diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/glossary.rst | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/installing/index.rst | 61 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/library/venv.rst | 124 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/tutorial/venv.rst | 111 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/using/index.rst | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/using/scripts.rst | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Doc/using/venv-create.inc | 95 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/ACKS | 1 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Misc/NEWS | 6 |
9 files changed, 227 insertions, 186 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/glossary.rst b/Doc/glossary.rst index fe17595..3d05c14 100644 --- a/Doc/glossary.rst +++ b/Doc/glossary.rst @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ Glossary without interfering with the behaviour of other Python applications running on the same system. - See also :ref:`scripts-pyvenv`. + See also :mod:`venv`. virtual machine A computer defined entirely in software. Python's virtual machine diff --git a/Doc/installing/index.rst b/Doc/installing/index.rst index 1ef3149..b22465d 100644 --- a/Doc/installing/index.rst +++ b/Doc/installing/index.rst @@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ .. _installing-index: -***************************** - Installing Python Modules -***************************** +************************* +Installing Python Modules +************************* :Email: distutils-sig@python.org @@ -34,24 +34,24 @@ Key terms * ``pip`` is the preferred installer program. Starting with Python 3.4, it is included by default with the Python binary installers. -* a virtual environment is a semi-isolated Python environment that allows +* A *virtual environment* is a semi-isolated Python environment that allows packages to be installed for use by a particular application, rather than - being installed system wide -* ``pyvenv`` is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and has + being installed system wide. +* ``venv`` is the standard tool for creating virtual environments, and has been part of Python since Python 3.3. Starting with Python 3.4, it - defaults to installing ``pip`` into all created virtual environments + defaults to installing ``pip`` into all created virtual environments. * ``virtualenv`` is a third party alternative (and predecessor) to - ``pyvenv``. It allows virtual environments to be used on versions of - Python prior to 3.4, which either don't provide ``pyvenv`` at all, or + ``venv``. It allows virtual environments to be used on versions of + Python prior to 3.4, which either don't provide ``venv`` at all, or aren't able to automatically install ``pip`` into created environments. -* the `Python Packaging Index <https://pypi.python.org/pypi>`__ is a public +* The `Python Packaging Index <https://pypi.python.org/pypi>`__ is a public repository of open source licensed packages made available for use by - other Python users + other Python users. * the `Python Packaging Authority <https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/>`__ are the group of developers and documentation authors responsible for the maintenance and evolution of the standard packaging tools and the associated metadata and - file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation + file format standards. They maintain a variety of tools, documentation, and issue trackers on both `GitHub <https://github.com/pypa>`__ and `BitBucket <https://bitbucket.org/pypa/>`__. * ``distutils`` is the original build and distribution system first added to @@ -62,6 +62,19 @@ Key terms of the mailing list used to coordinate Python packaging standards development). +.. deprecated:: 3.6 + ``pyvenv`` was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments for + Python 3.3 and 3.4, and is `deprecated in Python 3.6 + <https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-features>`_. + +.. versionchanged:: 3.5 + The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments. + +.. seealso:: + + `Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments + <https://packaging.python.org/installing/#creating-virtual-environments>`__ + Basic usage =========== @@ -100,13 +113,14 @@ explicitly:: More information and resources regarding ``pip`` and its capabilities can be found in the `Python Packaging User Guide <https://packaging.python.org>`__. -``pyvenv`` has its own documentation at :ref:`scripts-pyvenv`. Installing -into an active virtual environment uses the commands shown above. +Creation of virtual environments is done through the :mod:`venv` module. +Installing packages into an active virtual environment uses the commands shown +above. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Python Distribution Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/installing/>`__ How do I ...? @@ -124,7 +138,7 @@ User Guide. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Requirements for Installing Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#requirements-for-installing-packages>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/installing/#requirements-for-installing-packages>`__ .. installing-per-user-installation: @@ -142,20 +156,19 @@ package just for the current user, rather than for all users of the system. A number of scientific Python packages have complex binary dependencies, and aren't currently easy to install using ``pip`` directly. At this point in time, it will often be easier for users to install these packages by -`other means -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ +`other means <https://packaging.python.org/science/>`__ rather than attempting to install them with ``pip``. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Installing Scientific Packages - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/science/>`__ ... work with multiple versions of Python installed in parallel? ---------------------------------------------------------------- -On Linux, Mac OS X and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python commands +On Linux, Mac OS X, and other POSIX systems, use the versioned Python commands in combination with the ``-m`` switch to run the appropriate copy of ``pip``:: @@ -164,7 +177,7 @@ in combination with the ``-m`` switch to run the appropriate copy of python3 -m pip install SomePackage # default Python 3 python3.4 -m pip install SomePackage # specifically Python 3.4 -(appropriately versioned ``pip`` commands may also be available) +Appropriately versioned ``pip`` commands may also be available. On Windows, use the ``py`` Python launcher in combination with the ``-m`` switch:: @@ -212,11 +225,11 @@ as users are more regularly able to install pre-built extensions rather than needing to build them themselves. Some of the solutions for installing `scientific software -<https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/science/>`__ -that is not yet available as pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with +<https://packaging.python.org/science/>`__ +that are not yet available as pre-built ``wheel`` files may also help with obtaining other binary extensions without needing to build them locally. .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Binary Extensions - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/extensions/>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/extensions/>`__ diff --git a/Doc/library/venv.rst b/Doc/library/venv.rst index af4a6d1..02e36fd 100644 --- a/Doc/library/venv.rst +++ b/Doc/library/venv.rst @@ -31,44 +31,50 @@ Creating virtual environments .. _venv-def: -.. note:: A virtual environment (also called a ``venv``) is a Python - environment such that the Python interpreter, libraries and scripts - installed into it are isolated from those installed in other virtual - environments, and (by default) any libraries installed in a "system" Python, - i.e. one which is installed as part of your operating system. +.. note:: A virtual environment is a Python environment such that the Python + interpreter, libraries and scripts installed into it are isolated from those + installed in other virtual environments, and (by default) any libraries + installed in a "system" Python, i.e., one which is installed as part of your + operating system. - A venv is a directory tree which contains Python executable files and - other files which indicate that it is a venv. + A virtual environment is a directory tree which contains Python executable + files and other files which indicate that it is a virtual environment. Common installation tools such as ``Setuptools`` and ``pip`` work as - expected with venvs - i.e. when a venv is active, they install Python - packages into the venv without needing to be told to do so explicitly. - - When a venv is active (i.e. the venv's Python interpreter is running), the - attributes :attr:`sys.prefix` and :attr:`sys.exec_prefix` point to the base - directory of the venv, whereas :attr:`sys.base_prefix` and - :attr:`sys.base_exec_prefix` point to the non-venv Python installation - which was used to create the venv. If a venv is not active, then - :attr:`sys.prefix` is the same as :attr:`sys.base_prefix` and - :attr:`sys.exec_prefix` is the same as :attr:`sys.base_exec_prefix` (they - all point to a non-venv Python installation). - - When a venv is active, any options that change the installation path will be - ignored from all distutils configuration files to prevent projects being - inadvertently installed outside of the virtual environment. - - When working in a command shell, users can make a venv active by running an - ``activate`` script in the venv's executables directory (the precise