diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Doc')
36 files changed, 106 insertions, 106 deletions
diff --git a/Doc/c-api/import.rst b/Doc/c-api/import.rst index 57328fc..4ca1517 100644 --- a/Doc/c-api/import.rst +++ b/Doc/c-api/import.rst @@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ Importing Modules read from a Python bytecode file or obtained from the built-in function :func:`compile`, load the module. Return a new reference to the module object, or ``NULL`` with an exception set if an error occurred. *name* - is removed from :attr:`sys.modules` in error cases, even if *name* was already - in :attr:`sys.modules` on entry to :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`. Leaving - incompletely initialized modules in :attr:`sys.modules` is dangerous, as imports of + is removed from :data:`sys.modules` in error cases, even if *name* was already + in :data:`sys.modules` on entry to :c:func:`PyImport_ExecCodeModule`. Leaving + incompletely initialized modules in :data:`sys.modules` is dangerous, as imports of such modules have no way to know that the module object is an unknown (and probably damaged with respect to the module author's intents) state. diff --git a/Doc/library/__main__.rst b/Doc/library/__main__.rst index 3635967..90973d0 100644 --- a/Doc/library/__main__.rst +++ b/Doc/library/__main__.rst @@ -336,12 +336,12 @@ Note that importing ``__main__`` doesn't cause any issues with unintentionally running top-level code meant for script use which is put in the ``if __name__ == "__main__"`` block of the ``start`` module. Why does this work? -Python inserts an empty ``__main__`` module in :attr:`sys.modules` at +Python inserts an empty ``__main__`` module in :data:`sys.modules` at interpreter startup, and populates it by running top-level code. In our example this is the ``start`` module which runs line by line and imports ``namely``. In turn, ``namely`` imports ``__main__`` (which is really ``start``). That's an import cycle! Fortunately, since the partially populated ``__main__`` -module is present in :attr:`sys.modules`, Python passes that to ``namely``. +module is present in :data:`sys.modules`, Python passes that to ``namely``. See :ref:`Special considerations for __main__ <import-dunder-main>` in the import system's reference for details on how this works. diff --git a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst index 4274638..6e04817 100644 --- a/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/asyncio-subprocess.rst @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ Creating Subprocesses The *limit* argument sets the buffer limit for :class:`StreamReader` wrappers for :attr:`Process.stdout` and :attr:`Process.stderr` - (if :attr:`subprocess.PIPE` is passed to *stdout* and *stderr* arguments). + (if :const:`subprocess.PIPE` is passed to *stdout* and *stderr* arguments). Return a :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` instance. @@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ Creating Subprocesses The *limit* argument sets the buffer limit for :class:`StreamReader` wrappers for :attr:`Process.stdout` and :attr:`Process.stderr` - (if :attr:`subprocess.PIPE` is passed to *stdout* and *stderr* arguments). + (if :const:`subprocess.PIPE` is passed to *stdout* and *stderr* arguments). Return a :class:`~asyncio.subprocess.Process` instance. diff --git a/Doc/library/compileall.rst b/Doc/library/compileall.rst index 180f5b8..4226348 100644 --- a/Doc/library/compileall.rst +++ b/Doc/library/compileall.rst @@ -141,9 +141,9 @@ There is no command-line option to control the optimization level used by the :func:`compile` function, because the Python interpreter itself already provides the option: :program:`python -O -m compileall`. -Similarly, the :func:`compile` function respects the :attr:`sys.pycache_prefix` +Similarly, the :func:`compile` function respects the :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` setting. The generated bytecode cache will only be useful if :func:`compile` is -run with the same :attr:`sys.pycache_prefix` (if any) that will be used at +run with the same :data:`sys.pycache_prefix` (if any) that will be used at runtime. Public functions diff --git a/Doc/library/devmode.rst b/Doc/library/devmode.rst index 90138dd..bc66815 100644 --- a/Doc/library/devmode.rst +++ b/Doc/library/devmode.rst @@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Effects of the Python Development Mode: ignored for empty strings. * The :class:`io.IOBase` destructor logs ``close()`` exceptions. -* Set the :attr:`~sys.flags.dev_mode` attribute of :attr:`sys.flags` to +* Set the :attr:`~sys.flags.dev_mode` attribute of :data:`sys.flags` to ``True``. The Python Development Mode does not enable the :mod:`tracemalloc` module by diff --git a/Doc/library/filecmp.rst b/Doc/library/filecmp.rst index 83e9e14..0efb489 100644 --- a/Doc/library/filecmp.rst +++ b/Doc/library/filecmp.rst @@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ The :class:`dircmp` class Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories *a* and *b*. *ignore* is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to - :attr:`filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES`. *hide* is a list of names to hide, and + :const:`filecmp.DEFAULT_IGNORES`. *hide* is a list of names to hide, and defaults to ``[os.curdir, os.pardir]``. The :class:`dircmp` class compares files by doing *shallow* comparisons diff --git a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst index e5ba9ee..517ea47 100644 --- a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst @@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ FTP_TLS Objects .. attribute:: FTP_TLS.ssl_version - The SSL version to use (defaults to :attr:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`). + The SSL version to use (defaults to :data:`ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23`). .. method:: FTP_TLS.auth() diff --git a/Doc/library/functions.rst b/Doc/library/functions.rst index 3d7e660..e00d079 100644 --- a/Doc/library/functions.rst +++ b/Doc/library/functions.rst @@ -1230,7 +1230,7 @@ are always available. They are listed here in alphabetical order. * Binary files are buffered in fixed-size chunks; the size of the buffer is chosen using a heuristic trying to determine the underlying device's "block - size" and falling back on :attr:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`. On many systems, + size" and falling back on :const:`io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE`. On many systems, the buffer will typically be 4096 or 8192 bytes long. * "Interactive" text files (files for which :meth:`~io.IOBase.isatty` diff --git a/Doc/library/gc.rst b/Doc/library/gc.rst index 5c2d0bb..0ecd938 100644 --- a/Doc/library/gc.rst +++ b/Doc/library/gc.rst @@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ values but should not rebind them): .. versionchanged:: 3.4 Following :pep:`442`, objects with a :meth:`__del__` method don't end - up in :attr:`gc.garbage` anymore. + up in :data:`gc.garbage` anymore. .. data:: callbacks diff --git a/Doc/library/gzip.rst b/Doc/library/gzip.rst index 9afaf86..2f26295 100644 --- a/Doc/library/gzip.rst +++ b/Doc/library/gzip.rst @@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ Command line options .. cmdoption:: file - If *file* is not specified, read from :attr:`sys.stdin`. + If *file* is not specified, read from :data:`sys.stdin`. .. cmdoption:: --fast diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst index 4a563c8..b91e375 100644 --- a/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst +++ b/Doc/library/importlib.resources.abc.rst @@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ suitable for reading (same as :attr:`pathlib.Path.open`). When opening as text, accepts encoding parameters such as those - accepted by :attr:`io.TextIOWrapper`. + accepted by :class:`io.TextIOWrapper`. .. method:: read_bytes() diff --git a/Doc/library/importlib.rst b/Doc/library/importlib.rst index 55668da..386a47b 100644 --- a/Doc/library/importlib.rst +++ b/Doc/library/importlib.rst @@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ ABC hierarchy:: The list of locations where the package's submodules will be found. Most of the time this is a single directory. The import system passes this attribute to ``__import__()`` and to finders - in the same way as :attr:`sys.path` but just for the package. + in the same way as :data:`sys.path` but just for the package. It is not set on non-package modules so it can be used as an indicator that the module is a package. @@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ ABC hierarchy:: automatically. When writing to the path fails because the path is read-only - (:attr:`errno.EACCES`/:exc:`PermissionError`), do not propagate the + (:const:`errno.EACCES`/:exc:`PermissionError`), do not propagate the exception. .. versionchanged:: 3.4 @@ -965,7 +965,7 @@ find and load modules. .. classmethod:: path_hook(*loader_details) - A class method which returns a closure for use on :attr:`sys.path_hooks`. + A class method which returns a closure for use on :data:`sys.path_hooks`. An instance of :class:`FileFinder` is returned by the closure using the path argument given to the closure directly and *loader_details* indirectly. @@ -1306,10 +1306,10 @@ an :term:`importer`. .. function:: find_spec(name, package=None) Find the :term:`spec <module spec>` for a module, optionally relative to - the specified **package** name. If the module is in :attr:`sys.modules`, + the specified **package** name. If the module is in :data:`sys.modules`, then ``sys.modules[name].__spec__`` is returned (unless the spec would be ``None`` or is not set, in which case :exc:`ValueError` is raised). - Otherwise a search using :attr:`sys.meta_path` is done. ``None`` is + Otherwise a search using :data:`sys.meta_path` is done. ``None`` is returned if no spec is found. If **name** is for a submodule (contains a dot), the parent module is @@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ an :term:`importer`. :meth:`~importlib.abc.Loader.create_module` method must return ``None`` or a type for which its ``__class__`` attribute can be mutated along with not using :term:`slots <__slots__>`. Finally, modules which substitute the object - placed into :attr:`sys.modules` will not work as there is no way to properly + placed into :data:`sys.modules` will not work as there is no way to properly replace the module references throughout the interpreter safely; :exc:`ValueError` is raised if such a substitution is detected. @@ -1566,9 +1566,9 @@ For deep customizations of import, you typically want to implement an :term:`importer`. This means managing both the :term:`finder` and :term:`loader` side of things. For finders there are two flavours to choose from depending on your needs: a :term:`meta path finder` or a :term:`path entry finder`. The -former is what you would put on :attr:`sys.meta_path` while the latter is what -you create using a :term:`path entry hook` on :attr:`sys.path_hooks` which works -with :attr:`sys.path` entries to potentially create a finder. This example will +former is what you would put on :data:`sys.meta_path` while the latter is what +you create using a :term:`path entry hook` on :data:`sys.path_hooks` which works +with :data:`sys.path` entries to potentially create a finder. This example will show you how to