summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Doc/library/httplib.rst
blob: aae2219cfba27c47b533ce46540e59b45096717b (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552

:mod:`httplib` --- HTTP protocol client
=======================================

.. module:: httplib
   :synopsis: HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets).


.. index::
   pair: HTTP; protocol
   single: HTTP; httplib (standard module)

.. index:: module: urllib

This module defines classes which implement the client side of the HTTP and
HTTPS protocols.  It is normally not used directly --- the module :mod:`urllib`
uses it to handle URLs that use HTTP and HTTPS.

.. note::

   HTTPS support is only available if the :mod:`socket` module was compiled with
   SSL support.

.. note::

   The public interface for this module changed substantially in Python 2.0.  The
   :class:`HTTP` class is retained only for backward compatibility with 1.5.2.  It
   should not be used in new code.  Refer to the online docstrings for usage.

The module provides the following classes:


.. class:: HTTPConnection(host[, port[, strict[, timeout]]])

   An :class:`HTTPConnection` instance represents one transaction with an HTTP
   server.  It should be instantiated passing it a host and optional port number.
   If no port number is passed, the port is extracted from the host string if it
   has the form ``host:port``, else the default HTTP port (80) is used.  When True,
   the optional parameter *strict* causes ``BadStatusLine`` to be raised if the
   status line can't be parsed as a valid HTTP/1.0 or 1.1 status line.  If the
   optional *timeout* parameter is given, connection attempts will timeout after
   that many seconds (if it is not given or ``None``, the global default  timeout
   setting is used).

   For example, the following calls all create instances that connect to the server
   at the same host and port::

      >>> h1 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl')
      >>> h2 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl:80')
      >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80)
      >>> h3 = httplib.HTTPConnection('www.cwi.nl', 80, timeout=10)

   .. versionadded:: 2.0

   .. versionchanged:: 2.6
      *timeout* was added.


.. class:: HTTPSConnection(host[, port[, key_file[, cert_file[, strict[, timeout]]]]])

   A subclass of :class:`HTTPConnection` that uses SSL for communication with
   secure servers.  Default port is ``443``. *key_file* is the name of a PEM
   formatted file that contains your private key. *cert_file* is a PEM formatted
   certificate chain file.

   .. warning::

      This does not do any certificate verification!

   .. versionadded:: 2.0

   .. versionchanged:: 2.6
      *timeout* was added.


.. class:: HTTPResponse(sock[, debuglevel=0][, strict=0])

   Class whose instances are returned upon successful connection.  Not instantiated
   directly by user.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0

The following exceptions are raised as appropriate:


.. exception:: HTTPException

   The base class of the other exceptions in this module.  It is a subclass of
   :exc:`Exception`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: NotConnected

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: InvalidURL

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`, raised if a port is given and is either
   non-numeric or empty.

   .. versionadded:: 2.3


.. exception:: UnknownProtocol

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: UnknownTransferEncoding

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: UnimplementedFileMode

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: IncompleteRead

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: ImproperConnectionState

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: CannotSendRequest

   A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: CannotSendHeader

   A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: ResponseNotReady

   A subclass of :exc:`ImproperConnectionState`.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0


.. exception:: BadStatusLine

   A subclass of :exc:`HTTPException`.  Raised if a server responds with a HTTP
   status code that we don't understand.

   .. versionadded:: 2.0

The constants defined in this module are:


.. data:: HTTP_PORT

   The default port for the HTTP protocol (always ``80``).


