path: root/Lib/test/test_code.py

"""This module includes tests of the code object representation.

>>> def f(x):
...     def g(y):
...         return x + y
...     return g
...

>>> dump(f.__code__)
name: f
argcount: 1
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ()
varnames: ('x', 'g')
cellvars: ('x',)
freevars: ()
nlocals: 2
flags: 3
consts: ('None', '<code object g>')

>>> dump(f(4).__code__)
name: g
argcount: 1
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ()
varnames: ('y',)
cellvars: ()
freevars: ('x',)
nlocals: 1
flags: 19
consts: ('None',)

>>> def h(x, y):
...     a = x + y
...     b = x - y
...     c = a * b
...     return c
...

>>> dump(h.__code__)
name: h
argcount: 2
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ()
varnames: ('x', 'y', 'a', 'b', 'c')
cellvars: ()
freevars: ()
nlocals: 5
flags: 3
consts: ('None',)

>>> def attrs(obj):
...     print(obj.attr1)
...     print(obj.attr2)
...     print(obj.attr3)

>>> dump(attrs.__code__)
name: attrs
argcount: 1
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ('print', 'attr1', 'attr2', 'attr3')
varnames: ('obj',)
cellvars: ()
freevars: ()
nlocals: 1
flags: 3
consts: ('None',)

>>> def optimize_away():
...     'doc string'
...     'not a docstring'
...     53
...     0x53

>>> dump(optimize_away.__code__)
name: optimize_away
argcount: 0
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ()
varnames: ()
cellvars: ()
freevars: ()
nlocals: 0
flags: 3
consts: ("'doc string'", 'None')

>>> def keywordonly_args(a,b,*,k1):
...     return a,b,k1
...

>>> dump(keywordonly_args.__code__)
name: keywordonly_args
argcount: 2
posonlyargcount: 0
kwonlyargcount: 1
names: ()
varnames: ('a', 'b', 'k1')
cellvars: ()
freevars: ()
nlocals: 3
flags: 3
consts: ('None',)

>>> def posonly_args(a,b,/,c):
...     return a,b,c
...

>>> dump(posonly_args.__code__)
name: posonly_args
argcount: 3
posonlyargcount: 2
kwonlyargcount: 0
names: ()
varnames: ('a', 'b', 'c')
cellvars: ()
freevars: ()
nlocals: 3
flags: 3
consts: ('None',)

"""

import inspect
import sys
import threading
import doctest
import unittest
import textwrap
import weakref
import dis

try:
    import ctypes
except ImportError:
    ctypes = None
from test.support import (cpython_only,
                          check_impl_detail, requires_debug_ranges,
                          gc_collect)
from test.support.script_helper import assert_python_ok
from test.support import threading_helper
from opcode import opmap, opname
COPY_FREE_VARS = opmap['COPY_FREE_VARS']


def consts(t):
    """Yield a doctest-safe sequence of object reprs."""
    for elt in t:
        r = repr(elt)
        if r.startswith("<code object"):
            yield "<code object %s>" % elt.co_name
        else:
            yield r

def dump(co):
    """Print out a text representation of a code object."""
    for attr in ["name", "argcount", "posonlyargcount",
                 "kwonlyargcount", "names", "varnames",
                 "cellvars", "freevars", "nlocals", "flags"]:
        print("%s: %s" % (attr, getattr(co, "co_" + attr)))
    print("consts:", tuple(consts(co.co_consts)))

# Needed for test_closure_injection below
# Defined at global scope to avoid implicitly closing over __class__
def external_getitem(self, i):
    return f"Foreign getitem: {super().__getitem__(i)}"

class CodeTest(unittest.TestCase):

    @cpython_only
    def test_newempty(self):
        import _testcapi
        co = _testcapi.code_newempty("filename", "funcname", 15)
        self.assertEqual(co.co_filename, "filename")
        self.assertEqual(co.co_name, "funcname")
        self.assertEqual(co.co_firstlineno, 15)
        #Empty code object should raise, but not crash the VM
        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
            exec(co)

