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"""functools.py - Tools for working with functions and callable objects
"""
# Python module wrapper for _functools C module
# to allow utilities written in Python to be added
# to the functools module.
# Written by Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan at gmail.com>
# and Raymond Hettinger <python at rcn.com>
# Copyright (C) 2006-2010 Python Software Foundation.
# See C source code for _functools credits/copyright
__all__ = ['update_wrapper', 'wraps', 'WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS', 'WRAPPER_UPDATES',
'total_ordering', 'cmp_to_key', 'lfu_cache', 'lru_cache']
from _functools import partial, reduce
from collections import OrderedDict, Counter
from heapq import nsmallest
from operator import itemgetter
# update_wrapper() and wraps() are tools to help write
# wrapper functions that can handle naive introspection
WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS = ('__module__', '__name__', '__doc__')
WRAPPER_UPDATES = ('__dict__',)
def update_wrapper(wrapper,
wrapped,
assigned = WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
updated = WRAPPER_UPDATES):
"""Update a wrapper function to look like the wrapped function
wrapper is the function to be updated
wrapped is the original function
assigned is a tuple naming the attributes assigned directly
from the wrapped function to the wrapper function (defaults to
functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS)
updated is a tuple naming the attributes of the wrapper that
are updated with the corresponding attribute from the wrapped
function (defaults to functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES)
"""
for attr in assigned:
setattr(wrapper, attr, getattr(wrapped, attr))
for attr in updated:
getattr(wrapper, attr).update(getattr(wrapped, attr, {}))
# Return the wrapper so this can be used as a decorator via partial()
return wrapper
def wraps(wrapped,
assigned = WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS,
updated = WRAPPER_UPDATES):
"""Decorator factory to apply update_wrapper() to a wrapper function
Returns a decorator that invokes update_wrapper() with the decorated
function as the wrapper argument and the arguments to wraps() as the
remaining arguments. Default arguments are as for update_wrapper().
This is a convenience function to simplify applying partial() to
update_wrapper().
"""
return partial(update_wrapper, wrapped=wrapped,
assigned=assigned, updated=updated)
def total_ordering(cls):
"""Class decorator that fills in missing ordering methods"""
convert = {
'__lt__': [('__gt__', lambda self, other: other < self),
('__le__', lambda self, other: not other < self),
('__ge__', lambda self, other: not self < other)],
'__le__': [('__ge__', lambda self, other: other <= self),
('__lt__', lambda self, other: not other <= self),
('__gt__', lambda self, other: not self <= other)],
'__gt__': [('__lt__', lambda self, other: other > self),
('__ge__', lambda self, other: not other > self),
('__le__', lambda self, other: not self > other)],
'__ge__': [('__le__', lambda self, other: other >= self),
('__gt__', lambda self, other: not other >= self),
('__lt__', lambda self, other: not self >= other)]
}
roots = set(dir(cls)) & set(convert)
if not roots:
raise ValueError('must define at least one ordering operation: < > <= >=')
root = max(roots) # prefer __lt__ to __le__ to __gt__ to __ge__
for opname, opfunc in convert[root]:
if opname not in roots:
opfunc.__name__ = opname
opfunc.__doc__ = getattr(int, opname).__doc__
setattr(cls, opname, opfunc)
return cls
def cmp_to_key(mycmp):
"""Convert a cmp= function into a key= function"""
class K(object):
def __init__(self, obj, *args):
self.obj = obj
def __lt__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) < 0
def __gt__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) > 0
def __eq__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) == 0
def __le__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) <= 0
def __ge__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) >= 0
def __ne__(self, other):
return mycmp(self.obj, other.obj) != 0
def __hash__(self):
raise TypeError('hash not implemented')
return K
def lfu_cache(maxsize=100):
'''Least-frequently-used cache decorator.
Arguments to the cached function must be hashable.
Cache performance statistics stored in f.hits and f.misses.
Clear the cache using f.clear().
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Least-Frequently_Used
'''
def decorating_function(user_function):
cache = {} # mapping of args to results
use_count = Counter() # times each key has been accessed
kwd_mark = object() # separate positional and keyword args
@wraps(user_function)
def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
key = args
if kwds:
key += (kwd_mark,) + tuple(sorted(kwds.items()))
use_count[key] += 1 # count a use of this key
try:
result = cache[key]
wrapper.hits += 1
except KeyError:
result = user_function(*args, **kwds)
cache[key] = result
wrapper.misses += 1
if len(cache) > maxsize:
# purge the 10% least frequently used entries
for key, _ in nsmallest(maxsize // 10,
use_count.items(),
key=itemgetter(1)):
del cache[key], use_count[key]
return result
def clear():
'Clear the cache and cache statistics'
cache.clear()
use_count.clear()
wrapper.hits = wrapper.misses = 0
wrapper.hits = wrapper.misses = 0
wrapper.clear = clear
return wrapper
return decorating_function
def lru_cache(maxsize=100):
'''Least-recently-used cache decorator.
Arguments to the cached function must be hashable.
Cache performance statistics stored in f.hits and f.misses.
Clear the cache using f.clear().
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cache_algorithms#Least_Recently_Used
'''
def decorating_function(user_function):
cache = OrderedDict() # ordered least recent to most recent
kwd_mark = object() # separate positional and keyword args
@wraps(user_function)
def wrapper(*args, **kwds):
key = args
if kwds:
key += (kwd_mark,) + tuple(sorted(kwds.items()))
try:
result = cache.pop(key)
wrapper.hits += 1
except KeyError:
result = user_function(*args, **kwds)
wrapper.misses += 1
if len(cache) >= maxsize:
cache.popitem(0) # purge least recently used cache entry
cache[key] = result # record recent use of this key
return result
def clear():
'Clear the cache and cache statistics'
cache.clear()
wrapper.hits = wrapper.misses = 0
wrapper.hits = wrapper.misses = 0
wrapper.clear = clear
return wrapper
return decorating_function
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