summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Lib/test/test_ssl.py
blob: 0dc04c08eaefb887b0135bbf4d81510e34d8b56c (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
# Test the support for SSL and sockets

import sys
import unittest
from test import support
import socket
import select
import time
import datetime
import gc
import os
import errno
import pprint
import tempfile
import urllib.request
import traceback
import asyncore
import weakref
import platform
import functools
from unittest import mock

ssl = support.import_module("ssl")

PROTOCOLS = sorted(ssl._PROTOCOL_NAMES)
HOST = support.HOST

def data_file(*name):
    return os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), *name)

# The custom key and certificate files used in test_ssl are generated
# using Lib/test/make_ssl_certs.py.
# Other certificates are simply fetched from the Internet servers they
# are meant to authenticate.

CERTFILE = data_file("keycert.pem")
BYTES_CERTFILE = os.fsencode(CERTFILE)
ONLYCERT = data_file("ssl_cert.pem")
ONLYKEY = data_file("ssl_key.pem")
BYTES_ONLYCERT = os.fsencode(ONLYCERT)
BYTES_ONLYKEY = os.fsencode(ONLYKEY)
CERTFILE_PROTECTED = data_file("keycert.passwd.pem")
ONLYKEY_PROTECTED = data_file("ssl_key.passwd.pem")
KEY_PASSWORD = "somepass"
CAPATH = data_file("capath")
BYTES_CAPATH = os.fsencode(CAPATH)
CAFILE_NEURONIO = data_file("capath", "4e1295a3.0")
CAFILE_CACERT = data_file("capath", "5ed36f99.0")


# empty CRL
CRLFILE = data_file("revocation.crl")

# Two keys and certs signed by the same CA (for SNI tests)
SIGNED_CERTFILE = data_file("keycert3.pem")
SIGNED_CERTFILE2 = data_file("keycert4.pem")
SIGNING_CA = data_file("pycacert.pem")

SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT = data_file("https_svn_python_org_root.pem")

EMPTYCERT = data_file("nullcert.pem")
BADCERT = data_file("badcert.pem")
WRONGCERT = data_file("XXXnonexisting.pem")
BADKEY = data_file("badkey.pem")
NOKIACERT = data_file("nokia.pem")
NULLBYTECERT = data_file("nullbytecert.pem")

DHFILE = data_file("dh512.pem")
BYTES_DHFILE = os.fsencode(DHFILE)


def handle_error(prefix):
    exc_format = ' '.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()))
    if support.verbose:
        sys.stdout.write(prefix + exc_format)

def can_clear_options():
    # 0.9.8m or higher
    return ssl._OPENSSL_API_VERSION >= (0, 9, 8, 13, 15)

def no_sslv2_implies_sslv3_hello():
    # 0.9.7h or higher
    return ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (0, 9, 7, 8, 15)

def have_verify_flags():
    # 0.9.8 or higher
    return ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (0, 9, 8, 0, 15)

def asn1time(cert_time):
    # Some versions of OpenSSL ignore seconds, see #18207
    # 0.9.8.i
    if ssl._OPENSSL_API_VERSION == (0, 9, 8, 9, 15):
        fmt = "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT"
        dt = datetime.datetime.strptime(cert_time, fmt)
        dt = dt.replace(second=0)
        cert_time = dt.strftime(fmt)
        # %d adds leading zero but ASN1_TIME_print() uses leading space
        if cert_time[4] == "0":
            cert_time = cert_time[:4] + " " + cert_time[5:]

    return cert_time

# Issue #9415: Ubuntu hijacks their OpenSSL and forcefully disables SSLv2
def skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl(func):
    if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
        @functools.wraps(func)
        def f(*args, **kwargs):
            try:
                ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2)
            except ssl.SSLError:
                if (ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO == (0, 9, 8, 15, 15) and
                    platform.linux_distribution() == ('debian', 'squeeze/sid', '')):
                    raise unittest.SkipTest("Patched Ubuntu OpenSSL breaks behaviour")
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return f
    else:
        return func

needs_sni = unittest.skipUnless(ssl.HAS_SNI, "SNI support needed for this test")


class BasicSocketTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_constants(self):
        ssl.CERT_NONE
        ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
        ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        ssl.OP_CIPHER_SERVER_PREFERENCE
        ssl.OP_SINGLE_DH_USE
        if ssl.HAS_ECDH:
            ssl.OP_SINGLE_ECDH_USE
        if ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (1, 0):
            ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION
        self.assertIn(ssl.HAS_SNI, {True, False})
        self.assertIn(ssl.HAS_ECDH, {True, False})

    def test_random(self):
        v = ssl.RAND_status()
        if support.verbose:
            sys.stdout.write("\n RAND_status is %d (%s)\n"
                             % (v, (v and "sufficient randomness") or
                                "insufficient randomness"))

        data, is_cryptographic = ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes(16)
        self.assertEqual(len(data), 16)
        self.assertEqual(is_cryptographic, v == 1)
        if v:
            data = ssl.RAND_bytes(16)
            self.assertEqual(len(data), 16)
        else:
            self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError, ssl.RAND_bytes, 16)

        # negative num is invalid
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.RAND_bytes, -5)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes, -5)

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.RAND_egd, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.RAND_egd, 'foo', 1)
        ssl.RAND_add("this is a random string", 75.0)

    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'posix', 'requires posix')
    def test_random_fork(self):
        status = ssl.RAND_status()
        if not status:
            self.fail("OpenSSL's PRNG has insufficient randomness")

        rfd, wfd = os.pipe()
        pid = os.fork()
        if pid == 0:
            try:
                os.close(rfd)
                child_random = ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes(16)[0]
                self.assertEqual(len(child_random), 16)
                os.write(wfd, child_random)
                os.close(wfd)
            except BaseException:
                os._exit(1)
            else:
                os._exit(0)
        else:
            os.close(wfd)
            self.addCleanup(os.close, rfd)
            _, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
            self.assertEqual(status, 0)

            child_random = os.read(rfd, 16)
            self.assertEqual(len(child_random), 16)
            parent_random = ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes(16)[0]
            self.assertEqual(len(parent_random), 16)

            self.assertNotEqual(child_random, parent_random)