register your own importers so that import will use them (for creating an importer for yourself, read the documentation for the appropriate classes defined within this package):: diff --git a/Doc/library/json.rst b/Doc/library/json.rst index 5383614..35a0899 100644 --- a/Doc/library/json.rst +++ b/Doc/library/json.rst @@ -683,7 +683,7 @@ The :mod:`json.tool` module provides a simple command line interface to validate and pretty-print JSON objects. If the optional ``infile`` and ``outfile`` arguments are not -specified, :attr:`sys.stdin` and :attr:`sys.stdout` will be used respectively: +specified, :data:`sys.stdin` and :data:`sys.stdout` will be used respectively: .. code-block:: shell-session @@ -721,12 +721,12 @@ Command line options } ] - If *infile* is not specified, read from :attr:`sys.stdin`. + If *infile* is not specified, read from :data:`sys.stdin`. .. cmdoption:: outfile Write the output of the *infile* to the given *outfile*. Otherwise, write it - to :attr:`sys.stdout`. + to :data:`sys.stdout`. .. cmdoption:: --sort-keys diff --git a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst index b645529..7f63825 100644 --- a/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst +++ b/Doc/library/logging.handlers.rst @@ -1051,8 +1051,8 @@ possible, while any potentially slow operations (such as sending an email via occur (e.g. because a bounded queue has filled up), the :meth:`~logging.Handler.handleError` method is called to handle the error. This can result in the record silently being dropped (if - :attr:`logging.raiseExceptions` is ``False``) or a message printed to - ``sys.stderr`` (if :attr:`logging.raiseExceptions` is ``True``). + :data:`logging.raiseExceptions` is ``False``) or a message printed to + ``sys.stderr`` (if :data:`logging.raiseExceptions` is ``True``). .. method:: prepare(record) diff --git a/Doc/library/os.path.rst b/Doc/library/os.path.rst index 1a6b121..8f6dffd 100644 --- a/Doc/library/os.path.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.path.rst @@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ the :mod:`glob` module.) *start*. On Windows, :exc:`ValueError` is raised when *path* and *start* are on different drives. - *start* defaults to :attr:`os.curdir`. + *start* defaults to :data:`os.curdir`. .. availability:: Unix, Windows. diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst index dcd4d9e..31946f1 100644 --- a/Doc/library/os.rst +++ b/Doc/library/os.rst @@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ Notes on the availability of these functions: ``'java'``. .. seealso:: - :attr:`sys.platform` has a finer granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives + :data:`sys.platform` has a finer granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives system-dependent version information. The :mod:`platform` module provides detailed checks for the diff --git a/Doc/library/platform.rst b/Doc/library/platform.rst index dc2d871..60cd6b8 100644 --- a/Doc/library/platform.rst +++ b/Doc/library/platform.rst @@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ Cross Platform universal files containing multiple architectures. To get at the "64-bitness" of the current interpreter, it is more - reliable to query the :attr:`sys.maxsize` attribute:: + reliable to query the :data:`sys.maxsize` attribute:: is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32 diff --git a/Doc/library/shutil.rst b/Doc/library/shutil.rst index ef3fd26..26a5cd5 100644 --- a/Doc/library/shutil.rst +++ b/Doc/library/shutil.rst @@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ Directory and files operations determining if the file exists and executable. When no *path* is specified, the results of :func:`os.environ` are used, - returning either the "PATH" value or a fallback of :attr:`os.defpath`. + returning either the "PATH" value or a fallback of :data:`os.defpath`. On Windows, the current directory is always prepended to the *path* whether or not you use the default or provide your own, which is the behavior the diff --git a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst index f47ed68..4437bc4 100644 --- a/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst +++ b/Doc/library/stdtypes.rst @@ -5591,7 +5591,7 @@ From code, you can inspect the current limit and set a new one using these a getter and setter for the interpreter-wide limit. Subinterpreters have their own limit. -Information about the default and minimum can be found in :attr:`sys.int_info`: +Information about the default and minimum can be found in :data:`sys.int_info`: * :data:`sys.int_info.default_max_str_digits <sys.int_info>` is the compiled-in default limit. diff --git a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst index 4c7fb27..78718f7 100644 --- a/Doc/library/subprocess.rst +++ b/Doc/library/subprocess.rst @@ -1609,7 +1609,7 @@ improves performance. If you ever encounter a presumed highly unusual situation where you need to prevent ``vfork()`` from being used by Python, you can set the -:attr:`subprocess._USE_VFORK` attribute to a false value. +:const:`subprocess._USE_VFORK` attribute to a false value. :: @@ -1617,7 +1617,7 @@ prevent ``vfork()`` from being used by Python, you can set the Setting this has no impact on use of ``posix_spawn()`` which could use ``vfork()`` internally within its libc implementation. There is a similar -:attr:`subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` attribute if you need to prevent use of +:const:`subprocess._USE_POSIX_SPAWN` attribute if you need to prevent use of that. :: diff --git a/Doc/library/sys.rst b/Doc/library/sys.rst index 32713b2..643cdb8 100644 --- a/Doc/library/sys.rst +++ b/Doc/library/sys.rst @@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ always available. Python interpreter. (This information is not available in any other way --- ``modules.keys()`` only lists the imported modules.) - See also the :attr:`sys.stdlib_module_names` list. + See also the :data:`sys.stdlib_module_names` list. .. function:: call_tracing(func, args) @@ -1261,20 +1261,20 @@ always available. ================ =========================== .. versionchanged:: 3.3 - On Linux, :attr:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. + On Linux, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It is always ``'linux'``, instead of ``'linux2'`` or ``'linux3'``. Since older Python versions include the version number, it is recommended to always use the ``startswith`` idiom presented above. .. versionchanged:: 3.8 - On AIX, :attr:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. + On AIX, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It is always ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix5'`` or ``'aix7'``. Since older Python versions include the version number, it is recommended to always use the ``startswith`` idiom presented above. .. seealso:: - :attr:`os.name` has a coarser granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives + :data:`os.name` has a coarser granularity. :func:`os.uname` gives system-dependent version information. The :mod:`platform` module provides detailed checks for the @@ -1685,7 +1685,7 @@ always available. ``email.mime`` sub-package and the ``email.message`` sub-module are not listed. - See also the :attr:`sys.builtin_module_names` list. + See also the :data:`sys.builtin_module_names` list. .. versionadded:: 3.10 diff --git a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst index 4142874..b7b089a 100644 --- a/Doc/library/tarfile.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tarfile.rst @@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ reused in custom filters: Implements the ``'tar'`` filter. - - Strip leading slashes (``/`` and :attr:`os.sep`) from filenames. + - Strip leading slashes (``/`` and :data:`os.sep`) from filenames. - :ref:`Refuse <tarfile-extraction-refuse>` to extract files with absolute paths (in case the name is absolute even after stripping slashes, e.g. ``C:/foo`` on Windows). @@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ reused in custom filters: path (after following symlinks) would end up outside the destination. This raises :class:`~tarfile.OutsideDestinationError`. - Clear high mode bits (setuid, setgid, sticky) and group/other write bits - (:attr:`~stat.S_IWGRP`|:attr:`~stat.S_IWOTH`). + (:const:`~stat.S_IWGRP`|:const:`~stat.S_IWOTH`). Return the modified ``TarInfo`` member. @@ -965,10 +965,10 @@ reused in custom filters: - For regular files, including hard links: - Set the owner read and write permissions - (:attr:`~stat.S_IRUSR`|:attr:`~stat.S_IWUSR`). + (:const:`~stat.S_IRUSR`|:const:`~stat.S_IWUSR`). - Remove the group & other executable permission - (:attr:`~stat.S_IXGRP`|:attr:`~stat.S_IXOTH`) - if the owner doesn’t have it (:attr:`~stat.S_IXUSR`). + (:const:`~stat.S_IXGRP`|:const:`~stat.S_IXOTH`) + if the owner doesn’t have it (:const:`~stat.S_IXUSR`). - For other files (directories), set ``mode`` to ``None``, so that extraction methods skip applying permission bits. diff --git a/Doc/library/test.rst b/Doc/library/test.rst index 0bddd31..73d1178 100644 --- a/Doc/library/test.rst +++ b/Doc/library/test.rst @@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ The :mod:`test.support` module defines the following classes: `SetErrorMode <https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms680621.aspx>`_. On UNIX, :func:`resource.setrlimit` is used to set - :attr:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE`'s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file + :const:`resource.RLIMIT_CORE`'s soft limit to 0 to prevent coredump file creation. On both platforms, the old value is restored by :meth:`__exit__`. diff --git a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst index c8e4317..2aa3442 100644 --- a/Doc/library/tkinter.rst +++ b/Doc/library/tkinter.rst @@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ the modern themed widget set and API:: interpreter and calls :func:`exec` on the contents of :file:`.{className}.py` and :file:`.{baseName}.py`. The path for the profile files is the :envvar:`HOME` environment variable or, if that - isn't defined, then :attr:`os.curdir`. + isn't defined, then :data:`os.curdir`. .. attribute:: tk diff --git a/Doc/library/unittest.rst b/Doc/library/unittest.rst index c2ed7ac..2c6316d 100644 --- a/Doc/library/unittest.rst +++ b/Doc/library/unittest.rst @@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ Test cases If given, *level* should be either a numeric logging level or its string equivalent (for example either ``"ERROR"`` or - :attr:`logging.ERROR`). The default is :attr:`logging.INFO`. + :const:`logging.ERROR`). The default is :const:`logging.INFO`. The test passes if at least one message emitted inside the ``with`` block matches the *logger* and *level* conditions, otherwise it fails. @@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ Test cases If given, *level* should be either a numeric logging level or its string equivalent (for example either ``"ERROR"`` or - :attr:`logging.ERROR`). The default is :attr:`logging.INFO`. + :const:`logging.ERROR`). The default is :const:`logging.INFO`. Unlike :meth:`assertLogs`, nothing will be returned by the context manager. diff --git a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst index 112d5f8..d2a39c5 100644 --- a/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst +++ b/Doc/reference/datamodel.rst @@ -2482,8 +2482,8 @@ through the object's keys; for sequences, it should iterate through the values. .. impl-detail:: - In CPython, the length is required to be at most :attr:`sys.maxsize`. - If the length is larger than :attr:`!sys.maxsize` some features (such as + In CPython, the length is required to be at most :data:`sys.maxsize`. + If the length is larger than :data:`!sys.maxsize` some features (such as :func:`len`) may raise :exc:`OverflowError`. To prevent raising :exc:`!OverflowError` by truth value testing, an object must define a :meth:`__bool__` method. diff --git a/Doc/using/windows.rst b/Doc/using/windows.rst index f51a524..2a07e42 100644 --- a/Doc/using/windows.rst +++ b/Doc/using/windows.rst @@ -1188,7 +1188,7 @@ non-standard paths in the registry and user site-packages. Modules specified in the registry under ``Modules`` (not ``PythonPath``) may be imported by :class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder`. This finder is enabled on Windows in 3.6.0 and earlier, but may need to - be explicitly added to :attr:`sys.meta_path` in the future. + be explicitly added to :data:`sys.meta_path` in the future. Additional modules ================== diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst index dcfaef6..b410fe1 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/2.5.rst @@ -1448,10 +1448,10 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the SVN logs for all the details. return times that are precise to fractions of a second; not all systems support such precision.) - Constants named :attr:`os.SEEK_SET`, :attr:`os.SEEK_CUR`, and - :attr:`os.SEEK_END` have been added; these are the parameters to the + Constants named :const:`os.SEEK_SET`, :const:`os.SEEK_CUR`, and + :const:`os.SEEK_END` have been added; these are the parameters to the :func:`os.lseek` function. Two new constants for locking are - :attr:`os.O_SHLOCK` and :attr:`os.O_EXLOCK`. + :const:`os.O_SHLOCK` and :const:`os.O_EXLOCK`. Two new functions, :func:`wait3` and :func:`wait4`, were added. They're similar the :func:`waitpid` function which waits for a child process to exit and returns @@ -1602,7 +1602,7 @@ complete list of changes, or look through the SVN logs for all the details. * The :mod:`unicodedata` module has been updated to use version 4.1.0 of the Unicode character database. Version 3.2.0 is required by some specifications, - so it's still available as :attr:`unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0`. + so it's still available as :data:`unicodedata.ucd_3_2_0`. * New module: the :mod:`uuid` module generates universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) according to :rfc:`4122`. The RFC defines several different UUID diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst index fba8816..e4365d4 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.1.rst @@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules * The :mod:`io` module has three new constants for the :meth:`seek` method :data:`SEEK_SET`, :data:`SEEK_CUR`, and :data:`SEEK_END`. -* The :attr:`sys.version_info` tuple is now a named tuple:: +* The :data:`sys.version_info` tuple is now a named tuple:: >>> sys.version_info sys.version_info(major=3, minor=1, micro=0, releaselevel='alpha', serial=2) @@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include: Apart from the performance improvements this change should be invisible to end users, with one exception: for testing and debugging purposes there's a - new :attr:`sys.int_info` that provides information about the + new :data:`sys.int_info` that provides information about the internal format, giving the number of bits per digit and the size in bytes of the C type used to store each digit:: diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst index b912b94..973ce15 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst @@ -642,7 +642,7 @@ dataclasses datetime -------- -* Add :attr:`datetime.UTC`, a convenience alias for +* Add :const:`datetime.UTC`, a convenience alias for :attr:`datetime.timezone.utc`. (Contributed by Kabir Kwatra in :gh:`91973`.) * :meth:`datetime.date.fromisoformat`, :meth:`datetime.time.fromisoformat` and diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst index 8e2f9e2..2e4c8ee 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.2.rst @@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ protocols, the users must to be able access the environment using native strings even though the underlying platform may have a different convention. To bridge this gap, the :mod:`wsgiref` module has a new function, :func:`wsgiref.handlers.read_environ` for transcoding CGI variables from -:attr:`os.environ` into native strings and returning a new dictionary. +:data:`os.environ` into native strings and returning a new dictionary. .. seealso:: @@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: * The interpreter can now be started with a quiet option, ``-q``, to prevent the copyright and version information from being displayed in the interactive - mode. The option can be introspected using the :attr:`sys.flags` attribute: + mode. The option can be introspected using the :data:`sys.flags` attribute: .. code-block:: shell-session @@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: * The internal :c:type:`structsequence` tool now creates subclasses of tuple. This means that C structures like those returned by :func:`os.stat`, - :func:`time.gmtime`, and :attr:`sys.version_info` now work like a + :func:`time.gmtime`, and :data:`sys.version_info` now work like a :term:`named tuple` and now work with functions and methods that expect a tuple as an argument. This is a big step forward in making the C structures as flexible as