path: root/Lib/test/test_capi.py

# Run the _testcapi module tests (tests for the Python/C API):  by defn,
# these are all functions _testcapi exports whose name begins with 'test_'.

from collections import OrderedDict
import os
import pickle
import random
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import sysconfig
import textwrap
import threading
import time
import unittest
from test import support
from test.support import MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_failure, assert_python_ok
try:
    import _posixsubprocess
except ImportError:
    _posixsubprocess = None

# Skip this test if the _testcapi module isn't available.
_testcapi = support.import_module('_testcapi')

# Were we compiled --with-pydebug or with #define Py_DEBUG?
Py_DEBUG = hasattr(sys, 'gettotalrefcount')

Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL = 1 << 11
Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR = 1 << 17


def testfunction(self):
    """some doc"""
    return self

def testfunction_kw(self, *, kw):
    """some doc"""
    return self


class InstanceMethod:
    id = _testcapi.instancemethod(id)
    testfunction = _testcapi.instancemethod(testfunction)

class CAPITest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_instancemethod(self):
        inst = InstanceMethod()
        self.assertEqual(id(inst), inst.id())
        self.assertTrue(inst.testfunction() is inst)
        self.assertEqual(inst.testfunction.__doc__, testfunction.__doc__)
        self.assertEqual(InstanceMethod.testfunction.__doc__, testfunction.__doc__)

        InstanceMethod.testfunction.attribute = "test"
        self.assertEqual(testfunction.attribute, "test")
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, inst.testfunction, "attribute", "test")

    def test_no_FatalError_infinite_loop(self):
        with support.SuppressCrashReport():
            p = subprocess.Popen([sys.executable, "-c",
                                  'import _testcapi;'
                                  '_testcapi.crash_no_current_thread()'],
                                 stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
                                 stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        (out, err) = p.communicate()
        self.assertEqual(out, b'')
        # This used to cause an infinite loop.
        self.assertTrue(err.rstrip().startswith(
                         b'Fatal Python error:'
                         b' PyThreadState_Get: no current thread'))

    def test_memoryview_from_NULL_pointer(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, _testcapi.make_memoryview_from_NULL_pointer)

    def test_exc_info(self):
        raised_exception = ValueError("5")
        new_exc = TypeError("TEST")
        try:
            raise raised_exception
        except ValueError as e:
            tb = e.__traceback__
            orig_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
            orig_exc_info = _testcapi.set_exc_info(new_exc.__class__, new_exc, None)
            new_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()
            new_exc_info = _testcapi.set_exc_info(*orig_exc_info)
            reset_sys_exc_info = sys.exc_info()

            self.assertEqual(orig_exc_info[1], e)

            self.assertSequenceEqual(orig_exc_info, (raised_exception.__class__, raised_exception, tb))
            self.assertSequenceEqual(orig_sys_exc_info, orig_exc_info)
            self.assertSequenceEqual(reset_sys_exc_info, orig_exc_info)
            self.assertSequenceEqual(new_exc_info, (new_exc.__class__, new_exc, None))
            self.assertSequenceEqual(new_sys_exc_info, new_exc_info)
        else:
            self.assertTrue(False)

    @unittest.skipUnless(_posixsubprocess, '_posixsubprocess required for this test.')
    def test_seq_bytes_to_charp_array(self):
        # Issue #15732: crash in _PySequence_BytesToCharpArray()
        class Z(object):
            def __len__(self):
                return 1
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
                          1,Z(),3,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17)
        # Issue #15736: overflow in _PySequence_BytesToCharpArray()
        class Z(object):
            def __len__(self):
                return sys.maxsize
            def __getitem__(self, i):
                return b'x'
        self.assertRaises(MemoryError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
                          1,Z(),3,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17)

    @unittest.skipUnless(_posixsubprocess, '_posixsubprocess required for this test.')
    def test_subprocess_fork_exec(self):
        class Z(object):
            def __len__(self):
                return 1

        # Issue #15738: crash in subprocess_fork_exec()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, _posixsubprocess.fork_exec,
                          Z(),[b'1'],3,(1, 2),5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17)

    @unittest.skipIf(MISSING_C_DOCSTRINGS,
                     "Signature information for builtins requires docstrings")
    def test_docstring_signature_parsing(self):