    def test_parse_cert(self):
        # note that this uses an 'unofficial' function in _ssl.c,
        # provided solely for this test, to exercise the certificate
        # parsing code
        p = ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert(CERTFILE)
        if support.verbose:
            sys.stdout.write("\n" + pprint.pformat(p) + "\n")
        self.assertEqual(p['issuer'],
                         ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
                          (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
                          (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
                          (('commonName', 'localhost'),))
                        )
        # Note the next three asserts will fail if the keys are regenerated
        self.assertEqual(p['notAfter'], asn1time('Oct  5 23:01:56 2020 GMT'))
        self.assertEqual(p['notBefore'], asn1time('Oct  8 23:01:56 2010 GMT'))
        self.assertEqual(p['serialNumber'], 'D7C7381919AFC24E')
        self.assertEqual(p['subject'],
                         ((('countryName', 'XY'),),
                          (('localityName', 'Castle Anthrax'),),
                          (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
                          (('commonName', 'localhost'),))
                        )
        self.assertEqual(p['subjectAltName'], (('DNS', 'localhost'),))
        # Issue #13034: the subjectAltName in some certificates
        # (notably projects.developer.nokia.com:443) wasn't parsed
        p = ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert(NOKIACERT)
        if support.verbose:
            sys.stdout.write("\n" + pprint.pformat(p) + "\n")
        self.assertEqual(p['subjectAltName'],
                         (('DNS', 'projects.developer.nokia.com'),
                          ('DNS', 'projects.forum.nokia.com'))
                        )
        # extra OCSP and AIA fields
        self.assertEqual(p['OCSP'], ('http://ocsp.verisign.com',))
        self.assertEqual(p['caIssuers'],
                         ('http://SVRIntl-G3-aia.verisign.com/SVRIntlG3.cer',))
        self.assertEqual(p['crlDistributionPoints'],
                         ('http://SVRIntl-G3-crl.verisign.com/SVRIntlG3.crl',))

    def test_parse_cert_CVE_2013_4238(self):
        p = ssl._ssl._test_decode_cert(NULLBYTECERT)
        if support.verbose:
            sys.stdout.write("\n" + pprint.pformat(p) + "\n")
        subject = ((('countryName', 'US'),),
                   (('stateOrProvinceName', 'Oregon'),),
                   (('localityName', 'Beaverton'),),
                   (('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),),
                   (('organizationalUnitName', 'Python Core Development'),),
                   (('commonName', 'null.python.org\x00example.org'),),
                   (('emailAddress', 'python-dev@python.org'),))
        self.assertEqual(p['subject'], subject)
        self.assertEqual(p['issuer'], subject)
        if ssl._OPENSSL_API_VERSION >= (0, 9, 8):
            san = (('DNS', 'altnull.python.org\x00example.com'),
                   ('email', 'null@python.org\x00user@example.org'),
                   ('URI', 'http://null.python.org\x00http://example.org'),
                   ('IP Address', '192.0.2.1'),
                   ('IP Address', '2001:DB8:0:0:0:0:0:1\n'))
        else:
            # OpenSSL 0.9.7 doesn't support IPv6 addresses in subjectAltName
            san = (('DNS', 'altnull.python.org\x00example.com'),
                   ('email', 'null@python.org\x00user@example.org'),
                   ('URI', 'http://null.python.org\x00http://example.org'),
                   ('IP Address', '192.0.2.1'),
                   ('IP Address', '<invalid>'))

        self.assertEqual(p['subjectAltName'], san)

    def test_DER_to_PEM(self):
        with open(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT, 'r') as f:
            pem = f.read()
        d1 = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
        p2 = ssl.DER_cert_to_PEM_cert(d1)
        d2 = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(p2)
        self.assertEqual(d1, d2)
        if not p2.startswith(ssl.PEM_HEADER + '\n'):
            self.fail("DER-to-PEM didn't include correct header:\n%r\n" % p2)
        if not p2.endswith('\n' + ssl.PEM_FOOTER + '\n'):
            self.fail("DER-to-PEM didn't include correct footer:\n%r\n" % p2)

    def test_openssl_version(self):
        n = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER
        t = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO
        s = ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION
        self.assertIsInstance(n, int)
        self.assertIsInstance(t, tuple)
        self.assertIsInstance(s, str)
        # Some sanity checks follow
        # >= 0.9
        self.assertGreaterEqual(n, 0x900000)
        # < 2.0
        self.assertLess(n, 0x20000000)
        major, minor, fix, patch, status = t
        self.assertGreaterEqual(major, 0)
        self.assertLess(major, 2)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(minor, 0)
        self.assertLess(minor, 256)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(fix, 0)
        self.assertLess(fix, 256)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(patch, 0)
        self.assertLessEqual(patch, 26)
        self.assertGreaterEqual(status, 0)
        self.assertLessEqual(status, 15)
        # Version string as returned by OpenSSL, the format might change
        self.assertTrue(s.startswith("OpenSSL {:d}.{:d}.{:d}".format(major, minor, fix)),
                        (s, t))

    @support.cpython_only
    def test_refcycle(self):
        # Issue #7943: an SSL object doesn't create reference cycles with
        # itself.
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
        ss = ssl.wrap_socket(s)
        wr = weakref.ref(ss)
        with support.check_warnings(("", ResourceWarning)):
            del ss
            self.assertEqual(wr(), None)

    def test_wrapped_unconnected(self):
        # Methods on an unconnected SSLSocket propagate the original
        # OSError raise by the underlying socket object.
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
        with ssl.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recv, 1)
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recv_into, bytearray(b'x'))
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recvfrom, 1)
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.recvfrom_into, bytearray(b'x'), 1)
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.send, b'x')
            self.assertRaises(OSError, ss.sendto, b'x', ('0.0.0.0', 0))

    def test_timeout(self):
        # Issue #8524: when creating an SSL socket, the timeout of the
        # original socket should be retained.
        for timeout in (None, 0.0, 5.0):
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
            s.settimeout(timeout)
            with ssl.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
                self.assertEqual(timeout, ss.gettimeout())

    def test_errors(self):
        sock = socket.socket()
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
                        "certfile must be specified",
                        ssl.wrap_socket, sock, keyfile=CERTFILE)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
                        "certfile must be specified for server-side operations",
                        ssl.wrap_socket, sock, server_side=True)
        self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
                        "certfile must be specified for server-side operations",
                        ssl.wrap_socket, sock, server_side=True, certfile="")
        with ssl.wrap_socket(sock, server_side=True, certfile=CERTFILE) as s:
            self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "can't connect in server-side mode",
                                    s.connect, (HOST, 8080))
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            with socket.socket() as sock:
                ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            with socket.socket() as sock:
                ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=CERTFILE, keyfile=WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            with socket.socket() as sock:
                ssl.wrap_socket(sock, certfile=WRONGCERT, keyfile=WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)

    def test_match_hostname(self):
        def ok(cert, hostname):
            ssl.match_hostname(cert, hostname)
        def fail(cert, hostname):
            self.assertRaises(ssl.CertificateError,
                              ssl.match_hostname, cert, hostname)

