5 files changed, 47 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
index f2b818f..d093deb 100644
--- a/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
+++ b/Doc/deprecations/pending-removal-in-3.16.rst
@@ -79,3 +79,8 @@ Pending removal in Python 3.16
 
   * The undocumented and unused :attr:`!TarFile.tarfile` attribute
     has been deprecated since Python 3.13.
+
+* :mod:`functools`:
+
+  * Calling the Python implementation of :func:`functools.reduce` with *function*
+    or *sequence* as keyword arguments has been deprecated since Python 3.14.
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
index 63fa21e..4b3f1b2 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst
@@ -744,6 +744,11 @@ Deprecated
   as a single positional argument.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`109218`.)
 
+* :mod:`functools`:
+  Calling the Python implementation of :func:`functools.reduce` with *function*
+  or *sequence* as keyword arguments is now deprecated.
+  (Contributed by Kirill Podoprigora in :gh:`121676`.)
+
 * :mod:`os`:
   :term:`Soft deprecate <soft deprecated>` :func:`os.popen` and
   :func:`os.spawn* <os.spawnl>` functions. They should no longer be used to
diff --git a/Lib/functools.py b/Lib/functools.py
index 786b8ae..fd33f0a 100644
--- a/Lib/functools.py
+++ b/Lib/functools.py
@@ -264,11 +264,6 @@ def reduce(function, sequence, initial=_initial_missing):
 
     return value
 
-try:
-    from _functools import reduce
-except ImportError:
-    pass
-
 
 ################################################################################
 ### partial() argument application
@@ -1124,3 +1119,31 @@ class cached_property:
         return val
 
     __class_getitem__ = classmethod(GenericAlias)
+
+def _warn_python_reduce_kwargs(py_reduce):
+    @wraps(py_reduce)
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        if 'function' in kwargs or 'sequence' in kwargs:
+            import os
+            import warnings
+            warnings.warn(
+                'Calling functools.reduce with keyword arguments '
+                '"function" or "sequence" '
+                'is deprecated in Python 3.14 and will be '
+                'forbidden in Python 3.16.',
+                DeprecationWarning,
+                skip_file_prefixes=(os.path.dirname(__file__),))
+        return py_reduce(*args, **kwargs)
+    return wrapper
+
+reduce = _warn_python_reduce_kwargs(reduce)
+del _warn_python_reduce_kwargs
+
+# The import of the C accelerated version of reduce() has been moved
+# here due to gh-121676. In Python 3.16, _warn_python_reduce_kwargs()
+# should be removed and the import block should be moved back right
+# after the definition of reduce().
+try:
+    from _functools import reduce
+except ImportError:
+    pass
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_functools.py b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
index 4a0252c..3222486 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_functools.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_functools.py
@@ -1045,6 +1045,12 @@ class TestReduceC(TestReduce, unittest.TestCase):
 class TestReducePy(TestReduce, unittest.TestCase):
     reduce = staticmethod(py_functools.reduce)
 
+    def test_reduce_with_kwargs(self):
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.reduce(function=lambda x, y: x + y, sequence=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], initial=1)
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
+            self.reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, sequence=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], initial=1)
+
 
 class TestCmpToKey:
 
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-07-13-13-25-31.gh-issue-121676.KDLS11.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-07-13-13-25-31.gh-issue-121676.KDLS11.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be589b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2024-07-13-13-25-31.gh-issue-121676.KDLS11.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Deprecate calling the Python implementation of :meth:`functools.reduce`
+with a ``function`` or ``sequence`` as a :term:`keyword argument`.
+This will be forbidden in Python 3.16 in order to match the C implementation.