filename - is shell-dependent), which prepends the venv's directory for executables to - the ``PATH`` environment variable for the running shell. There should be no - need in other circumstances to activate a venv -- scripts installed into - venvs have a shebang line which points to the venv's Python interpreter. This - means that the script will run with that interpreter regardless of the value - of ``PATH``. On Windows, shebang line processing is supported if you have the - Python Launcher for Windows installed (this was added to Python in 3.3 - see - :pep:`397` for more details). Thus, double-clicking an installed script in - a Windows Explorer window should run the script with the correct interpreter - without there needing to be any reference to its venv in ``PATH``. + expected with virtual environments. In other words, when a virtual + environment is active, they install Python packages into the virtual + environment without needing to be told to do so explicitly. + + When a virtual environment is active (i.e., the virtual environment's Python + interpreter is running), the attributes :attr:`sys.prefix` and + :attr:`sys.exec_prefix` point to the base directory of the virtual + environment, whereas :attr:`sys.base_prefix` and + :attr:`sys.base_exec_prefix` point to the non-virtual environment Python + installation which was used to create the virtual environment. If a virtual + environment is not active, then :attr:`sys.prefix` is the same as + :attr:`sys.base_prefix` and :attr:`sys.exec_prefix` is the same as + :attr:`sys.base_exec_prefix` (they all point to a non-virtual environment + Python installation). + + When a virtual environment is active, any options that change the + installation path will be ignored from all distutils configuration files to + prevent projects being inadvertently installed outside of the virtual + environment. + + When working in a command shell, users can make a virtual environment active + by running an ``activate`` script in the virtual environment's executables + directory (the precise filename is shell-dependent), which prepends the + virtual environment's directory for executables to the ``PATH`` environment + variable for the running shell. There should be no need in other + circumstances to activate a virtual environment—scripts installed into + virtual environments have a "shebang" line which points to the virtual + environment's Python interpreter. This means that the script will run with + that interpreter regardless of the value of ``PATH``. On Windows, "shebang" + line processing is supported if you have the Python Launcher for Windows + installed (this was added to Python in 3.3 - see :pep:`397` for more + details). Thus, double-clicking an installed script in a Windows Explorer + window should run the script with the correct interpreter without there + needing to be any reference to its virtual environment in ``PATH``. .. _venv-api: @@ -219,7 +225,7 @@ An example of extending ``EnvBuilder`` -------------------------------------- The following script shows how to extend :class:`EnvBuilder` by implementing a -subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: +subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created virtual environment:: import os import os.path @@ -233,12 +239,12 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: class ExtendedEnvBuilder(venv.EnvBuilder): """ This builder installs setuptools and pip so that you can pip or - easy_install other packages into the created environment. + easy_install other packages into the created virtual environment. :param nodist: If True, setuptools and pip are not installed into the - created environment. + created virtual environment. :param nopip: If True, pip is not installed into the created - environment. + virtual environment. :param progress: If setuptools or pip are installed, the progress of the installation can be monitored by passing a progress callable. If specified, it is called with two @@ -264,10 +270,10 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: def post_setup(self, context): """ Set up any packages which need to be pre-installed into the - environment being created. + virtual environment being created. - :param context: The information for the environment creation request - being processed. + :param context: The information for the virtual environment + creation request being processed. """ os.environ['VIRTUAL_ENV'] = context.env_dir if not self.nodist: @@ -301,7 +307,7 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: fn = os.path.split(path)[-1] binpath = context.bin_path distpath = os.path.join(binpath, fn) - # Download script into the env's binaries folder + # Download script into the virtual environment's binaries folder urlretrieve(url, distpath) progress = self.progress if self.verbose: @@ -313,7 +319,7 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: else: sys.stderr.write('Installing %s ...