        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'example.com'),),)}
        ok(cert, 'example.com')
        ok(cert, 'ExAmple.cOm')
        fail(cert, 'www.example.com')
        fail(cert, '.example.com')
        fail(cert, 'example.org')
        fail(cert, 'exampleXcom')

        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', '*.a.com'),),)}
        ok(cert, 'foo.a.com')
        fail(cert, 'bar.foo.a.com')
        fail(cert, 'a.com')
        fail(cert, 'Xa.com')
        fail(cert, '.a.com')

        # only match one left-most wildcard
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'f*.com'),),)}
        ok(cert, 'foo.com')
        ok(cert, 'f.com')
        fail(cert, 'bar.com')
        fail(cert, 'foo.a.com')
        fail(cert, 'bar.foo.com')

        # NULL bytes are bad, CVE-2013-4073
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName',
                              'null.python.org\x00example.org'),),)}
        ok(cert, 'null.python.org\x00example.org') # or raise an error?
        fail(cert, 'example.org')
        fail(cert, 'null.python.org')

        # error cases with wildcards
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', '*.*.a.com'),),)}
        fail(cert, 'bar.foo.a.com')
        fail(cert, 'a.com')
        fail(cert, 'Xa.com')
        fail(cert, '.a.com')

        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'a.*.com'),),)}
        fail(cert, 'a.foo.com')
        fail(cert, 'a..com')
        fail(cert, 'a.com')

        # wildcard doesn't match IDNA prefix 'xn--'
        idna = 'püthon.python.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii")
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', idna),),)}
        ok(cert, idna)
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'x*.python.org'),),)}
        fail(cert, idna)
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'xn--p*.python.org'),),)}
        fail(cert, idna)

        # wildcard in first fragment and  IDNA A-labels in sequent fragments
        # are supported.
        idna = 'www*.pythön.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii")
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', idna),),)}
        ok(cert, 'www.pythön.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii"))
        ok(cert, 'www1.pythön.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii"))
        fail(cert, 'ftp.pythön.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii"))
        fail(cert, 'pythön.org'.encode("idna").decode("ascii"))

        # Slightly fake real-world example
        cert = {'notAfter': 'Jun 26 21:41:46 2011 GMT',
                'subject': ((('commonName', 'linuxfrz.org'),),),
                'subjectAltName': (('DNS', 'linuxfr.org'),
                                   ('DNS', 'linuxfr.com'),
                                   ('othername', '<unsupported>'))}
        ok(cert, 'linuxfr.org')
        ok(cert, 'linuxfr.com')
        # Not a "DNS" entry
        fail(cert, '<unsupported>')
        # When there is a subjectAltName, commonName isn't used
        fail(cert, 'linuxfrz.org')

        # A pristine real-world example
        cert = {'notAfter': 'Dec 18 23:59:59 2011 GMT',
                'subject': ((('countryName', 'US'),),
                            (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),
                            (('localityName', 'Mountain View'),),
                            (('organizationName', 'Google Inc'),),
                            (('commonName', 'mail.google.com'),))}
        ok(cert, 'mail.google.com')
        fail(cert, 'gmail.com')
        # Only commonName is considered
        fail(cert, 'California')

        # Neither commonName nor subjectAltName
        cert = {'notAfter': 'Dec 18 23:59:59 2011 GMT',
                'subject': ((('countryName', 'US'),),
                            (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),
                            (('localityName', 'Mountain View'),),
                            (('organizationName', 'Google Inc'),))}
        fail(cert, 'mail.google.com')

        # No DNS entry in subjectAltName but a commonName
        cert = {'notAfter': 'Dec 18 23:59:59 2099 GMT',
                'subject': ((('countryName', 'US'),),
                            (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),
                            (('localityName', 'Mountain View'),),
                            (('commonName', 'mail.google.com'),)),
                'subjectAltName': (('othername', 'blabla'), )}
        ok(cert, 'mail.google.com')

        # No DNS entry subjectAltName and no commonName
        cert = {'notAfter': 'Dec 18 23:59:59 2099 GMT',
                'subject': ((('countryName', 'US'),),
                            (('stateOrProvinceName', 'California'),),
                            (('localityName', 'Mountain View'),),
                            (('organizationName', 'Google Inc'),)),
                'subjectAltName': (('othername', 'blabla'),)}
        fail(cert, 'google.com')

        # Empty cert / no cert
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.match_hostname, None, 'example.com')
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.match_hostname, {}, 'example.com')

        # Issue #17980: avoid denials of service by refusing more than one
        # wildcard per fragment.
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'a*b.com'),),)}
        ok(cert, 'axxb.com')
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'a*b.co*'),),)}
        fail(cert, 'axxb.com')
        cert = {'subject': ((('commonName', 'a*b*.com'),),)}
        with self.assertRaises(ssl.CertificateError) as cm:
            ssl.match_hostname(cert, 'axxbxxc.com')
        self.assertIn("too many wildcards", str(cm.exception))

    def test_server_side(self):
        # server_hostname doesn't work for server sockets
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
        with socket.socket() as sock:
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.wrap_socket, sock, True,
                              server_hostname="some.hostname")

    def test_unknown_channel_binding(self):
        # should raise ValueError for unknown type
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
        with ssl.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                ss.get_channel_binding("unknown-type")

    @unittest.skipUnless("tls-unique" in ssl.CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES,
                         "'tls-unique' channel binding not available")
    def test_tls_unique_channel_binding(self):
        # unconnected should return None for known type
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
        with ssl.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
            self.assertIsNone(ss.get_channel_binding("tls-unique"))
        # the same for server-side
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
        with ssl.wrap_socket(s, server_side=True, certfile=CERTFILE) as ss:
            self.assertIsNone(ss.get_channel_binding("tls-unique"))

    def test_dealloc_warn(self):
        ss = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
        r = repr(ss)
        with self.assertWarns(ResourceWarning) as cm:
            ss = None
            support.gc_collect()
        self.assertIn(r, str(cm.warning.args[0]))

    def test_get_default_verify_paths(self):
        paths = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
        self.assertEqual(len(paths), 6)
        self.assertIsInstance(paths, ssl.DefaultVerifyPaths)

        with support.EnvironmentVarGuard() as env:
            env["SSL_CERT_DIR"] = CAPATH
            env["SSL_CERT_FILE"] = CERTFILE
            paths = ssl.get_default_verify_paths()
            self.assertEqual(paths.cafile, CERTFILE)
            self.assertEqual(paths.capath, CAPATH)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows specific")
    def test_enum_certificates(self):
        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_certificates("CA"))
        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_certificates("ROOT"))

