 445 moveto +200 445 lineto +3.03844939755837 479.729635533386 lineto +190.97697355474 411.325606868252 lineto +17.7718927978523 511.325606868252 lineto +170.980781421648 382.768084930944 lineto +42.42325948434 535.97697355474 lineto +142.42325948434 362.771892797852 lineto +74.0192308192062 550.710416955034 lineto +108.748866352592 353.748866352592 lineto +108.748866352592 553.748866352592 lineto +74.0192308192064 356.787315750151 lineto +142.42325948434 544.725839907333 lineto +42.4232594843401 371.520759150445 lineto +170.980781421648 524.72964777424 lineto +17.7718927978524 396.172125836932 lineto +190.97697355474 496.172125836933 lineto +3.03844939755834 427.768097171799 lineto +200 462.497732705185 lineto +-1.13686837721616e-13 462.497732705185 lineto +196.961550602442 427.768097171799 lineto +9.02302644525972 496.172125836932 lineto +182.228107202148 396.172125836933 lineto +29.0192185783518 524.72964777424 lineto +157.57674051566 371.520759150445 lineto +57.5767405156596 544.725839907332 lineto +125.980769180794 356.787315750151 lineto +91.2511336474073 553.748866352592 lineto +91.2511336474079 353.748866352592 lineto +125.980769180793 550.710416955034 lineto +57.5767405156601 362.771892797852 lineto +157.57674051566 535.97697355474 lineto +29.0192185783522 382.768084930944 lineto +182.228107202148 511.325606868253 lineto +9.02302644525994 411.325606868252 lineto +196.961550602442 479.729635533386 lineto +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 lineto +1 setlinecap +1 setlinejoin +1 setlinewidth +[] 0 setdash +1.000 0.000 0.000 setrgbcolor AdjustColor +stroke +grestore +gsave +grestore +gsave +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 moveto +-9.00000000000019 450 lineto +-7.00000000000017 445 lineto +-9.00000000000015 440 lineto +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 lineto +1.000 1.000 0.000 setrgbcolor AdjustColor +eofill +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 moveto +-9.00000000000019 450 lineto +-7.00000000000017 445 lineto +-9.00000000000015 440 lineto +-1.70530256582424e-13 445 lineto +1 setlinejoin 1 setlinecap +1 setlinewidth +[] 0 setdash +1.000 0.000 0.000 setrgbcolor AdjustColor +stroke +grestore +restore showpage + +%%Trailer +end +%%EOF + diff --git a/Doc/library/turtle.rst b/Doc/library/turtle.rst index efe9ae7..c2b9f41 100644 --- a/Doc/library/turtle.rst +++ b/Doc/library/turtle.rst @@ -23,6 +23,16 @@ command ``turtle.forward(15)``, and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command ``turtle.left(25)``, and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. +.. sidebar:: Turtle star + + Turtle can draw intricate shapes using programs that repeat simple + moves. + + .. image:: turtle-star.* + :align: center + + .. literalinclude:: ../includes/turtle-star.py + By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and pictures can easily be drawn. |