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.no_docstring.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.no_docstring.__text_signature__, None)

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_empty.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_empty.__text_signature__, None)

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_no_signature.__doc__,
            "This docstring has no signature.")
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_no_signature.__text_signature__, None)

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature.__doc__,
            "docstring_with_invalid_signature($module, /, boo)\n"
            "\n"
            "This docstring has an invalid signature."
            )
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature.__text_signature__, None)

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature2.__doc__,
            "docstring_with_invalid_signature2($module, /, boo)\n"
            "\n"
            "--\n"
            "\n"
            "This docstring also has an invalid signature."
            )
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_invalid_signature2.__text_signature__, None)

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature.__doc__,
            "This docstring has a valid signature.")
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature.__text_signature__, "($module, /, sig)")

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc.__doc__, None)
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_but_no_doc.__text_signature__,
            "($module, /, sig)")

        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines.__doc__,
            "\nThis docstring has a valid signature and some extra newlines.")
        self.assertEqual(_testcapi.docstring_with_signature_and_extra_newlines.__text_signature__,
            "($module, /, parameter)")

    def test_c_type_with_matrix_multiplication(self):
        M = _testcapi.matmulType
        m1 = M()
        m2 = M()
        self.assertEqual(m1 @ m2, ("matmul", m1, m2))
        self.assertEqual(m1 @ 42, ("matmul", m1, 42))
        self.assertEqual(42 @ m1, ("matmul", 42, m1))
        o = m1
        o @= m2
        self.assertEqual(o, ("imatmul", m1, m2))
        o = m1
        o @= 42
        self.assertEqual(o, ("imatmul", m1, 42))
        o = 42
        o @= m1
        self.assertEqual(o, ("matmul", 42, m1))

    def test_c_type_with_ipow(self):
        # When the __ipow__ method of a type was implemented in C, using the
        # modulo param would cause segfaults.
        o = _testcapi.ipowType()
        self.assertEqual(o.__ipow__(1), (1, None))
        self.assertEqual(o.__ipow__(2, 2), (2, 2))

    def test_return_null_without_error(self):
        # Issue #23571: A function must not return NULL without setting an
        # error
        if Py_DEBUG:
            code = textwrap.dedent("""
                import _testcapi
                from test import support

                with support.SuppressCrashReport():
                    _testcapi.return_null_without_error()
            """)
            rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', code)
            self.assertRegex(err.replace(b'\r', b''),
                             br'Fatal Python error: a function returned NULL '
                                br'without setting an error\n'
                             br'SystemError: <built-in function '
                                 br'return_null_without_error> returned NULL '
                                 br'without setting an error\n'
                             br'\n'
                             br'Current thread.*:\n'
                             br'  File .*", line 6 in <module>')
        else:
            with self.assertRaises(SystemError) as cm:
                _testcapi.return_null_without_error()
            self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception),
                             'return_null_without_error.* '
                             'returned NULL without setting an error')

    def test_return_result_with_error(self):
        # Issue #23571: A function must not return a result with an error set
        if Py_DEBUG:
            code = textwrap.dedent("""
                import _testcapi
                from test import support

                with support.SuppressCrashReport():
                    _testcapi.return_result_with_error()
            """)
            rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', code)
            self.assertRegex(err.replace(b'\r', b''),
                             br'Fatal Python error: a function returned a '
                                br'result with an error set\n'
                             br'ValueError\n'
                             br'\n'
                             br'The above exception was the direct cause '
                                br'of the following exception:\n'
                             br'\n'
                             br'SystemError: <built-in '
                                br'function return_result_with_error> '
                                br'returned a result with an error set\n'
                             br'\n'
                             br'Current thread.*:\n'
                             br'  File .*, line 6 in <module>')
        else:
            with self.assertRaises(SystemError) as cm:
                _testcapi.return_result_with_error()
            self.assertRegex(str(cm.exception),
                             'return_result_with_error.* '
                             'returned a result with an error set')

    def test_buildvalue_N(self):
        _testcapi.test_buildvalue_N()

    def test_set_nomemory(self):
        code = """if 1:
            import _testcapi