        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.enum_certificates)
        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, ssl.enum_certificates, "")

        trust_oids = set()
        for storename in ("CA", "ROOT"):
            store = ssl.enum_certificates(storename)
            self.assertIsInstance(store, list)
            for element in store:
                self.assertIsInstance(element, tuple)
                self.assertEqual(len(element), 3)
                cert, enc, trust = element
                self.assertIsInstance(cert, bytes)
                self.assertIn(enc, {"x509_asn", "pkcs_7_asn"})
                self.assertIsInstance(trust, (set, bool))
                if isinstance(trust, set):
                    trust_oids.update(trust)

        serverAuth = "1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1"
        self.assertIn(serverAuth, trust_oids)

    @unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows specific")
    def test_enum_crls(self):
        self.assertTrue(ssl.enum_crls("CA"))
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.enum_crls)
        self.assertRaises(WindowsError, ssl.enum_crls, "")

        crls = ssl.enum_crls("CA")
        self.assertIsInstance(crls, list)
        for element in crls:
            self.assertIsInstance(element, tuple)
            self.assertEqual(len(element), 2)
            self.assertIsInstance(element[0], bytes)
            self.assertIn(element[1], {"x509_asn", "pkcs_7_asn"})


    def test_asn1object(self):
        expected = (129, 'serverAuth', 'TLS Web Server Authentication',
                    '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')

        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
        self.assertEqual(val.nid, 129)
        self.assertEqual(val.shortname, 'serverAuth')
        self.assertEqual(val.longname, 'TLS Web Server Authentication')
        self.assertEqual(val.oid, '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl._ASN1Object, 'serverAuth')

        val = ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(129)
        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid, -1)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "unknown NID 100000"):
            ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(100000)
        for i in range(1000):
            try:
                obj = ssl._ASN1Object.fromnid(i)
            except ValueError:
                pass
            else:
                self.assertIsInstance(obj.nid, int)
                self.assertIsInstance(obj.shortname, str)
                self.assertIsInstance(obj.longname, str)
                self.assertIsInstance(obj.oid, (str, type(None)))

        val = ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('TLS Web Server Authentication')
        self.assertEqual(val, expected)
        self.assertIsInstance(val, ssl._ASN1Object)
        self.assertEqual(ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('serverAuth'), expected)
        self.assertEqual(ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1'),
                         expected)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "unknown object 'serverauth'"):
            ssl._ASN1Object.fromname('serverauth')

    def test_purpose_enum(self):
        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')
        self.assertIsInstance(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH, ssl._ASN1Object)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH, val)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.nid, 129)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.shortname, 'serverAuth')
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.oid,
                              '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1')

        val = ssl._ASN1Object('1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2')
        self.assertIsInstance(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH, ssl._ASN1Object)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH, val)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.nid, 130)
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.shortname, 'clientAuth')
        self.assertEqual(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH.oid,
                              '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2')

    def test_unsupported_dtls(self):
        s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
        self.addCleanup(s.close)
        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError) as cx:
            ssl.wrap_socket(s, cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE)
        self.assertEqual(str(cx.exception), "only stream sockets are supported")
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
        with self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError) as cx:
            ctx.wrap_socket(s)
        self.assertEqual(str(cx.exception), "only stream sockets are supported")


class ContextTests(unittest.TestCase):

    @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
    def test_constructor(self):
        for protocol in PROTOCOLS:
            ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ssl.SSLContext)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.SSLContext, -1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssl.SSLContext, 42)

    @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
    def test_protocol(self):
        for proto in PROTOCOLS:
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(proto)
            self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, proto)

    def test_ciphers(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.set_ciphers("ALL")
        ctx.set_ciphers("DEFAULT")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "No cipher can be selected"):
            ctx.set_ciphers("^$:,;?*'dorothyx")

    @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
    def test_options(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        # OP_ALL | OP_NO_SSLv2 is the default value
        self.assertEqual(ssl.OP_ALL | ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2,
                         ctx.options)
        ctx.options |= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3
        self.assertEqual(ssl.OP_ALL | ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2 | ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3,
                         ctx.options)
        if can_clear_options():
            ctx.options = (ctx.options & ~ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2) | ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1
            self.assertEqual(ssl.OP_ALL | ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1 | ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3,
                             ctx.options)
            ctx.options = 0
            self.assertEqual(0, ctx.options)
        else:
            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                ctx.options = 0

    def test_verify_mode(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        # Default value
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            ctx.verify_mode = None
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            ctx.verify_mode = 42

    @unittest.skipUnless(have_verify_flags(),
                         "verify_flags need OpenSSL > 0.9.8")
    def test_verify_flags(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        # default value by OpenSSL
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)
        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF)
        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_CHAIN)
        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)
        # supports any value
        ctx.verify_flags = ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF | ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_flags,
                         ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF | ssl.VERIFY_X509_STRICT)
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            ctx.verify_flags = None

    def test_load_cert_chain(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        # Combined key and cert in a single file
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE, keyfile=CERTFILE)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_cert_chain, keyfile=CERTFILE)
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            ctx.load_cert_chain(WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(BADCERT)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(EMPTYCERT)
        # Separate key and cert
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile=ONLYCERT, keyfile=ONLYKEY)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile=BYTES_ONLYCERT, keyfile=BYTES_ONLYKEY)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYCERT)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYKEY)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(certfile=ONLYKEY, keyfile=ONLYCERT)
        # Mismatching key and cert
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "key values mismatch"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT, ONLYKEY)
        # Password protected key and cert
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=KEY_PASSWORD)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=KEY_PASSWORD.encode())
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED,
                            password=bytearray(KEY_PASSWORD.encode()))
        ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY_PROTECTED, KEY_PASSWORD)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY_PROTECTED, KEY_PASSWORD.encode())
        ctx.load_cert_chain(ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY_PROTECTED,
                            bytearray(KEY_PASSWORD.encode()))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "should be a string"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=True)
        with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password="badpass")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "cannot be longer"):
            # openssl has a fixed limit on the password buffer.
            # PEM_BUFSIZE is generally set to 1kb.
            # Return a string larger than this.
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=b'a' * 102400)
        # Password callback
        def getpass_unicode():
            return KEY_PASSWORD
        def getpass_bytes():
            return KEY_PASSWORD.encode()
        def getpass_bytearray():
            return bytearray(KEY_PASSWORD.encode())
        def getpass_badpass():
            return "badpass"
        def getpass_huge():
            return b'a' * (1024 * 1024)
        def getpass_bad_type():
            return 9
        def getpass_exception():
            raise Exception('getpass error')
        class GetPassCallable:
            def __call__(self):
                return KEY_PASSWORD
            def getpass(self):
                return KEY_PASSWORD
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_unicode)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_bytes)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_bytearray)
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=GetPassCallable())
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED,
                            password=GetPassCallable().getpass)
        with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_badpass)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, "cannot be longer"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_huge)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "must return a string"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_bad_type)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, "getpass error"):
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE_PROTECTED, password=getpass_exception)
        # Make sure the password function isn't called if it isn't needed
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE, password=getpass_exception)