    @cpython_only
    def test_closure_injection(self):
        # From https://bugs.python.org/issue32176
        from types import FunctionType

        def create_closure(__class__):
            return (lambda: __class__).__closure__

        def new_code(c):
            '''A new code object with a __class__ cell added to freevars'''
            return c.replace(co_freevars=c.co_freevars + ('__class__',), co_code=bytes([COPY_FREE_VARS, 1])+c.co_code)

        def add_foreign_method(cls, name, f):
            code = new_code(f.__code__)
            assert not f.__closure__
            closure = create_closure(cls)
            defaults = f.__defaults__
            setattr(cls, name, FunctionType(code, globals(), name, defaults, closure))

        class List(list):
            pass

        add_foreign_method(List, "__getitem__", external_getitem)

        # Ensure the closure injection actually worked
        function = List.__getitem__
        class_ref = function.__closure__[0].cell_contents
        self.assertIs(class_ref, List)

        # Ensure the zero-arg super() call in the injected method works
        obj = List([1, 2, 3])
        self.assertEqual(obj[0], "Foreign getitem: 1")

    def test_constructor(self):
        def func(): pass
        co = func.__code__
        CodeType = type(co)

        # test code constructor
        CodeType(co.co_argcount,
                        co.co_posonlyargcount,
                        co.co_kwonlyargcount,
                        co.co_nlocals,
                        co.co_stacksize,
                        co.co_flags,
                        co.co_code,
                        co.co_consts,
                        co.co_names,
                        co.co_varnames,
                        co.co_filename,
                        co.co_name,
                        co.co_qualname,
                        co.co_firstlineno,
                        co.co_linetable,
                        co.co_exceptiontable,
                        co.co_freevars,
                        co.co_cellvars)

    def test_qualname(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            CodeTest.test_qualname.__code__.co_qualname,
            CodeTest.test_qualname.__qualname__
        )

    def test_replace(self):
        def func():
            x = 1
            return x
        code = func.__code__

        # different co_name, co_varnames, co_consts
        def func2():
            y = 2
            z = 3
            return y
        code2 = func2.__code__

        for attr, value in (
            ("co_argcount", 0),
            ("co_posonlyargcount", 0),
            ("co_kwonlyargcount", 0),
            ("co_nlocals", 1),
            ("co_stacksize", 0),
            ("co_flags", code.co_flags | inspect.CO_COROUTINE),
            ("co_firstlineno", 100),
            ("co_code", code2.co_code),
            ("co_consts", code2.co_consts),
            ("co_names", ("myname",)),
            ("co_varnames", ('spam',)),
            ("co_freevars", ("freevar",)),
            ("co_cellvars", ("cellvar",)),
            ("co_filename", "newfilename"),
            ("co_name", "newname"),
            ("co_linetable", code2.co_linetable),
        ):
            with self.subTest(attr=attr, value=value):
                new_code = code.replace(**{attr: value})
                self.assertEqual(getattr(new_code, attr), value)

        new_code = code.replace(co_varnames=code2.co_varnames,
                                co_nlocals=code2.co_nlocals)
        self.assertEqual(new_code.co_varnames, code2.co_varnames)
        self.assertEqual(new_code.co_nlocals, code2.co_nlocals)

    def test_nlocals_mismatch(self):
        def func():
            x = 1
            return x
        co = func.__code__
        assert co.co_nlocals > 0;

