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[See end for tips.]
Click on the dotted line at the top of a menu to "tear it off": a
separate window containing the menu is created.
File menu:
New window -- create a new editing window
Open... -- open an existing file
Open module... -- open an existing module (searches sys.path)
Class browser -- show classes and methods in current file
Path browser -- show sys.path directories, modules, classes
and methods
---
Save -- save current window to the associated file (unsaved
windows have a * before and after the window title)
Save As... -- save current window to new file, which becomes
the associated file
Save Copy As... -- save current window to different file
without changing the associated file
---
Close -- close current window (asks to save if unsaved)
Exit -- close all windows and quit IDLE (asks to save if unsaved)
Edit menu:
Undo -- Undo last change to current window (max 1000 changes)
Redo -- Redo last undone change to current window
---
Cut -- Copy selection into system-wide clipboard; then delete selection
Copy -- Copy selection into system-wide clipboard
Paste -- Insert system-wide clipboard into window
Select All -- Select the entire contents of the edit buffer
---
Find... -- Open a search dialog box with many options
Find again -- Repeat last search
Find selection -- Search for the string in the selection
Find in Files... -- Open a search dialog box for searching files
Replace... -- Open a search-and-replace dialog box
Go to line -- Ask for a line number and show that line
---
Indent region -- Shift selected lines right 4 spaces
Dedent region -- Shift selected lines left 4 spaces
Comment out region -- Insert ## in front of selected lines
Uncomment region -- Remove leading # or ## from selected lines
Tabify region -- Turns *leading* stretches of spaces into tabs
Untabify region -- Turn *all* tabs into the right number of spaces
Expand word -- Expand the word you have typed to match another
word in the same buffer; repeat to get a different expansion
Format Paragraph -- Reformat the current blank-line-separated paragraph
---
Import module -- Import or reload the current module
Run script -- Execute the current file in the __main__ namespace
Windows menu:
Zoom Height -- toggles the window between normal size (24x80)
and maximum height.
---
The rest of this menu lists the names of all open windows;
select one to bring it to the foreground (deiconifying it if
necessary).
Debug menu (in the Python Shell window only):
Go to file/line -- look around the insert point for a filename
and linenumber, open the file, and show the line
Open stack viewer -- show the stack traceback of the last exception
Debugger toggle -- Run commands in the shell under the debugger
JIT Stack viewer toggle -- Open stack viewer on traceback
Basic editing and navigation:
Backspace deletes to the left; DEL deletes to the right
Arrow keys and Page Up/Down to move around
Home/End go to begin/end of line
Control-Home/End go to begin/end of file
Some Emacs bindings may also work, e.g. ^B/^P/^A/^E/^D/^L
Automatic indentation:
After a block-opening statement, the next line is indented by
4 spaces (in the Python Shell window by one tab). After
certain keywords (break, return etc.) the next line is
dedented. In leading indentation, Backspace deletes up to 4
spaces if they are there. Tab inserts 1-4 spaces (in the
Python Shell window one tab). See also the indent/dedent
region commands in the edit menu.
Python Shell window:
^C interrupts executing command
^D sends end-of-file; closes window if typed at >>> prompt
Command history:
Alt-p retrieves previous command matching what you have typed
Alt-n retrieves next
Return while on any previous command retrieves that command
Alt-/ (Expand word) is also useful here
Syntax colors:
The coloring is applied in a background "thread", so you may
occasionally see uncolorized text. To change the color
scheme, edit the ColorPrefs class in IdlePrefs.py.
Python syntax colors:
Keywords orange
Strings green
Comments red
Definitions blue
Shell colors:
Console output brown
stdout blue
stderr dark green
stdin black
Other preferences:
To change the font on Windows, open EditorWindow.py and change
text['font'] = ("lucida console", 8)
to, e.g.,
text['font'] = ("courier new", 10)
To change keyboard bindings, edit Bindings.py
Command line usage:
idle.py [-c command] [-d] [-e] [-s] [-t title] [arg] ...
-c command run this command
-d enable debugger
-e edit mode; arguments are files to be edited
-s run $IDLESTARTUP or $PYTHONSTARTUP first
-t title set title of shell window
If there are arguments:
If -e is used, arguments are files opened for editing and
sys.argv reflects the arguments passed to IDLE itself.
Otherwise, if -c is used, all arguments are placed in
sys.argv[1:...], with sys.argv[0] set to '-c'.
Otherwise, if neither -e nor -c is used, the first
argument is a script which is executed with the remaining
arguments in sys.argv[1:...] and sys.argv[0] set to the
script name. If the script name is '-', no script is
executed but an interactive Python session is started; the
arguments are still available in sys.argv.
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