    def test_load_verify_locations(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=CERTFILE, capath=None)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(BYTES_CERTFILE)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=BYTES_CERTFILE, capath=None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, None, None, None)
        with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
            ctx.load_verify_locations(WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "PEM lib"):
            ctx.load_verify_locations(BADCERT)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE, CAPATH)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE, capath=BYTES_CAPATH)

        # Issue #10989: crash if the second argument type is invalid
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, None, True)

    def test_load_verify_cadata(self):
        # test cadata
        with open(CAFILE_CACERT) as f:
            cacert_pem = f.read()
        cacert_der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(cacert_pem)
        with open(CAFILE_NEURONIO) as f:
            neuronio_pem = f.read()
        neuronio_der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(neuronio_pem)

        # test PEM
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 0)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_pem)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 1)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_pem)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
        # cert already in hash table
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_pem)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)

        # combined
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        combined = "\n".join((cacert_pem, neuronio_pem))
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=combined)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)

        # with junk around the certs
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        combined = ["head", cacert_pem, "other", neuronio_pem, "again",
                    neuronio_pem, "tail"]
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata="\n".join(combined))
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)

        # test DER
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_der)
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=neuronio_der)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)
        # cert already in hash table
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=cacert_der)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)

        # combined
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        combined = b"".join((cacert_der, neuronio_der))
        ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=combined)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats()["x509_ca"], 2)

        # error cases
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_verify_locations, cadata=object)

        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "no start line"):
            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata="broken")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "not enough data"):
            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=b"broken")


    def test_load_dh_params(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_dh_params(DHFILE)
        if os.name != 'nt':
            ctx.load_dh_params(BYTES_DHFILE)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_dh_params)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_dh_params, None)
        with self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError) as cm:
            ctx.load_dh_params(WRONGCERT)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOENT)
        with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm:
            ctx.load_dh_params(CERTFILE)

    @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
    def test_session_stats(self):
        for proto in PROTOCOLS:
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(proto)
            self.assertEqual(ctx.session_stats(), {
                'number': 0,
                'connect': 0,
                'connect_good': 0,
                'connect_renegotiate': 0,
                'accept': 0,
                'accept_good': 0,
                'accept_renegotiate': 0,
                'hits': 0,
                'misses': 0,
                'timeouts': 0,
                'cache_full': 0,
            })

    def test_set_default_verify_paths(self):
        # There's not much we can do to test that it acts as expected,
        # so just check it doesn't crash or raise an exception.
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.set_default_verify_paths()

    @unittest.skipUnless(ssl.HAS_ECDH, "ECDH disabled on this OpenSSL build")
    def test_set_ecdh_curve(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.set_ecdh_curve("prime256v1")
        ctx.set_ecdh_curve(b"prime256v1")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve, None)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve, "foo")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, ctx.set_ecdh_curve, b"foo")

    @needs_sni
    def test_sni_callback(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)

        # set_servername_callback expects a callable, or None
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, 4)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, "")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.set_servername_callback, ctx)

        def dummycallback(sock, servername, ctx):
            pass
        ctx.set_servername_callback(None)
        ctx.set_servername_callback(dummycallback)

    @needs_sni
    def test_sni_callback_refcycle(self):
        # Reference cycles through the servername callback are detected
        # and cleared.
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        def dummycallback(sock, servername, ctx, cycle=ctx):
            pass
        ctx.set_servername_callback(dummycallback)
        wr = weakref.ref(ctx)
        del ctx, dummycallback
        gc.collect()
        self.assertIs(wr(), None)

    def test_cert_store_stats(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 0})
        ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 0})
        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
            {'x509_ca': 0, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 1})
        ctx.load_verify_locations(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.cert_store_stats(),
            {'x509_ca': 1, 'crl': 0, 'x509': 2})

    def test_get_ca_certs(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
        # CERTFILE is not flagged as X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE
        ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
        # but SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT is a CA cert
        ctx.load_verify_locations(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(),
            [{'issuer': ((('organizationName', 'Root CA'),),
                         (('organizationalUnitName', 'http://www.cacert.org'),),
                         (('commonName', 'CA Cert Signing Authority'),),
                         (('emailAddress', 'support@cacert.org'),)),
              'notAfter': asn1time('Mar 29 12:29:49 2033 GMT'),
              'notBefore': asn1time('Mar 30 12:29:49 2003 GMT'),
              'serialNumber': '00',
              'crlDistributionPoints': ('https://www.cacert.org/revoke.crl',),
              'subject': ((('organizationName', 'Root CA'),),
                          (('organizationalUnitName', 'http://www.cacert.org'),),
                          (('commonName', 'CA Cert Signing Authority'),),
                          (('emailAddress', 'support@cacert.org'),)),
              'version': 3}])

        with open(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT) as f:
            pem = f.read()
        der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(True), [der])

    def test_load_default_certs(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_default_certs()

        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_default_certs(ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH)
        ctx.load_default_certs()

        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        ctx.load_default_certs(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)

        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_default_certs, None)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, ctx.load_default_certs, 'SERVER_AUTH')

    def test_create_default_context(self):
        ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        with open(SIGNING_CA) as f:
            cadata = f.read()
        ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=SIGNING_CA, capath=CAPATH,
                                         cadata=cadata)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

    def test__create_stdlib_context(self):
        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context()
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
                                         cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                         check_hostname=True)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        ctx = ssl._create_stdlib_context(purpose=ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.protocol, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.verify_mode, ssl.CERT_NONE)
        self.assertEqual(ctx.options & ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2, ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

    def test_check_hostname(self):
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)

        # Requires CERT_REQUIRED or CERT_OPTIONAL
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            ctx.check_hostname = True
        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)
        ctx.check_hostname = True
        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)

        ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL
        ctx.check_hostname = True
        self.assertTrue(ctx.check_hostname)

        # Cannot set CERT_NONE with check_hostname enabled
        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE
        ctx.check_hostname = False
        self.assertFalse(ctx.check_hostname)


class SSLErrorTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_str(self):
        # The str() of a SSLError doesn't include the errno
        e = ssl.SSLError(1, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(str(e), "foo")
        self.assertEqual(e.errno, 1)
        # Same for a subclass
        e = ssl.SSLZeroReturnError(1, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(str(e), "foo")
        self.assertEqual(e.errno, 1)

    def test_lib_reason(self):
        # Test the library and reason attributes
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm:
            ctx.load_dh_params(CERTFILE)
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.library, 'PEM')
        self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'NO_START_LINE')
        s = str(cm.exception)
        self.assertTrue(s.startswith("[PEM: NO_START_LINE] no start line"), s)

    def test_subclass(self):
        # Check that the appropriate SSLError subclass is raised
        # (this only tests one of them)
        ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
        with socket.socket() as s:
            s.bind(("127.0.0.1", 0))
            s.listen(5)
            c = socket.socket()
            c.connect(s.getsockname())
            c.setblocking(False)
            with ctx.wrap_socket(c, False, do_handshake_on_connect=False) as c:
                with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLWantReadError) as cm:
                    c.do_handshake()
                s = str(cm.exception)
                self.assertTrue(s.startswith("The operation did not complete (read)"), s)
                # For compatibility
                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, ssl.SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ)


class NetworkedTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_connect(self):
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE)
            try:
                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                self.assertEqual({}, s.getpeercert())
            finally:
                s.close()

            # this should fail because we have no verification certs
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "certificate verify failed",
                                   s.connect, ("svn.python.org", 443))
            s.close()

            # this should succeed because we specify the root cert
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                ca_certs=SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
            try:
                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                self.assertTrue(s.getpeercert())
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_connect_ex(self):
        # Issue #11326: check connect_ex() implementation
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                ca_certs=SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
            try:
                self.assertEqual(0, s.connect_ex(("svn.python.org", 443)))
                self.assertTrue(s.getpeercert())
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_non_blocking_connect_ex(self):
        # Issue #11326: non-blocking connect_ex() should allow handshake
        # to proceed after the socket gets ready.
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                ca_certs=SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT,
                                do_handshake_on_connect=False)
            try:
                s.setblocking(False)
                rc = s.connect_ex(('svn.python.org', 443))
                # EWOULDBLOCK under Windows, EINPROGRESS elsewhere
                self.assertIn(rc, (0, errno.EINPROGRESS, errno.EWOULDBLOCK))
                # Wait for connect to finish
                select.select([], [s], [], 5.0)
                # Non-blocking handshake
                while True:
                    try:
                        s.do_handshake()
                        break
                    except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
                        select.select([s], [], [], 5.0)
                    except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
                        select.select([], [s], [], 5.0)
                # SSL established
                self.assertTrue(s.getpeercert())
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_timeout_connect_ex(self):
        # Issue #12065: on a timeout, connect_ex() should return the original
        # errno (mimicking the behaviour of non-SSL sockets).
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                ca_certs=SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT,
                                do_handshake_on_connect=False)
            try:
                s.settimeout(0.0000001)
                rc = s.connect_ex(('svn.python.org', 443))
                if rc == 0:
                    self.skipTest("svn.python.org responded too quickly")
                self.assertIn(rc, (errno.EAGAIN, errno.EWOULDBLOCK))
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_connect_ex_error(self):
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                ca_certs=SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
            try:
                rc = s.connect_ex(("svn.python.org", 444))
                # Issue #19919: Windows machines or VMs hosted on Windows
                # machines sometimes return EWOULDBLOCK.
                self.assertIn(rc, (errno.ECONNREFUSED, errno.EWOULDBLOCK))
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_connect_with_context(self):
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            # Same as test_connect, but with a separately created context
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            try:
                self.assertEqual({}, s.getpeercert())
            finally:
                s.close()
            # Same with a server hostname
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                server_hostname="svn.python.org")
            if ssl.HAS_SNI:
                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                s.close()
            else:
                self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.connect, ("svn.python.org", 443))
            # This should fail because we have no verification certs
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "certificate verify failed",
                                    s.connect, ("svn.python.org", 443))
            s.close()
            # This should succeed because we specify the root cert
            ctx.load_verify_locations(SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            try:
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_connect_capath(self):
        # Verify server certificates using the `capath` argument
        # NOTE: the subject hashing algorithm has been changed between
        # OpenSSL 0.9.8n and 1.0.0, as a result the capath directory must
        # contain both versions of each certificate (same content, different
        # filename) for this test to be portable across OpenSSL releases.
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(capath=CAPATH)
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            try:
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)
            finally:
                s.close()
            # Same with a bytes `capath` argument
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(capath=BYTES_CAPATH)
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            try:
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_connect_cadata(self):
        with open(CAFILE_CACERT) as f:
            pem = f.read()
        der = ssl.PEM_cert_to_DER_cert(pem)
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=pem)
            with ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)) as s:
                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)

            # same with DER
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(cadata=der)
            with ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)) as s:
                s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)

    @unittest.skipIf(os.name == "nt", "Can't use a socket as a file under Windows")
    def test_makefile_close(self):
        # Issue #5238: creating a file-like object with makefile() shouldn't
        # delay closing the underlying "real socket" (here tested with its
        # file descriptor, hence skipping the test under Windows).
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            ss = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            ss.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            fd = ss.fileno()
            f = ss.makefile()
            f.close()
            # The fd is still open
            os.read(fd, 0)
            # Closing the SSL socket should close the fd too
            ss.close()
            gc.collect()
            with self.assertRaises(OSError) as e:
                os.read(fd, 0)
            self.assertEqual(e.exception.errno, errno.EBADF)

    def test_non_blocking_handshake(self):
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            s.setblocking(False)
            s = ssl.wrap_socket(s,
                                cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                do_handshake_on_connect=False)
            count = 0
            while True:
                try:
                    count += 1
                    s.do_handshake()
                    break
                except ssl.SSLWantReadError:
                    select.select([s], [], [])
                except ssl.SSLWantWriteError:
                    select.select([], [s], [])
            s.close()
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\nNeeded %d calls to do_handshake() to establish session.\n" % count)

    def test_get_server_certificate(self):
        def _test_get_server_certificate(host, port, cert=None):
            with support.transient_internet(host):
                pem = ssl.get_server_certificate((host, port))
                if not pem:
                    self.fail("No server certificate on %s:%s!" % (host, port))

                try:
                    pem = ssl.get_server_certificate((host, port), ca_certs=CERTFILE)
                except ssl.SSLError as x:
                    #should fail
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write("%s\n" % x)
                else:
                    self.fail("Got server certificate %s for %s:%s!" % (pem, host, port))

                pem = ssl.get_server_certificate((host, port), ca_certs=cert)
                if not pem:
                    self.fail("No server certificate on %s:%s!" % (host, port))
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\nVerified certificate for %s:%s is\n%s\n" % (host, port ,pem))