.. data:: HTTPS_PORT

   The default port for the HTTPS protocol (always ``443``).

and also the following constants for integer status codes:

+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Constant                                 | Value   | Definition                                                            |
+==========================================+=========+=======================================================================+
| :const:`CONTINUE`                        | ``100`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.1.1                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.1>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS`             | ``101`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.1.2                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.1.2>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PROCESSING`                      | ``102`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.1                                       |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_102>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`OK`                              | ``200`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.1                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.1>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`CREATED`                         | ``201`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.2                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.2>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`ACCEPTED`                        | ``202`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.3                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.3>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION`   | ``203`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.4                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.4>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NO_CONTENT`                      | ``204`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.5                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.5>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`RESET_CONTENT`                   | ``205`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.6                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.6>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PARTIAL_CONTENT`                 | ``206`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.2.7                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.2.7>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MULTI_STATUS`                    | ``207`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.2                                        |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_207>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`IM_USED`                         | ``226`` | Delta encoding in HTTP,                                               |
|                                          |         | :rfc:`3229`, Section 10.4.1                                           |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MULTIPLE_CHOICES`                | ``300`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.1                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.1>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`MOVED_PERMANENTLY`               | ``301`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.2                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.2>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FOUND`                           | ``302`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.3                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.3>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SEE_OTHER`                       | ``303`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.4                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.4>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_MODIFIED`                    | ``304`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.5                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.5>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`USE_PROXY`                       | ``305`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.6                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.6>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`TEMPORARY_REDIRECT`              | ``307`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.3.8                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.3.8>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`BAD_REQUEST`                     | ``400`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.1                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.1>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNAUTHORIZED`                    | ``401`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.2                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.2>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PAYMENT_REQUIRED`                | ``402`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.3                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.3>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FORBIDDEN`                       | ``403`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.4                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.4>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_FOUND`                       | ``404`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.5                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.5>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED`              | ``405`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.6                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.6>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_ACCEPTABLE`                  | ``406`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.7                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.7>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED`   | ``407`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.8                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.8>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_TIMEOUT`                 | ``408`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.9                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.9>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`CONFLICT`                        | ``409`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.10                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.10>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`GONE`                            | ``410`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.11                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.11>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`LENGTH_REQUIRED`                 | ``411`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.12                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.12>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`PRECONDITION_FAILED`             | ``412`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.13                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.13>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE`        | ``413`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.14                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.14>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG`            | ``414`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.15                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.15>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE`          | ``415`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.16                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.16>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE` | ``416`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.17                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.17>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`EXPECTATION_FAILED`              | ``417`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.4.18                                                               |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.4.18>`_ |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY`            | ``422`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.3                                       |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_422>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`LOCKED`                          | ``423`` | WEBDAV `RFC 2518, Section 10.4                                        |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_423>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`FAILED_DEPENDENCY`               | ``424`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.5                                       |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_424>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`UPGRADE_REQUIRED`                | ``426`` | HTTP Upgrade to TLS,                                                  |
|                                          |         | :rfc:`2817`, Section 6                                                |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR`           | ``500`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.5.1                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.1>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_IMPLEMENTED`                 | ``501`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.5.2                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.2>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`BAD_GATEWAY`                     | ``502`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section                                           |
|                                          |         | 10.5.3                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.3>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE`             | ``503`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.5.4                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.4>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`GATEWAY_TIMEOUT`                 | ``504`` | HTTP/1.1 `RFC 2616, Section                                           |
|                                          |         | 10.5.5                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.5>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED`      | ``505`` | HTTP/1.1, `RFC 2616, Section                                          |
|                                          |         | 10.5.6                                                                |
|                                          |         | <http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec10.html#sec10.5.6>`_  |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE`            | ``507`` | WEBDAV, `RFC 2518, Section 10.6                                       |
|                                          |         | <http://www.webdav.org/specs/rfc2518.html#STATUS_507>`_               |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| :const:`NOT_EXTENDED`                    | ``510`` | An HTTP Extension Framework,                                          |
|                                          |         | :rfc:`2774`, Section 7                                                |
+------------------------------------------+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+


.. data:: responses

   This dictionary maps the HTTP 1.1 status codes to the W3C names.

   Example: ``httplib.responses[httplib.NOT_FOUND]`` is ``'Not Found'``.