        # First we try the constructor.
        CodeType = type(co)
        for diff in (-1, 1):
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                CodeType(co.co_argcount,
                         co.co_posonlyargcount,
                         co.co_kwonlyargcount,
                         # This is the only change.
                         co.co_nlocals + diff,
                         co.co_stacksize,
                         co.co_flags,
                         co.co_code,
                         co.co_consts,
                         co.co_names,
                         co.co_varnames,
                         co.co_filename,
                         co.co_name,
                         co.co_qualname,
                         co.co_firstlineno,
                         co.co_linetable,
                         co.co_exceptiontable,
                         co.co_freevars,
                         co.co_cellvars,
                         )
        # Then we try the replace method.
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            co.replace(co_nlocals=co.co_nlocals - 1)
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            co.replace(co_nlocals=co.co_nlocals + 1)

    def test_shrinking_localsplus(self):
        # Check that PyCode_NewWithPosOnlyArgs resizes both
        # localsplusnames and localspluskinds, if an argument is a cell.
        def func(arg):
            return lambda: arg
        code = func.__code__
        newcode = code.replace(co_name="func")  # Should not raise SystemError
        self.assertEqual(code, newcode)

    def test_empty_linetable(self):
        def func():
            pass
        new_code = code = func.__code__.replace(co_linetable=b'')
        self.assertEqual(list(new_code.co_lines()), [])

    def test_co_lnotab_is_deprecated(self):  # TODO: remove in 3.14
        def func():
            pass

        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            func.__code__.co_lnotab

    def test_invalid_bytecode(self):
        def foo():
            pass

        # assert that opcode 229 is invalid
        self.assertEqual(opname[229], '<229>')

        # change first opcode to 0xeb (=229)
        foo.__code__ = foo.__code__.replace(
            co_code=b'\xe5' + foo.__code__.co_code[1:])

        msg = "unknown opcode 229"
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(SystemError, msg):
            foo()

    @requires_debug_ranges()
    def test_co_positions_artificial_instructions(self):
        import dis

        namespace = {}
        exec(textwrap.dedent("""\
        try:
            1/0
        except Exception as e:
            exc = e
        """), namespace)

        exc = namespace['exc']
        traceback = exc.__traceback__
        code = traceback.tb_frame.f_code

        artificial_instructions = []
        for instr, positions in zip(
            dis.get_instructions(code, show_caches=True),
            code.co_positions(),
            strict=True
        ):
            # If any of the positions is None, then all have to
            # be None as well for the case above. There are still
            # some places in the compiler, where the artificial instructions
            # get assigned the first_lineno but they don't have other positions.
            # There is no easy way of inferring them at that stage, so for now
            # we don't support it.
            self.assertIn(positions.count(None), [0, 3, 4])

            if not any(positions):
                artificial_instructions.append(instr)

        self.assertEqual(
            [
                (instruction.opname, instruction.argval)
                for instruction in artificial_instructions
            ],
            [
                ("PUSH_EXC_INFO", None),
                ("LOAD_CONST", None), # artificial 'None'
                ("STORE_NAME", "e"),  # XX: we know the location for this
                ("DELETE_NAME", "e"),
                ("RERAISE", 1),
                ("COPY", 3),
                ("POP_EXCEPT", None),
                ("RERAISE", 1)
            ]
        )

    def test_endline_and_columntable_none_when_no_debug_ranges(self):
        # Make sure that if `-X no_debug_ranges` is used, there is
        # minimal debug info
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                pass

            positions = f.__code__.co_positions()
            for line, end_line, column, end_column in positions:
                assert line == end_line
                assert column is None
                assert end_column is None
            """)
        assert_python_ok('-X', 'no_debug_ranges', '-c', code)

    def test_endline_and_columntable_none_when_no_debug_ranges_env(self):
        # Same as above but using the environment variable opt out.
        code = textwrap.dedent("""
            def f():
                pass

            positions = f.__code__.co_positions()
            for line, end_line, column, end_column in positions:
                assert line == end_line
                assert column is None
                assert end_column is None
            """)
        assert_python_ok('-c', code, PYTHONNODEBUGRANGES='1')