        _test_get_server_certificate('svn.python.org', 443, SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT)
        if support.IPV6_ENABLED:
            _test_get_server_certificate('ipv6.google.com', 443)

    def test_ciphers(self):
        remote = ("svn.python.org", 443)
        with support.transient_internet(remote[0]):
            with ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                 cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ciphers="ALL") as s:
                s.connect(remote)
            with ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                 cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ciphers="DEFAULT") as s:
                s.connect(remote)
            # Error checking can happen at instantiation or when connecting
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError, "No cipher can be selected"):
                with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET) as sock:
                    s = ssl.wrap_socket(sock,
                                        cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE, ciphers="^$:,;?*'dorothyx")
                    s.connect(remote)

    def test_algorithms(self):
        # Issue #8484: all algorithms should be available when verifying a
        # certificate.
        # SHA256 was added in OpenSSL 0.9.8
        if ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO < (0, 9, 8, 0, 15):
            self.skipTest("SHA256 not available on %r" % ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION)
        # sha256.tbs-internet.com needs SNI to use the correct certificate
        if not ssl.HAS_SNI:
            self.skipTest("SNI needed for this test")
        # https://sha2.hboeck.de/ was used until 2011-01-08 (no route to host)
        remote = ("sha256.tbs-internet.com", 443)
        sha256_cert = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "sha256.pem")
        with support.transient_internet("sha256.tbs-internet.com"):
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(sha256_cert)
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET),
                                server_hostname="sha256.tbs-internet.com")
            try:
                s.connect(remote)
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\nCipher with %r is %r\n" %
                                     (remote, s.cipher()))
                    sys.stdout.write("Certificate is:\n%s\n" %
                                     pprint.pformat(s.getpeercert()))
            finally:
                s.close()

    def test_get_ca_certs_capath(self):
        # capath certs are loaded on request
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            ctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            ctx.load_verify_locations(capath=CAPATH)
            self.assertEqual(ctx.get_ca_certs(), [])
            s = ctx.wrap_socket(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET))
            s.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
            try:
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert)
            finally:
                s.close()
            self.assertEqual(len(ctx.get_ca_certs()), 1)

    @needs_sni
    def test_context_setget(self):
        # Check that the context of a connected socket can be replaced.
        with support.transient_internet("svn.python.org"):
            ctx1 = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            ctx2 = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
            with ctx1.wrap_socket(s) as ss:
                ss.connect(("svn.python.org", 443))
                self.assertIs(ss.context, ctx1)
                self.assertIs(ss._sslobj.context, ctx1)
                ss.context = ctx2
                self.assertIs(ss.context, ctx2)
                self.assertIs(ss._sslobj.context, ctx2)

try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    _have_threads = False
else:
    _have_threads = True

    from test.ssl_servers import make_https_server

    class ThreadedEchoServer(threading.Thread):

        class ConnectionHandler(threading.Thread):

            """A mildly complicated class, because we want it to work both
            with and without the SSL wrapper around the socket connection, so
            that we can test the STARTTLS functionality."""

            def __init__(self, server, connsock, addr):
                self.server = server
                self.running = False
                self.sock = connsock
                self.addr = addr
                self.sock.setblocking(1)
                self.sslconn = None
                threading.Thread.__init__(self)
                self.daemon = True

            def wrap_conn(self):
                try:
                    self.sslconn = self.server.context.wrap_socket(
                        self.sock, server_side=True)
                    self.server.selected_protocols.append(self.sslconn.selected_npn_protocol())
                except (ssl.SSLError, ConnectionResetError) as e:
                    # We treat ConnectionResetError as though it were an
                    # SSLError - OpenSSL on Ubuntu abruptly closes the
                    # connection when asked to use an unsupported protocol.
                    #
                    # XXX Various errors can have happened here, for example
                    # a mismatching protocol version, an invalid certificate,
                    # or a low-level bug. This should be made more discriminating.
                    self.server.conn_errors.append(e)
                    if self.server.chatty:
                        handle_error("\n server:  bad connection attempt from " + repr(self.addr) + ":\n")
                    self.running = False
                    self.server.stop()
                    self.close()
                    return False
                else:
                    if self.server.context.verify_mode == ssl.CERT_REQUIRED:
                        cert = self.sslconn.getpeercert()
                        if support.verbose and self.server.chatty:
                            sys.stdout.write(" client cert is " + pprint.pformat(cert) + "\n")
                        cert_binary = self.sslconn.getpeercert(True)
                        if support.verbose and self.server.chatty:
                            sys.stdout.write(" cert binary is " + str(len(cert_binary)) + " bytes\n")
                    cipher = self.sslconn.cipher()
                    if support.verbose and self.server.chatty:
                        sys.stdout.write(" server: connection cipher is now " + str(cipher) + "\n")
                        sys.stdout.write(" server: selected protocol is now "
                                + str(self.sslconn.selected_npn_protocol()) + "\n")
                    return True

            def read(self):
                if self.sslconn:
                    return self.sslconn.read()
                else:
                    return self.sock.recv(1024)

            def write(self, bytes):
                if self.sslconn:
                    return self.sslconn.write(bytes)
                else:
                    return self.sock.send(bytes)

            def close(self):
                if self.sslconn:
                    self.sslconn.close()
                else:
                    self.sock.close()