%s' % (name, term)) sys.stderr.flush() - # Install in the env + # Install in the virtual environment args = [context.env_exe, fn] p = Popen(args, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, cwd=binpath) t1 = Thread(target=self.reader, args=(p.stdout, 'stdout')) @@ -332,10 +338,10 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: def install_setuptools(self, context): """ - Install setuptools in the environment. + Install setuptools in the virtual environment. - :param context: The information for the environment creation request - being processed. + :param context: The information for the virtual environment + creation request being processed. """ url = 'https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/downloads/ez_setup.py' self.install_script(context, 'setuptools', url) @@ -348,10 +354,10 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: def install_pip(self, context): """ - Install pip in the environment. + Install pip in the virtual environment. - :param context: The information for the environment creation request - being processed. + :param context: The information for the virtual environment + creation request being processed. """ url = 'https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py' self.install_script(context, 'pip', url) @@ -374,7 +380,8 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: 'more target ' 'directories.') parser.add_argument('dirs', metavar='ENV_DIR', nargs='+', - help='A directory to create the environment in.') + help='A directory in which to create the + 'virtual environment.') parser.add_argument('--no-setuptools', default=False, action='store_true', dest='nodist', help="Don't install setuptools or pip in the " @@ -398,14 +405,17 @@ subclass which installs setuptools and pip into a created venv:: 'the platform.') parser.add_argument('--clear', default=False, action='store_true', dest='clear', help='Delete the contents of the ' - 'environment directory if it ' - 'already exists, before ' + 'virtual environment ' + 'directory if it already ' + 'exists, before virtual ' 'environment creation.') parser.add_argument('--upgrade', default=False, action='store_true', - dest='upgrade', help='Upgrade the environment ' - 'directory to use this version ' - 'of Python, assuming Python ' - 'has been upgraded in-place.') + dest='upgrade', help='Upgrade the virtual ' + 'environment directory to ' + 'use this version of ' + 'Python, assuming Python ' + 'has been upgraded ' + 'in-place.') parser.add_argument('--verbose', default=False, action='store_true', dest='verbose', help='Display the output ' 'from the scripts which ' diff --git a/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst b/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst index 3b2ee2e..e2dd57d 100644 --- a/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst +++ b/Doc/tutorial/venv.rst @@ -20,15 +20,14 @@ the requirements of every application. If application A needs version the requirements are in conflict and installing either version 1.0 or 2.0 will leave one application unable to run. -The solution for this problem is to create a :term:`virtual -environment` (often shortened to "virtualenv"), a self-contained -directory tree that contains a Python installation for a particular -version of Python, plus a number of additional packages. +The solution for this problem is to create a :term:`virtual environment`, a +self-contained directory tree that contains a Python installation for a +particular version of Python, plus a number of additional packages. Different applications can then use different virtual environments. To resolve the earlier example of conflicting requirements, application A can have its own virtual environment with version 1.0 -installed while application B has another virtualenv with version 2.0. +installed while application B has another virtual environment with version 2.0. If application B requires a library be upgraded to version 3.0, this will not affect application A's environment. @@ -36,29 +35,26 @@ not affect application A's environment. Creating Virtual Environments ============================= -The script used to create and manage virtual environments is called -:program:`pyvenv`. :program:`pyvenv` will usually install the most -recent version of Python that you have available; the script is also -installed with a version number, so if you have multiple versions of -Python on your system you can select a specific Python version by -running ``pyvenv-3.4`` or whichever version you want. +The module used to create and manage virtual environments is called +:mod:`venv`. :mod:`venv` will usually install the most recent version of +Python that you have available. If you have multiple versions of Python on your +system, you can select a specific Python version by running ``python3`` or +whichever version you