            class C(): pass

            # The first loop tests both functions and that remove_mem_hooks()
            # can be called twice in a row. The second loop checks a call to
            # set_nomemory() after a call to remove_mem_hooks(). The third
            # loop checks the start and stop arguments of set_nomemory().
            for outer_cnt in range(1, 4):
                start = 10 * outer_cnt
                for j in range(100):
                    if j == 0:
                        if outer_cnt != 3:
                            _testcapi.set_nomemory(start)
                        else:
                            _testcapi.set_nomemory(start, start + 1)
                    try:
                        C()
                    except MemoryError as e:
                        if outer_cnt != 3:
                            _testcapi.remove_mem_hooks()
                        print('MemoryError', outer_cnt, j)
                        _testcapi.remove_mem_hooks()
                        break
        """
        rc, out, err = assert_python_ok('-c', code)
        self.assertIn(b'MemoryError 1 10', out)
        self.assertIn(b'MemoryError 2 20', out)
        self.assertIn(b'MemoryError 3 30', out)

    def test_mapping_keys_values_items(self):
        class Mapping1(dict):
            def keys(self):
                return list(super().keys())
            def values(self):
                return list(super().values())
            def items(self):
                return list(super().items())
        class Mapping2(dict):
            def keys(self):
                return tuple(super().keys())
            def values(self):
                return tuple(super().values())
            def items(self):
                return tuple(super().items())
        dict_obj = {'foo': 1, 'bar': 2, 'spam': 3}

        for mapping in [{}, OrderedDict(), Mapping1(), Mapping2(),
                        dict_obj, OrderedDict(dict_obj),
                        Mapping1(dict_obj), Mapping2(dict_obj)]:
            self.assertListEqual(_testcapi.get_mapping_keys(mapping),
                                 list(mapping.keys()))
            self.assertListEqual(_testcapi.get_mapping_values(mapping),
                                 list(mapping.values()))
            self.assertListEqual(_testcapi.get_mapping_items(mapping),
                                 list(mapping.items()))

    def test_mapping_keys_values_items_bad_arg(self):
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_keys, None)
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_values, None)
        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_items, None)

        class BadMapping:
            def keys(self):
                return None
            def values(self):
                return None
            def items(self):
                return None
        bad_mapping = BadMapping()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_keys, bad_mapping)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_values, bad_mapping)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, _testcapi.get_mapping_items, bad_mapping)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(_testcapi, 'negative_refcount'),
                         'need _testcapi.negative_refcount')
    def test_negative_refcount(self):
        # bpo-35059: Check that Py_DECREF() reports the correct filename
        # when calling _Py_NegativeRefcount() to abort Python.
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            import _testcapi
            from test import support

            with support.SuppressCrashReport():
                _testcapi.negative_refcount()
        """)
        rc, out, err = assert_python_failure('-c', code)
        self.assertRegex(err,
                         br'_testcapimodule\.c:[0-9]+: '
                         br'_Py_NegativeRefcount: Assertion failed: '
                         br'object has negative ref count')

    def test_trashcan_subclass(self):
        # bpo-35983: Check that the trashcan mechanism for "list" is NOT
        # activated when its tp_dealloc is being called by a subclass
        from _testcapi import MyList
        L = None
        for i in range(1000):
            L = MyList((L,))

    def test_trashcan_python_class1(self):
        self.do_test_trashcan_python_class(list)

    def test_trashcan_python_class2(self):
        from _testcapi import MyList
        self.do_test_trashcan_python_class(MyList)

    def do_test_trashcan_python_class(self, base):
        # Check that the trashcan mechanism works properly for a Python
        # subclass of a class using the trashcan (this specific test assumes
        # that the base class "base" behaves like list)
        class PyList(base):
            # Count the number of PyList instances to verify that there is
            # no memory leak
            num = 0
            def __init__(self, *args):
                __class__.num += 1
                super().__init__(*args)
            def __del__(self):
                __class__.num -= 1

        for parity in (0, 1):
            L = None
            # We need in the order of 2**20 iterations here such that a
            # typical 8MB stack would overflow without the trashcan.
            for i in range(2**20):
                L = PyList((L,))
                L.attr = i
            if parity:
                # Add one additional nesting layer
                L = (L,)
            self.assertGreater(PyList.num, 0)
            del L
            self.assertEqual(PyList.num, 0)


class TestPendingCalls(unittest.TestCase):