    # co_positions behavior when info is missing.

    @requires_debug_ranges()
    def test_co_positions_empty_linetable(self):
        def func():
            x = 1
        new_code = func.__code__.replace(co_linetable=b'')
        positions = new_code.co_positions()
        for line, end_line, column, end_column in positions:
            self.assertIsNone(line)
            self.assertEqual(end_line, new_code.co_firstlineno + 1)

    def test_code_equality(self):
        def f():
            try:
                a()
            except:
                b()
            else:
                c()
            finally:
                d()
        code_a = f.__code__
        code_b = code_a.replace(co_linetable=b"")
        code_c = code_a.replace(co_exceptiontable=b"")
        code_d = code_b.replace(co_exceptiontable=b"")
        self.assertNotEqual(code_a, code_b)
        self.assertNotEqual(code_a, code_c)
        self.assertNotEqual(code_a, code_d)
        self.assertNotEqual(code_b, code_c)
        self.assertNotEqual(code_b, code_d)
        self.assertNotEqual(code_c, code_d)

    def test_code_hash_uses_firstlineno(self):
        c1 = (lambda: 1).__code__
        c2 = (lambda: 1).__code__
        self.assertNotEqual(c1, c2)
        self.assertNotEqual(hash(c1), hash(c2))
        c3 = c1.replace(co_firstlineno=17)
        self.assertNotEqual(c1, c3)
        self.assertNotEqual(hash(c1), hash(c3))

    def test_code_hash_uses_order(self):
        # Swapping posonlyargcount and kwonlyargcount should change the hash.
        c = (lambda x, y, *, z=1, w=1: 1).__code__
        self.assertEqual(c.co_argcount, 2)
        self.assertEqual(c.co_posonlyargcount, 0)
        self.assertEqual(c.co_kwonlyargcount, 2)
        swapped = c.replace(co_posonlyargcount=2, co_kwonlyargcount=0)
        self.assertNotEqual(c, swapped)
        self.assertNotEqual(hash(c), hash(swapped))

    def test_code_hash_uses_bytecode(self):
        c = (lambda x, y: x + y).__code__
        d = (lambda x, y: x * y).__code__
        c1 = c.replace(co_code=d.co_code)
        self.assertNotEqual(c, c1)
        self.assertNotEqual(hash(c), hash(c1))


def isinterned(s):
    return s is sys.intern(('_' + s + '_')[1:-1])

class CodeConstsTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def find_const(self, consts, value):
        for v in consts:
            if v == value:
                return v
        self.assertIn(value, consts)  # raises an exception
        self.fail('Should never be reached')

    def assertIsInterned(self, s):
        if not isinterned(s):
            self.fail('String %r is not interned' % (s,))

    def assertIsNotInterned(self, s):
        if isinterned(s):
            self.fail('String %r is interned' % (s,))

    @cpython_only
    def test_interned_string(self):
        co = compile('res = "str_value"', '?', 'exec')
        v = self.find_const(co.co_consts, 'str_value')
        self.assertIsInterned(v)

    @cpython_only
    def test_interned_string_in_tuple(self):
        co = compile('res = ("str_value",)', '?', 'exec')
        v = self.find_const(co.co_consts, ('str_value',))
        self.assertIsInterned(v[0])

    @cpython_only
    def test_interned_string_in_frozenset(self):
        co = compile('res = a in {"str_value"}', '?', 'exec')
        v = self.find_const(co.co_consts, frozenset(('str_value',)))
        self.assertIsInterned(tuple(v)[0])

    @cpython_only
    def test_interned_string_default(self):
        def f(a='str_value'):
            return a
        self.assertIsInterned(f())

    @cpython_only
    def test_interned_string_with_null(self):
        co = compile(r'res = "str\0value!"', '?', 'exec')
        v = self.find_const(co.co_consts, 'str\0value!')
        self.assertIsNotInterned(v)


class CodeWeakRefTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_basic(self):
        # Create a code object in a clean environment so that we know we have
        # the only reference to it left.
        namespace = {}
        exec("def f(): pass", globals(), namespace)
        f = namespace["f"]
        del namespace

        self.called = False
        def callback(code):
            self.called = True

        # f is now the last reference to the function, and through it, the code
        # object.  While we hold it, check that we can create a weakref and
        # deref it.  Then delete it, and check that the callback gets called and
        # the reference dies.
        coderef = weakref.ref(f.__code__, callback)
        self.assertTrue(bool(coderef()))
        del f
        gc_collect()  # For PyPy or other GCs.
        self.assertFalse(bool(coderef()))
        self.assertTrue(self.called)