their pure Python counterparts: @@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: module, or on the command line. A :exc:`ResourceWarning` is issued at interpreter shutdown if the - :data:`gc.garbage` list isn't empty, and if :attr:`gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` is + :data:`gc.garbage` list isn't empty, and if :const:`gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE` is set, all uncollectable objects are printed. This is meant to make the programmer aware that their code contains object finalization issues. @@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: :class:`collections.Sequence` :term:`abstract base class`. As a result, the language will have a more uniform API. In addition, :class:`range` objects now support slicing and negative indices, even with values larger than - :attr:`sys.maxsize`. This makes *range* more interoperable with lists:: + :data:`sys.maxsize`. This makes *range* more interoperable with lists:: >>> range(0, 100, 2).count(10) 1 @@ -1005,13 +1005,13 @@ datetime and time after 1900. The new supported year range is from 1000 to 9999 inclusive. * Whenever a two-digit year is used in a time tuple, the interpretation has been - governed by :attr:`time.accept2dyear`. The default is ``True`` which means that + governed by :data:`time.accept2dyear`. The default is ``True`` which means that for a two-digit year, the century is guessed according to the POSIX rules governing the ``%y`` strptime format. Starting with Py3.2, use of the century guessing heuristic will emit a :exc:`DeprecationWarning`. Instead, it is recommended that - :attr:`time.accept2dyear` be set to ``False`` so that large date ranges + :data:`time.accept2dyear` be set to ``False`` so that large date ranges can be used without guesswork:: >>> import time, warnings @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ datetime and time 'Fri Jan 1 12:34:56 11' Several functions now have significantly expanded date ranges. When - :attr:`time.accept2dyear` is false, the :func:`time.asctime` function will + :data:`time.accept2dyear` is false, the :func:`time.asctime` function will accept any year that fits in a C int, while the :func:`time.mktime` and :func:`time.strftime` functions will accept the full range supported by the corresponding operating system functions. @@ -1192,11 +1192,11 @@ can be set to "$" for the shell-style formatting provided by If no configuration is set-up before a logging event occurs, there is now a default configuration using a :class:`~logging.StreamHandler` directed to -:attr:`sys.stderr` for events of ``WARNING`` level or higher. Formerly, an +:data:`sys.stderr` for events of ``WARNING`` level or higher. Formerly, an event occurring before a configuration was set-up would either raise an exception or silently drop the event depending on the value of -:attr:`logging.raiseExceptions`. The new default handler is stored in -:attr:`logging.lastResort`. +:data:`logging.raiseExceptions`. The new default handler is stored in +:data:`logging.lastResort`. The use of filters has been simplified. Instead of creating a :class:`~logging.Filter` object, the predicate can be any Python callable that @@ -1298,7 +1298,7 @@ values are equal (:issue:`8188`):: hash(Decimal("1.5")) == hash(complex(1.5, 0)) Some of the hashing details are exposed through a new attribute, -:attr:`sys.hash_info`, which describes the bit width of the hash value, the +:data:`sys.hash_info`, which describes the bit width of the hash value, the prime modulus, the hash values for *infinity* and *nan*, and the multiplier used for the imaginary part of a number: @@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ select ------ The :mod:`select` module now exposes a new, constant attribute, -:attr:`~select.PIPE_BUF`, which gives the minimum number of bytes which are +:const:`~select.PIPE_BUF`, which gives the minimum number of bytes which are guaranteed not to block when :func:`select.select` says a pipe is ready for writing. @@ -1527,7 +1527,7 @@ filenames: b'Sehensw\xc3\xbcrdigkeiten' Some operating systems allow direct access to encoded bytes in the -environment. If so, the :attr:`os.supports_bytes_environ` constant will be +environment. If so, the :const:`os.supports_bytes_environ` constant will be true. For direct access to encoded environment variables (if available), @@ -2300,7 +2300,7 @@ turtledemo The demonstration code for the :mod:`turtle` module was moved from the *Demo* directory to main library. It includes over a dozen sample scripts with -lively displays. Being on :attr:`sys.path`, it can now be run directly +lively displays. Being on :data:`sys.path`, it can now be run directly from the command-line: .. code-block:: shell-session @@ -2564,7 +2564,7 @@ Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include: (:issue:`2443`). * A new C API function :c:func:`PySys_SetArgvEx` allows an embedded interpreter - to set :attr:`sys.argv` without also modifying :attr:`sys.path` + to set :data:`sys.argv` without also modifying :data:`sys.path` (:issue:`5753`). * :c:macro:`PyEval_CallObject` is now only available in macro form. The diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst index 74cfa83..9bbf52c 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.3.rst @@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ PEP 421: Adding sys.implementation A new attribute on the :mod:`sys` module exposes details specific to the implementation of the currently running interpreter. The initial set of -attributes on :attr:`sys.implementation` are ``name``, ``version``, +attributes on :data:`sys.implementation` are ``name``, ``version``, ``hexversion``, and ``cache_tag``. The intention of ``sys.implementation`` is