    def pendingcalls_submit(self, l, n):
        def callback():
            #this function can be interrupted by thread switching so let's
            #use an atomic operation
            l.append(None)

        for i in range(n):
            time.sleep(random.random()*0.02) #0.01 secs on average
            #try submitting callback until successful.
            #rely on regular interrupt to flush queue if we are
            #unsuccessful.
            while True:
                if _testcapi._pending_threadfunc(callback):
                    break;

    def pendingcalls_wait(self, l, n, context = None):
        #now, stick around until l[0] has grown to 10
        count = 0;
        while len(l) != n:
            #this busy loop is where we expect to be interrupted to
            #run our callbacks.  Note that callbacks are only run on the
            #main thread
            if False and support.verbose:
                print("(%i)"%(len(l),),)
            for i in range(1000):
                a = i*i
            if context and not context.event.is_set():
                continue
            count += 1
            self.assertTrue(count < 10000,
                "timeout waiting for %i callbacks, got %i"%(n, len(l)))
        if False and support.verbose:
            print("(%i)"%(len(l),))

    def test_pendingcalls_threaded(self):

        #do every callback on a separate thread
        n = 32 #total callbacks (see NPENDINGCALLS in pycore_ceval.h)
        threads = []
        class foo(object):pass
        context = foo()
        context.l = []
        context.n = 2 #submits per thread
        context.nThreads = n // context.n
        context.nFinished = 0
        context.lock = threading.Lock()
        context.event = threading.Event()

        threads = [threading.Thread(target=self.pendingcalls_thread,
                                    args=(context,))
                   for i in range(context.nThreads)]
        with support.start_threads(threads):
            self.pendingcalls_wait(context.l, n, context)

    def pendingcalls_thread(self, context):
        try:
            self.pendingcalls_submit(context.l, context.n)
        finally:
            with context.lock:
                context.nFinished += 1
                nFinished = context.nFinished
                if False and support.verbose:
                    print("finished threads: ", nFinished)
            if nFinished == context.nThreads:
                context.event.set()

    def test_pendingcalls_non_threaded(self):
        #again, just using the main thread, likely they will all be dispatched at
        #once.  It is ok to ask for too many, because we loop until we find a slot.
        #the loop can be interrupted to dispatch.
        #there are only 32 dispatch slots, so we go for twice that!
        l = []
        n = 64
        self.pendingcalls_submit(l, n)
        self.pendingcalls_wait(l, n)


class TestPEP590(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_method_descriptor_flag(self):
        import functools
        cached = functools.lru_cache(1)(testfunction)

        self.assertFalse(type(repr).__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertTrue(type(list.append).__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertTrue(type(list.__add__).__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertTrue(type(testfunction).__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertTrue(type(cached).__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)

        self.assertTrue(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertTrue(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorDerived.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)
        self.assertFalse(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorNopGet.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)

        # Heap type should not inherit Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR
        class MethodDescriptorHeap(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase):
            pass
        self.assertFalse(MethodDescriptorHeap.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_METHOD_DESCRIPTOR)

    def test_vectorcall_flag(self):
        self.assertTrue(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL)
        self.assertTrue(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorDerived.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL)
        self.assertFalse(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorNopGet.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL)
        self.assertTrue(_testcapi.MethodDescriptor2.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL)

        # Heap type should not inherit Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL
        class MethodDescriptorHeap(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase):
            pass
        self.assertFalse(MethodDescriptorHeap.__flags__ & Py_TPFLAGS_HAVE_VECTORCALL)

    def test_vectorcall_override(self):
        # Check that tp_call can correctly override vectorcall.
        # MethodDescriptorNopGet implements tp_call but it inherits from
        # MethodDescriptorBase, which implements vectorcall. Since
        # MethodDescriptorNopGet returns the args tuple when called, we check
        # additionally that no new tuple is created for this call.
        args = tuple(range(5))
        f = _testcapi.MethodDescriptorNopGet()
        self.assertIs(f(*args), args)

    def test_vectorcall(self):
        # Test a bunch of different ways to call objects:
        # 1. vectorcall using PyVectorcall_Call()
        #   (only for objects that support vectorcall directly)
        # 2. normal call
        # 3. vectorcall using _PyObject_Vectorcall()
        # 4. call as bound method
        # 5. call using functools.partial