want. -To create a virtualenv, decide upon a directory -where you want to place it and run :program:`pyvenv` with the -directory path:: +To create a virtual environment, decide upon a directory where you want to +place it, and run the :mod:`venv` module as a script with the directory path:: - pyvenv tutorial-env + python3 -m venv tutorial-env This will create the ``tutorial-env`` directory if it doesn't exist, and also create directories inside it containing a copy of the Python interpreter, the standard library, and various supporting files. -Once you've created a virtual environment, you need to -activate it. +Once you've created a virtual environment, you may activate it. On Windows, run:: - tutorial-env/Scripts/activate + tutorial-env\Scripts\activate.bat On Unix or MacOS, run:: @@ -69,33 +65,36 @@ On Unix or MacOS, run:: ``activate.csh`` and ``activate.fish`` scripts you should use instead.) -Activating the virtualenv will change your shell's prompt to show what -virtualenv you're using, and modify the environment so that running -``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of -Python. For example:: +Activating the virtual environment will change your shell's prompt to show what +virtual environment you're using, and modify the environment so that running +``python`` will get you that particular version and installation of Python. +For example: - -> source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate - (tutorial-env) -> python - Python 3.4.3+ (3.4:c7b9645a6f35+, May 22 2015, 09:31:25) +.. code-block:: bash + + $ source ~/envs/tutorial-env/bin/activate + (tutorial-env) $ python + Python 3.5.1 (default, May 6 2016, 10:59:36) ... >>> import sys >>> sys.path - ['', '/usr/local/lib/python34.zip', ..., - '~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.4/site-packages'] + ['', '/usr/local/lib/python35.zip', ..., + '~/envs/tutorial-env/lib/python3.5/site-packages'] >>> Managing Packages with pip ========================== -Once you've activated a virtual environment, you can install, upgrade, -and remove packages using a program called :program:`pip`. By default -``pip`` will install packages from the Python Package Index, -<https://pypi.python.org/pypi>. You can browse the Python Package Index -by going to it in your web browser, or you can use ``pip``'s -limited search feature:: +You can install, upgrade, and remove packages using a program called +:program:`pip`. By default ``pip`` will install packages from the Python +Package Index, <https://pypi.python.org/pypi>. You can browse the Python +Package Index by going to it in your web browser, or you can use ``pip``'s +limited search feature: + +.. code-block:: bash - (tutorial-env) -> pip search astronomy + (tutorial-env) $ pip search astronomy skyfield - Elegant astronomy for Python gary - Galactic astronomy and gravitational dynamics. novas - The United States Naval Observatory NOVAS astronomy library @@ -107,9 +106,11 @@ limited search feature:: "freeze", etc. (Consult the :ref:`installing-index` guide for complete documentation for ``pip``.) -You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's name:: +You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's name: + +.. code-block:: bash - -> pip install novas + (tutorial-env) $ pip install novas Collecting novas Downloading novas-3.1.1.3.tar.gz (136kB) Installing collected packages: novas @@ -117,9 +118,11 @@ You can install the latest version of a package by specifying a package's name:: Successfully installed novas-3.1.1.3 You can also install a specific version of a package by giving the -package name followed by ``==`` and the version number:: +package name followed by ``==`` and the version number: - -> pip install requests==2.6.0 +.. code-block:: bash + + (tutorial-env) $ pip install requests==2.6.0 Collecting requests==2.6.0 Using cached requests-2.6.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl Installing collected packages: requests @@ -128,9 +131,11 @@ package name followed by ``==`` and the version number:: If you re-run this command, ``pip`` will notice that the requested version is already installed and do nothing. You can supply a different version number to get that version, or you can run ``pip -install --upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version:: +install --upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version: + +.. code-block:: bash - -> pip install --upgrade requests + (tutorial-env) $ pip install --upgrade requests Collecting requests Installing collected packages: requests Found existing installation: requests 2.6.0 @@ -141,9 +146,11 @@ install --upgrade`` to upgrade the package to the latest version:: ``pip uninstall`` followed by one or more package names will remove the packages from the virtual environment. -``pip show`` will display information about a particular package:: +``pip show`` will display