to consolidate into one namespace @@ -718,7 +718,7 @@ and does not enforce any method requirements. In terms of finders, :class:`importlib.machinery.FileFinder` exposes the mechanism used to search for source and bytecode files of a module. Previously -this class was an implicit member of :attr:`sys.path_hooks`. +this class was an implicit member of :data:`sys.path_hooks`. For loaders, the new abstract base class :class:`importlib.abc.FileLoader` helps write a loader that uses the file system as the storage mechanism for a module's @@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ provide the full name of the module now instead of just the tail end of the module's name. The :func:`importlib.invalidate_caches` function will now call the method with -the same name on all finders cached in :attr:`sys.path_importer_cache` to help +the same name on all finders cached in :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` to help clean up any stored state as necessary. Visible Changes @@ -744,8 +744,8 @@ For potential required changes to code, see the `Porting Python code`_ section. Beyond the expanse of what :mod:`importlib` now exposes, there are other -visible changes to import. The biggest is that :attr:`sys.meta_path` and -:attr:`sys.path_hooks` now store all of the meta path finders and path entry +visible changes to import. The biggest is that :data:`sys.meta_path` and +:data:`sys.path_hooks` now store all of the meta path finders and path entry hooks used by import. Previously the finders were implicit and hidden within the C code of import instead of being directly exposed. This means that one can now easily remove or change the order of the various finders to fit one's needs. @@ -760,9 +760,9 @@ Loaders are also now expected to set the ``__package__`` attribute from :pep:`366`. Once again, import itself is already setting this on all loaders from :mod:`importlib` and import itself is setting the attribute post-load. -``None`` is now inserted into :attr:`sys.path_importer_cache` when no finder -can be found on :attr:`sys.path_hooks`. Since :class:`imp.NullImporter` is not -directly exposed on :attr:`sys.path_hooks` it could no longer be relied upon to +``None`` is now inserted into :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` when no finder +can be found on :data:`sys.path_hooks`. Since :class:`imp.NullImporter` is not +directly exposed on :data:`sys.path_hooks` it could no longer be relied upon to always be available to use as a value representing no finder found. All other changes relate to semantic changes which should be taken into @@ -1951,7 +1951,7 @@ ssl * You can query the SSL compression algorithm used by an SSL socket, thanks to its new :meth:`~ssl.SSLSocket.compression` method. The new attribute - :attr:`~ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION` can be used to disable compression. + :const:`~ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION` can be used to disable compression. (Contributed by Antoine Pitrou in :issue:`13634`.) * Support has been added for the Next Protocol Negotiation extension using @@ -1965,7 +1965,7 @@ ssl * The :func:`~ssl.get_server_certificate` function now supports IPv6. (Contributed by Charles-François Natali in :issue:`11811`.) -* New attribute :attr:`~ssl.OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE` allows setting +* New attribute :const:`~ssl.OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE` allows setting SSLv3 server sockets to use the server's cipher ordering preference rather than the client's (:issue:`13635`). @@ -2140,7 +2140,7 @@ New attribute :attr:`zlib.Decompress.eof` makes it possible to distinguish between a properly formed compressed stream and an incomplete or truncated one. (Contributed by Nadeem Vawda in :issue:`12646`.) -New attribute :attr:`zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION` reports the version string of +New attribute :const:`zlib.ZLIB_RUNTIME_VERSION` reports the version string of the underlying ``zlib`` library that is loaded at runtime. (Contributed by Torsten Landschoff in :issue:`12306`.) @@ -2377,16 +2377,16 @@ Porting Python code * :func:`__import__` no longer allows one to use an index value other than 0 for top-level modules. E.g. ``__import__('sys', level=1)`` is now an error. -* Because :attr:`sys.meta_path` and :attr:`sys.path_hooks` now have finders on +* Because :data:`sys.meta_path` and :data:`sys.path_hooks` now have finders on them by default, you will most likely want to use :meth:`list.insert` instead of :meth:`list.append` to add to those lists. -* Because ``None`` is now inserted into :attr:`sys.path_importer_cache`, if you +* Because ``None`` is now inserted into :data:`sys.path_importer_cache`, if you are clearing out entries in the dictionary of paths that do not have a finder, you will need to remove keys paired with values of ``None`` **and** :class:`imp.NullImporter` to be backwards-compatible. This will lead to extra overhead on older versions of Python that re-insert ``None`` into - :attr:`sys.path_importer_cache` where it represents the use of implicit + :data:`sys.path_importer_cache` where it represents the use of implicit finders, but semantically it should not change anything. * :class:`importlib.abc.Finder` no longer specifies a ``find_module()`` abstract @@ -2444,7 +2444,7 @@ Porting Python code error instead of sleeping forever. It has always raised an error on posix. * The ``ast.