        # A list of (function, args, kwargs, result) calls to test
        calls = [(len, (range(42),), {}, 42),
                 (list.append, ([], 0), {}, None),
                 ([].append, (0,), {}, None),
                 (sum, ([36],), {"start":6}, 42),
                 (testfunction, (42,), {}, 42),
                 (testfunction_kw, (42,), {"kw":None}, 42),
                 (_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase(), (0,), {}, True),
                 (_testcapi.MethodDescriptorDerived(), (0,), {}, True),
                 (_testcapi.MethodDescriptor2(), (0,), {}, False)]

        from _testcapi import pyobject_vectorcall, pyvectorcall_call
        from types import MethodType
        from functools import partial

        def vectorcall(func, args, kwargs):
            args = *args, *kwargs.values()
            kwnames = tuple(kwargs)
            return pyobject_vectorcall(func, args, kwnames)

        for (func, args, kwargs, expected) in calls:
            with self.subTest(str(func)):
                if not kwargs:
                    self.assertEqual(expected, pyvectorcall_call(func, args))
                self.assertEqual(expected, pyvectorcall_call(func, args, kwargs))

        # Add derived classes (which do not support vectorcall directly,
        # but do support all other ways of calling).

        class MethodDescriptorHeap(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase):
            pass

        class MethodDescriptorOverridden(_testcapi.MethodDescriptorBase):
            def __call__(self, n):
                return 'new'

        calls += [
            (MethodDescriptorHeap(), (0,), {}, True),
            (MethodDescriptorOverridden(), (0,), {}, 'new'),
        ]

        for (func, args, kwargs, expected) in calls:
            with self.subTest(str(func)):
                args1 = args[1:]
                meth = MethodType(func, args[0])
                wrapped = partial(func)
                if not kwargs:
                    self.assertEqual(expected, func(*args))
                    self.assertEqual(expected, pyobject_vectorcall(func, args, None))
                    self.assertEqual(expected, meth(*args1))
                    self.assertEqual(expected, wrapped(*args))
                self.assertEqual(expected, func(*args, **kwargs))
                self.assertEqual(expected, vectorcall(func, args, kwargs))
                self.assertEqual(expected, meth(*args1, **kwargs))
                self.assertEqual(expected, wrapped(*args, **kwargs))


class SubinterpreterTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_subinterps(self):
        import builtins
        r, w = os.pipe()
        code = """if 1:
            import sys, builtins, pickle
            with open({:d}, "wb") as f:
                pickle.dump(id(sys.modules), f)
                pickle.dump(id(builtins), f)
            """.format(w)
        with open(r, "rb") as f:
            ret = support.run_in_subinterp(code)
            self.assertEqual(ret, 0)
            self.assertNotEqual(pickle.load(f), id(sys.modules))
            self.assertNotEqual(pickle.load(f), id(builtins))

    def test_mutate_exception(self):
        """
        Exceptions saved in global module state get shared between
        individual module instances. This test checks whether or not
        a change in one interpreter's module gets reflected into the
        other ones.
        """
        import binascii

        support.run_in_subinterp("import binascii; binascii.Error.foobar = 'foobar'")

        self.assertFalse(hasattr(binascii.Error, "foobar"))


class TestThreadState(unittest.TestCase):

    @support.reap_threads
    def test_thread_state(self):
        # some extra thread-state tests driven via _testcapi
        def target():
            idents = []

            def callback():
                idents.append(threading.get_ident())

            _testcapi._test_thread_state(callback)
            a = b = callback
            time.sleep(1)
            # Check our main thread is in the list exactly 3 times.
            self.assertEqual(idents.count(threading.get_ident()), 3,
                             "Couldn't find main thread correctly in the list")

        target()
        t = threading.Thread(target=target)
        t.start()
        t.join()


class Test_testcapi(unittest.TestCase):
    locals().update((name, getattr(_testcapi, name))
                    for name in dir(_testcapi)
                    if name.startswith('test_') and not name.endswith('_code'))


class PyMemDebugTests(unittest.TestCase):
    PYTHONMALLOC = 'debug'
    # '0x04c06e0' or '04C06E0'
    PTR_REGEX = r'(?:0x)?[0-9a-fA-F]+'