# Python implementation of location table parsing algorithm
def read(it):
    return next(it)

def read_varint(it):
    b = read(it)
    val = b & 63;
    shift = 0;
    while b & 64:
        b = read(it)
        shift += 6
        val |= (b&63) << shift
    return val

def read_signed_varint(it):
    uval = read_varint(it)
    if uval & 1:
        return -(uval >> 1)
    else:
        return uval >> 1

def parse_location_table(code):
    line = code.co_firstlineno
    it = iter(code.co_linetable)
    while True:
        try:
            first_byte = read(it)
        except StopIteration:
            return
        code = (first_byte >> 3) & 15
        length = (first_byte & 7) + 1
        if code == 15:
            yield (code, length, None, None, None, None)
        elif code == 14:
            line_delta = read_signed_varint(it)
            line += line_delta
            end_line = line + read_varint(it)
            col = read_varint(it)
            if col == 0:
                col = None
            else:
                col -= 1
            end_col = read_varint(it)
            if end_col == 0:
                end_col = None
            else:
                end_col -= 1
            yield (code, length, line, end_line, col, end_col)
        elif code == 13: # No column
            line_delta = read_signed_varint(it)
            line += line_delta
            yield (code, length, line, line, None, None)
        elif code in (10, 11, 12): # new line
            line_delta = code - 10
            line += line_delta
            column = read(it)
            end_column = read(it)
            yield (code, length, line, line, column, end_column)
        else:
            assert (0 <= code < 10)
            second_byte = read(it)
            column = code << 3 | (second_byte >> 4)
            yield (code, length, line, line, column, column + (second_byte & 15))

def positions_from_location_table(code):
    for _, length, line, end_line, col, end_col in parse_location_table(code):
        for _ in range(length):
            yield (line, end_line, col, end_col)

def dedup(lst, prev=object()):
    for item in lst:
        if item != prev:
            yield item
            prev = item

def lines_from_postions(positions):
    return dedup(l for (l, _, _, _) in positions)

def misshappen():
    """





    """
    x = (


        4

        +

        y

    )
    y = (
        a
        +
            b
                +

                d
        )
    return q if (

        x

        ) else p

def bug93662():
    example_report_generation_message= (
            """
            """
    ).strip()
    raise ValueError()


class CodeLocationTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def check_positions(self, func):
        pos1 = list(func.__code__.co_positions())
        pos2 = list(positions_from_location_table(func.__code__))
        for l1, l2 in zip(pos1, pos2):
            self.assertEqual(l1, l2)
        self.assertEqual(len(pos1), len(pos2))

    def test_positions(self):
        self.check_positions(parse_location_table)
        self.check_positions(misshappen)
        self.check_positions(bug93662)

    def check_lines(self, func):
        co = func.__code__
        lines1 = [line for _, _, line in co.co_lines()]
        self.assertEqual(lines1, list(dedup(lines1)))
        lines2 = list(lines_from_postions(positions_from_location_table(co)))
        for l1, l2 in zip(lines1, lines2):
            self.assertEqual(l1, l2)
        self.assertEqual(len(lines1), len(lines2))

    def test_lines(self):
        self.check_lines(parse_location_table)
        self.check_lines(misshappen)
        self.check_lines(bug93662)