information about a particular package: - (tutorial-env) -> pip show requests +.. code-block:: bash + + (tutorial-env) $ pip show requests --- Metadata-Version: 2.0 Name: requests @@ -157,9 +164,11 @@ packages from the virtual environment. Requires: ``pip list`` will display all of the packages installed in the virtual -environment:: +environment: + +.. code-block:: bash - (tutorial-env) -> pip list + (tutorial-env) $ pip list novas (3.1.1.3) numpy (1.9.2) pip (7.0.3) @@ -168,19 +177,23 @@ environment:: ``pip freeze`` will produce a similar list of the installed packages, but the output uses the format that ``pip install`` expects. -A common convention is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` file:: +A common convention is to put this list in a ``requirements.txt`` file: - (tutorial-env) -> pip freeze > requirements.txt - (tutorial-env) -> cat requirements.txt +.. code-block:: bash + + (tutorial-env) $ pip freeze > requirements.txt + (tutorial-env) $ cat requirements.txt novas==3.1.1.3 numpy==1.9.2 requests==2.7.0 The ``requirements.txt`` can then be committed to version control and shipped as part of an application. Users can then install all the -necessary packages with ``install -r``:: +necessary packages with ``install -r``: + +.. code-block:: bash - -> pip install -r requirements.txt + (tutorial-env) $ pip install -r requirements.txt Collecting novas==3.1.1.3 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1)) ... Collecting numpy==1.9.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2)) diff --git a/Doc/using/index.rst b/Doc/using/index.rst index 502afa9..a5df713 100644 --- a/Doc/using/index.rst +++ b/Doc/using/index.rst @@ -17,4 +17,3 @@ interpreter and things that make working with Python easier. unix.rst windows.rst mac.rst - scripts.rst diff --git a/Doc/using/scripts.rst b/Doc/using/scripts.rst deleted file mode 100644 index 2c87416..0000000 --- a/Doc/using/scripts.rst +++ /dev/null @@ -1,12 +0,0 @@ -.. _tools-and-scripts: - -Additional Tools and Scripts -============================ - -.. _scripts-pyvenv: - -pyvenv - Creating virtual environments --------------------------------------- - -.. include:: venv-create.inc - diff --git a/Doc/using/venv-create.inc b/Doc/using/venv-create.inc index 7ad3008..53f431b 100644 --- a/Doc/using/venv-create.inc +++ b/Doc/using/venv-create.inc @@ -1,31 +1,39 @@ Creation of :ref:`virtual environments <venv-def>` is done by executing the -``pyvenv`` script:: +command ``venv``:: - pyvenv /path/to/new/virtual/environment + python3 -m venv /path/to/new/virtual/environment Running this command creates the target directory (creating any parent directories that don't exist already) and places a ``pyvenv.cfg`` file in it -with a ``home`` key pointing to the Python installation the command was run -from. It also creates a ``bin`` (or ``Scripts`` on Windows) subdirectory +with a ``home`` key pointing to the Python installation from which the command +was run. It also creates a ``bin`` (or ``Scripts`` on Windows) subdirectory containing a copy of the ``python`` binary (or binaries, in the case of Windows). It also creates an (initially empty) ``lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages`` subdirectory (on Windows, this is ``Lib\site-packages``). +.. deprecated:: 3.6 + ``pyvenv`` was the recommended tool for creating virtual environments for + Python 3.3 and 3.4, and is `deprecated in Python 3.6 + <https://docs.python.org/dev/whatsnew/3.6.html#deprecated-features>`_. + +.. versionchanged:: 3.5 + The use of ``venv`` is now recommended for creating virtual environments. + .. seealso:: `Python Packaging User Guide: Creating and using virtual environments - <https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/installing/#creating-virtual-environments>`__ + <https://packaging.python.org/installing/#creating-virtual-environments>`__ .. highlight:: none -On Windows, you may have to invoke the ``pyvenv`` script as follows, if you -don't have the relevant PATH and PATHEXT settings:: +On Windows, invoke the ``venv`` command as follows:: - c:\Temp>c:\Python35\python c:\Python35\Tools\Scripts\pyvenv.py myenv + c:\>c:\Python35\python -m venv c:\path\to\myenv -or equivalently:: +Alternatively, if you configured the ``PATH`` and ``PATHEXT`` variables for +your :ref:`Python installation <using-on-windows>`:: - c:\Temp>c:\Python35\python -m venv myenv + c:\>python -m venv myenv c:\path\to\myenv The command, if run with ``-h``, will show the available options:: @@ -36,25 +44,26 @@ The command, if run with ``-h``, will show the available options:: Creates virtual Python environments in one or more target directories. positional arguments: - ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in. + ENV_DIR A directory to create the environment in. optional arguments: - -h, --help show this help message and exit - --system-site-packages Give the virtual