__version__`` constant has been removed. If you need to - make decisions affected by the AST version, use :attr:`sys.version_info` + make decisions affected by the AST version, use :data:`sys.version_info` to make the decision. * Code that used to work around the fact that the :mod:`threading` module used diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst index 9f894b4..7436a55 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.4.rst @@ -1323,14 +1323,14 @@ ability to query or set the resource limits for processes other than the one making the call. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`16595`.) On Linux kernel version 2.6.36 or later, there are also some new -Linux specific constants: :attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE`, -:attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_NICE`, :attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO`, -:attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME`, and :attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING`. +Linux specific constants: :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE`, +:const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NICE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTPRIO`, +:const:`~resource.RLIMIT_RTTIME`, and :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SIGPENDING`. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`19324`.) On FreeBSD version 9 and later, there some new FreeBSD specific constants: -:attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE`, :attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_SWAP`, and -:attr:`~resource.RLIMIT_NPTS`. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in +:const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SBSIZE`, :const:`~resource.RLIMIT_SWAP`, and +:const:`~resource.RLIMIT_NPTS`. (Contributed by Claudiu Popa in :issue:`19343`.) @@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ implementation is required as most of the values aren't standardized and are platform-dependent. (Contributed by Christian Heimes in :issue:`11016`.) The module supports new :mod:`~stat.ST_MODE` flags, :mod:`~stat.S_IFDOOR`, -:attr:`~stat.S_IFPORT`, and :attr:`~stat.S_IFWHT`. (Contributed by +:const:`~stat.S_IFPORT`, and :const:`~stat.S_IFWHT`. (Contributed by Christian Hiemes in :issue:`11016`.) @@ -1849,7 +1849,7 @@ Python's default implementation to a SipHash implementation on platforms that have a 64 bit data type. Any performance differences in comparison with the older FNV algorithm are trivial. -The PEP adds additional fields to the :attr:`sys.hash_info` named tuple to +The PEP adds additional fields to the :data:`sys.hash_info` named tuple to describe the hash algorithm in use by the currently executing binary. Otherwise, the PEP does not alter any existing CPython APIs. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst index 79cceec..20c43e0 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.6.rst @@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ are treated as punctuation. site ---- -When specifying paths to add to :attr:`sys.path` in a ``.pth`` file, +When specifying paths to add to :data:`sys.path` in a ``.pth`` file, you may now specify file paths on top of directories (e.g. zip files). (Contributed by Wolfgang Langner in :issue:`26587`). @@ -2010,7 +2010,7 @@ been deprecated in previous versions of Python in favour of :meth:`importlib.abc.Loader.exec_module`. The :class:`importlib.machinery.WindowsRegistryFinder` class is now -deprecated. As of 3.6.0, it is still added to :attr:`sys.meta_path` by +deprecated. As of 3.6.0, it is still added to :data:`sys.meta_path` by default (on Windows), but this may change in future releases. os diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst index 54b2a4f..90220df 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.8.rst @@ -1836,7 +1836,7 @@ Changes in Python behavior classes will affect their string representation. (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :issue:`36793`.) -* On AIX, :attr:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. +* On AIX, :data:`sys.platform` doesn't contain the major version anymore. It is always ``'aix'``, instead of ``'aix3'`` .. ``'aix7'``. Since older Python versions include the version number, so it is recommended to always use ``sys.platform.startswith('aix')``. diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst index 49c8bd2..c7466c1 100644 --- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst +++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.9.rst @@ -692,13 +692,13 @@ which has nanosecond resolution, rather than sys --- -Added a new :attr:`sys.platlibdir` attribute: name of the platform-specific +Added a new :data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute: name of the platform-specific library directory. It is used to build the path of standard library and the paths of installed extension modules. It is equal to ``"lib"`` on most platforms. On Fedora and SuSE, it is equal to ``"lib64"`` on 64-bit platforms. (Contributed by Jan Matějek, Matěj Cepl, Charalampos Stratakis and Victor Stinner in :issue:`1294959`.) -Previously, :attr:`sys.stderr` was block-buffered when non-interactive. Now +Previously, :data:`sys.stderr` was block-buffered when non-interactive. Now ``stderr`` defaults to always being line-buffered. (Contributed by Jendrik Seipp in :issue:`13601`.) @@ -1226,8 +1226,8 @@ Build Changes ============= * Added ``--with-platlibdir`` option to the ``configure`` script: name of the - platform-specific library directory, stored in the new :attr:`sys.platlibdir` - attribute. See :attr:`sys.platlibdir` attribute for more information. + platform-specific library directory, stored in the new :data:`sys.platlibdir` + attribute. See :data:`sys.platlibdir` attribute for more information. (Contributed by Jan Matějek, Matěj Cepl, Charalampos Stratakis and Victor Stinner in :issue:`1294959`.) |