    @cpython_only
    def test_code_new_empty(self):
        # If this test fails, it means that the construction of PyCode_NewEmpty
        # needs to be modified! Please update this test *and* PyCode_NewEmpty,
        # so that they both stay in sync.
        def f():
            pass
        PY_CODE_LOCATION_INFO_NO_COLUMNS = 13
        f.__code__ = f.__code__.replace(
            co_stacksize=1,
            co_firstlineno=42,
            co_code=bytes(
                [
                    dis.opmap["RESUME"], 0,
                    dis.opmap["LOAD_ASSERTION_ERROR"], 0,
                    dis.opmap["RAISE_VARARGS"], 1,
                ]
            ),
            co_linetable=bytes(
                [
                    (1 << 7)
                    | (PY_CODE_LOCATION_INFO_NO_COLUMNS << 3)
                    | (3 - 1),
                    0,
                ]
            ),
        )
        self.assertRaises(AssertionError, f)
        self.assertEqual(
            list(f.__code__.co_positions()),
            3 * [(42, 42, None, None)],
        )


if check_impl_detail(cpython=True) and ctypes is not None:
    py = ctypes.pythonapi
    freefunc = ctypes.CFUNCTYPE(None,ctypes.c_voidp)

    RequestCodeExtraIndex = py.PyUnstable_Eval_RequestCodeExtraIndex
    RequestCodeExtraIndex.argtypes = (freefunc,)
    RequestCodeExtraIndex.restype = ctypes.c_ssize_t

    SetExtra = py.PyUnstable_Code_SetExtra
    SetExtra.argtypes = (ctypes.py_object, ctypes.c_ssize_t, ctypes.c_voidp)
    SetExtra.restype = ctypes.c_int

    GetExtra = py.PyUnstable_Code_GetExtra
    GetExtra.argtypes = (ctypes.py_object, ctypes.c_ssize_t,
                         ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_voidp))
    GetExtra.restype = ctypes.c_int

    LAST_FREED = None
    def myfree(ptr):
        global LAST_FREED
        LAST_FREED = ptr

    FREE_FUNC = freefunc(myfree)
    FREE_INDEX = RequestCodeExtraIndex(FREE_FUNC)

    class CoExtra(unittest.TestCase):
        def get_func(self):
            # Defining a function causes the containing function to have a
            # reference to the code object.  We need the code objects to go
            # away, so we eval a lambda.
            return eval('lambda:42')

        def test_get_non_code(self):
            f = self.get_func()

            self.assertRaises(SystemError, SetExtra, 42, FREE_INDEX,
                              ctypes.c_voidp(100))
            self.assertRaises(SystemError, GetExtra, 42, FREE_INDEX,
                              ctypes.c_voidp(100))

        def test_bad_index(self):
            f = self.get_func()
            self.assertRaises(SystemError, SetExtra, f.__code__,
                              FREE_INDEX+100, ctypes.c_voidp(100))
            self.assertEqual(GetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX+100,
                              ctypes.c_voidp(100)), 0)

        def test_free_called(self):
            # Verify that the provided free function gets invoked
            # when the code object is cleaned up.
            f = self.get_func()

            SetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX, ctypes.c_voidp(100))
            del f
            self.assertEqual(LAST_FREED, 100)

        def test_get_set(self):
            # Test basic get/set round tripping.
            f = self.get_func()

            extra = ctypes.c_voidp()

            SetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX, ctypes.c_voidp(200))
            # reset should free...
            SetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX, ctypes.c_voidp(300))
            self.assertEqual(LAST_FREED, 200)

            extra = ctypes.c_voidp()
            GetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX, extra)
            self.assertEqual(extra.value, 300)
            del f

        @threading_helper.requires_working_threading()
        def test_free_different_thread(self):
            # Freeing a code object on a different thread then
            # where the co_extra was set should be safe.
            f = self.get_func()
            class ThreadTest(threading.Thread):
                def __init__(self, f, test):
                    super().__init__()
                    self.f = f
                    self.test = test
                def run(self):
                    del self.f
                    self.test.assertEqual(LAST_FREED, 500)

            SetExtra(f.__code__, FREE_INDEX, ctypes.c_voidp(500))
            tt = ThreadTest(f, self)
            del f
            tt.start()
            tt.join()
            self.assertEqual(LAST_FREED, 500)


def load_tests(loader, tests, pattern):
    tests.addTest(doctest.DocTestSuite())
    return tests


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()