   .. versionadded:: 2.5


.. _httpconnection-objects:

HTTPConnection Objects
----------------------

:class:`HTTPConnection` instances have the following methods:


.. method:: HTTPConnection.request(method, url[, body[, headers]])

   This will send a request to the server using the HTTP request method *method*
   and the selector *url*.  If the *body* argument is present, it should be a
   string of data to send after the headers are finished. Alternatively, it may
   be an open file object, in which case the contents of the file is sent; this
   file object should support ``fileno()`` and ``read()`` methods. The header
   Content-Length is automatically set to the correct value. The *headers*
   argument should be a mapping of extra HTTP headers to send with the request.

   .. versionchanged:: 2.6
      *body* can be a file object.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.getresponse()

   Should be called after a request is sent to get the response from the server.
   Returns an :class:`HTTPResponse` instance.

   .. note::

      Note that you must have read the whole response before you can send a new
      request to the server.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.set_debuglevel(level)

   Set the debugging level (the amount of debugging output printed). The default
   debug level is ``0``, meaning no debugging output is printed.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.connect()

   Connect to the server specified when the object was created.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.close()

   Close the connection to the server.

As an alternative to using the :meth:`request` method described above, you can
also send your request step by step, by using the four functions below.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.putrequest(request, selector[, skip_host[, skip_accept_encoding]])

   This should be the first call after the connection to the server has been made.
   It sends a line to the server consisting of the *request* string, the *selector*
   string, and the HTTP version (``HTTP/1.1``).  To disable automatic sending of
   ``Host:`` or ``Accept-Encoding:`` headers (for example to accept additional
   content encodings), specify *skip_host* or *skip_accept_encoding* with non-False
   values.

   .. versionchanged:: 2.4
      *skip_accept_encoding* argument added.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.putheader(header, argument[, ...])

   Send an :rfc:`822`\ -style header to the server.  It sends a line to the server
   consisting of the header, a colon and a space, and the first argument.  If more
   arguments are given, continuation lines are sent, each consisting of a tab and
   an argument.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.endheaders()

   Send a blank line to the server, signalling the end of the headers.


.. method:: HTTPConnection.send(data)

   Send data to the server.  This should be used directly only after the
   :meth:`endheaders` method has been called and before :meth:`getresponse` is
   called.


.. _httpresponse-objects:

HTTPResponse Objects
--------------------

:class:`HTTPResponse` instances have the following methods and attributes:


.. method:: HTTPResponse.read([amt])

   Reads and returns the response body, or up to the next *amt* bytes.


.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheader(name[, default])

   Get the contents of the header *name*, or *default* if there is no matching
   header.


.. method:: HTTPResponse.getheaders()

   Return a list of (header, value) tuples.

   .. versionadded:: 2.4


.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.msg

   A :class:`mimetools.Message` instance containing the response headers.


.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.version

   HTTP protocol version used by server.  10 for HTTP/1.0, 11 for HTTP/1.1.


.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.status

   Status code returned by server.


.. attribute:: HTTPResponse.reason

   Reason phrase returned by server.


.. _httplib-examples:

Examples
--------

Here is an example session that uses the ``GET`` method::

   >>> import httplib
   >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("www.python.org")
   >>> conn.request("GET", "/index.html")
   >>> r1 = conn.getresponse()
   >>> print r1.status, r1.reason
   200 OK
   >>> data1 = r1.read()
   >>> conn.request("GET", "/parrot.spam")
   >>> r2 = conn.getresponse()
   >>> print r2.status, r2.reason
   404 Not Found
   >>> data2 = r2.read()
   >>> conn.close()

Here is an example session that shows how to ``POST`` requests::

   >>> import httplib, urllib
   >>> params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
   >>> headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
   ...            "Accept": "text/plain"}
   >>> conn = httplib.HTTPConnection("musi-cal.mojam.com:80")
   >>> conn.request("POST", "/cgi-bin/query", params, headers)
   >>> response = conn.getresponse()
   >>> print response.status, response.reason
   200 OK
   >>> data = response.read()
   >>> conn.close()