    def check(self, code):
        with support.SuppressCrashReport():
            out = assert_python_failure('-c', code,
                                        PYTHONMALLOC=self.PYTHONMALLOC)
        stderr = out.err
        return stderr.decode('ascii', 'replace')

    def test_buffer_overflow(self):
        out = self.check('import _testcapi; _testcapi.pymem_buffer_overflow()')
        regex = (r"Debug memory block at address p={ptr}: API 'm'\n"
                 r"    16 bytes originally requested\n"
                 r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at p-[0-9] are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                 r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at tail={ptr} are not all FORBIDDENBYTE \(0x[0-9a-f]{{2}}\):\n"
                 r"        at tail\+0: 0x78 \*\*\* OUCH\n"
                 r"        at tail\+1: 0xfd\n"
                 r"        at tail\+2: 0xfd\n"
                 r"        .*\n"
                 r"(    The block was made by call #[0-9]+ to debug malloc/realloc.\n)?"
                 r"    Data at p: cd cd cd .*\n"
                 r"\n"
                 r"Enable tracemalloc to get the memory block allocation traceback\n"
                 r"\n"
                 r"Fatal Python error: bad trailing pad byte")
        regex = regex.format(ptr=self.PTR_REGEX)
        regex = re.compile(regex, flags=re.DOTALL)
        self.assertRegex(out, regex)

    def test_api_misuse(self):
        out = self.check('import _testcapi; _testcapi.pymem_api_misuse()')
        regex = (r"Debug memory block at address p={ptr}: API 'm'\n"
                 r"    16 bytes originally requested\n"
                 r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at p-[0-9] are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                 r"    The [0-9] pad bytes at tail={ptr} are FORBIDDENBYTE, as expected.\n"
                 r"(    The block was made by call #[0-9]+ to debug malloc/realloc.\n)?"
                 r"    Data at p: cd cd cd .*\n"
                 r"\n"
                 r"Enable tracemalloc to get the memory block allocation traceback\n"
                 r"\n"
                 r"Fatal Python error: bad ID: Allocated using API 'm', verified using API 'r'\n")
        regex = regex.format(ptr=self.PTR_REGEX)
        self.assertRegex(out, regex)

    def check_malloc_without_gil(self, code):
        out = self.check(code)
        expected = ('Fatal Python error: Python memory allocator called '
                    'without holding the GIL')
        self.assertIn(expected, out)

    def test_pymem_malloc_without_gil(self):
        # Debug hooks must raise an error if PyMem_Malloc() is called
        # without holding the GIL
        code = 'import _testcapi; _testcapi.pymem_malloc_without_gil()'
        self.check_malloc_without_gil(code)

    def test_pyobject_malloc_without_gil(self):
        # Debug hooks must raise an error if PyObject_Malloc() is called
        # without holding the GIL
        code = 'import _testcapi; _testcapi.pyobject_malloc_without_gil()'
        self.check_malloc_without_gil(code)

    def check_pyobject_is_freed(self, func):
        code = textwrap.dedent('''
            import gc, os, sys, _testcapi
            # Disable the GC to avoid crash on GC collection
            gc.disable()
            obj = _testcapi.{func}()
            error = (_testcapi.pyobject_is_freed(obj) == False)
            # Exit immediately to avoid a crash while deallocating
            # the invalid object
            os._exit(int(error))
        ''')
        code = code.format(func=func)
        assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONMALLOC=self.PYTHONMALLOC)

    def test_pyobject_is_freed_uninitialized(self):
        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_uninitialized')

    def test_pyobject_is_freed_forbidden_bytes(self):
        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_forbidden_bytes')

    def test_pyobject_is_freed_free(self):
        self.check_pyobject_is_freed('pyobject_freed')


class PyMemMallocDebugTests(PyMemDebugTests):
    PYTHONMALLOC = 'malloc_debug'


@unittest.skipUnless(support.with_pymalloc(), 'need pymalloc')
class PyMemPymallocDebugTests(PyMemDebugTests):
    PYTHONMALLOC = 'pymalloc_debug'


@unittest.skipUnless(Py_DEBUG, 'need Py_DEBUG')
class PyMemDefaultTests(PyMemDebugTests):
    # test default allocator of Python compiled in debug mode
    PYTHONMALLOC = ''


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()