environment access to the system - site-packages dir. - --symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks - are not the default for the platform. - --copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when - symlinks are the default for the platform. - --clear Delete the contents of the environment directory if it - already exists, before environment creation. - --upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version - of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place. - --without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual - environment (pip is bootstrapped by default) - -Depending on how the ``venv`` functionality has been invoked, the usage message -may vary slightly, e.g. referencing ``pyvenv`` rather than ``venv``. + -h, --help show this help message and exit + --system-site-packages + Give the virtual environment access to the system + site-packages dir. + --symlinks Try to use symlinks rather than copies, when symlinks + are not the default for the platform. + --copies Try to use copies rather than symlinks, even when + symlinks are the default for the platform. + --clear Delete the contents of the environment directory if it + already exists, before environment creation. + --upgrade Upgrade the environment directory to use this version + of Python, assuming Python has been upgraded in-place. + --without-pip Skips installing or upgrading pip in the virtual + environment (pip is bootstrapped by default) + + Once an environment has been created, you may wish to activate it, e.g. by + sourcing an activate script in its bin directory. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Installs pip by default, added the ``--without-pip`` and ``--copies`` @@ -73,12 +82,13 @@ run with the ``--system-site-packages`` option, ``false`` otherwise. Unless the ``--without-pip`` option is given, :mod:`ensurepip` will be invoked to bootstrap ``pip`` into the virtual environment. -Multiple paths can be given to ``pyvenv``, in which case an identical -virtualenv will be created, according to the given options, at each -provided path. +Multiple paths can be given to ``venv``, in which case an identical virtual +environment will be created, according to the given options, at each provided +path. -Once a venv has been created, it can be "activated" using a script in the -venv's binary directory. The invocation of the script is platform-specific: +Once a virtual environment has been created, it can be "activated" using a +script in the virtual environment's binary directory. The invocation of the +script is platform-specific: +-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+ | Platform | Shell | Command to activate virtual environment | @@ -95,16 +105,17 @@ venv's binary directory. The invocation of the script is platform-specific: +-------------+-----------------+-----------------------------------------+ You don't specifically *need* to activate an environment; activation just -prepends the venv's binary directory to your path, so that "python" invokes the -venv's Python interpreter and you can run installed scripts without having to -use their full path. However, all scripts installed in a venv should be -runnable without activating it, and run with the venv's Python automatically. - -You can deactivate a venv by typing "deactivate" in your shell. The exact -mechanism is platform-specific: for example, the Bash activation script defines -a "deactivate" function, whereas on Windows there are separate scripts called -``deactivate.bat`` and ``Deactivate.ps1`` which are installed when the venv is -created. +prepends the virtual environment's binary directory to your path, so that +"python" invokes the virtual environment's Python interpreter and you can run +installed scripts without having to use their full path. However, all scripts +installed in a virtual environment should be runnable without activating it, +and run with the virtual environment's Python automatically. + +You can deactivate a virtual environment by typing "deactivate" in your shell. +The exact mechanism is platform-specific: for example, the Bash activation +script defines a "deactivate" function, whereas on Windows there are separate +scripts called ``deactivate.bat`` and ``Deactivate.ps1`` which are installed +when the virtual environment is created. .. versionadded:: 3.4 ``fish`` and ``csh`` activation scripts. @@ -1150,6 +1150,7 @@ Dusty Phillips Christopher J. Phoenix James Pickering Neale Pickett +Steve Piercy Jim St. Pierre Dan Pierson Martijn Pieters @@ -154,6 +154,12 @@ Tools/Demos - Issue #27418: Fixed Tools/importbench/importbench.py. +Documentation +------------- + +- Issue #27285: Update documentation to reflect the deprecation of ``pyvenv`` + and normalize on the term "virtual environment". Patch by Steve Piercy. + What's New in Python 3.6.0 alpha 2 ================================== |