            def run(self):
                self.running = True
                if not self.server.starttls_server:
                    if not self.wrap_conn():
                        return
                while self.running:
                    try:
                        msg = self.read()
                        stripped = msg.strip()
                        if not stripped:
                            # eof, so quit this handler
                            self.running = False
                            self.close()
                        elif stripped == b'over':
                            if support.verbose and self.server.connectionchatty:
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: client closed connection\n")
                            self.close()
                            return
                        elif (self.server.starttls_server and
                              stripped == b'STARTTLS'):
                            if support.verbose and self.server.connectionchatty:
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: read STARTTLS from client, sending OK...\n")
                            self.write(b"OK\n")
                            if not self.wrap_conn():
                                return
                        elif (self.server.starttls_server and self.sslconn
                              and stripped == b'ENDTLS'):
                            if support.verbose and self.server.connectionchatty:
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: read ENDTLS from client, sending OK...\n")
                            self.write(b"OK\n")
                            self.sock = self.sslconn.unwrap()
                            self.sslconn = None
                            if support.verbose and self.server.connectionchatty:
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: connection is now unencrypted...\n")
                        elif stripped == b'CB tls-unique':
                            if support.verbose and self.server.connectionchatty:
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: read CB tls-unique from client, sending our CB data...\n")
                            data = self.sslconn.get_channel_binding("tls-unique")
                            self.write(repr(data).encode("us-ascii") + b"\n")
                        else:
                            if (support.verbose and
                                self.server.connectionchatty):
                                ctype = (self.sslconn and "encrypted") or "unencrypted"
                                sys.stdout.write(" server: read %r (%s), sending back %r (%s)...\n"
                                                 % (msg, ctype, msg.lower(), ctype))
                            self.write(msg.lower())
                    except OSError:
                        if self.server.chatty:
                            handle_error("Test server failure:\n")
                        self.close()
                        self.running = False
                        # normally, we'd just stop here, but for the test
                        # harness, we want to stop the server
                        self.server.stop()

        def __init__(self, certificate=None, ssl_version=None,
                     certreqs=None, cacerts=None,
                     chatty=True, connectionchatty=False, starttls_server=False,
                     npn_protocols=None, ciphers=None, context=None):
            if context:
                self.context = context
            else:
                self.context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl_version
                                              if ssl_version is not None
                                              else ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                self.context.verify_mode = (certreqs if certreqs is not None
                                            else ssl.CERT_NONE)
                if cacerts:
                    self.context.load_verify_locations(cacerts)
                if certificate:
                    self.context.load_cert_chain(certificate)
                if npn_protocols:
                    self.context.set_npn_protocols(npn_protocols)
                if ciphers:
                    self.context.set_ciphers(ciphers)
            self.chatty = chatty
            self.connectionchatty = connectionchatty
            self.starttls_server = starttls_server
            self.sock = socket.socket()
            self.port = support.bind_port(self.sock)
            self.flag = None
            self.active = False
            self.selected_protocols = []
            self.conn_errors = []
            threading.Thread.__init__(self)
            self.daemon = True

        def __enter__(self):
            self.start(threading.Event())
            self.flag.wait()
            return self

        def __exit__(self, *args):
            self.stop()
            self.join()

        def start(self, flag=None):
            self.flag = flag
            threading.Thread.start(self)

        def run(self):
            self.sock.settimeout(0.05)
            self.sock.listen(5)
            self.active = True
            if self.flag:
                # signal an event
                self.flag.set()
            while self.active:
                try:
                    newconn, connaddr = self.sock.accept()
                    if support.verbose and self.chatty:
                        sys.stdout.write(' server:  new connection from '
                                         + repr(connaddr) + '\n')
                    handler = self.ConnectionHandler(self, newconn, connaddr)
                    handler.start()
                    handler.join()
                except socket.timeout:
                    pass
                except KeyboardInterrupt:
                    self.stop()
            self.sock.close()

        def stop(self):
            self.active = False

    class AsyncoreEchoServer(threading.Thread):

        # this one's based on asyncore.dispatcher

        class EchoServer (asyncore.dispatcher):

            class ConnectionHandler (asyncore.dispatcher_with_send):

                def __init__(self, conn, certfile):
                    self.socket = ssl.wrap_socket(conn, server_side=True,
                                                  certfile=certfile,
                                                  do_handshake_on_connect=False)
                    asyncore.dispatcher_with_send.__init__(self, self.socket)
                    self._ssl_accepting = True
                    self._do_ssl_handshake()

                def readable(self):
                    if isinstance(self.socket, ssl.SSLSocket):
                        while self.socket.pending() > 0:
                            self.handle_read_event()
                    return True

                def _do_ssl_handshake(self):
                    try:
                        self.socket.do_handshake()
                    except (ssl.SSLWantReadError, ssl.SSLWantWriteError):
                        return
                    except ssl.SSLEOFError:
                        return self.handle_close()
                    except ssl.SSLError:
                        raise
                    except OSError as err:
                        if err.args[0] == errno.ECONNABORTED:
                            return self.handle_close()
                    else:
                        self._ssl_accepting = False

                def handle_read(self):
                    if self._ssl_accepting:
                        self._do_ssl_handshake()
                    else:
                        data = self.recv(1024)
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(" server:  read %s from client\n" % repr(data))
                        if not data:
                            self.close()
                        else:
                            self.send(data.lower())

                def handle_close(self):
                    self.close()
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write(" server:  closed connection %s\n" % self.socket)

                def handle_error(self):
                    raise

            def __init__(self, certfile):
                self.certfile = certfile
                sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
                self.port = support.bind_port(sock, '')
                asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self, sock)
                self.listen(5)

            def handle_accepted(self, sock_obj, addr):
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" server:  new connection from %s:%s\n" %addr)
                self.ConnectionHandler(sock_obj, self.certfile)

            def handle_error(self):
                raise

        def __init__(self, certfile):
            self.flag = None
            self.active = False
            self.server = self.EchoServer(certfile)
            self.port = self.server.port
            threading.Thread.__init__(self)
            self.daemon = True

        def __str__(self):
            return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.server)

        def __enter__(self):
            self.start(threading.Event())
            self.flag.wait()
            return self

        def __exit__(self, *args):
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write(" cleanup: stopping server.\n")
            self.stop()
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write(" cleanup: joining server thread.\n")
            self.join()
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write(" cleanup: successfully joined.\n")

        def start (self, flag=None):
            self.flag = flag
            threading.Thread.start(self)

        def run(self):
            self.active = True
            if self.flag:
                self.flag.set()
            while self.active:
                try:
                    asyncore.loop(1)
                except:
                    pass

        def stop(self):
            self.active = False
            self.server.close()

    def bad_cert_test(certfile):
        """
        Launch a server with CERT_REQUIRED, and check that trying to
        connect to it with the given client certificate fails.
        """
        server = ThreadedEchoServer(CERTFILE,
                                    certreqs=ssl.CERT_REQUIRED,
                                    cacerts=CERTFILE, chatty=False,
                                    connectionchatty=False)
        with server:
            try:
                with socket.socket() as sock:
                    s = ssl.wrap_socket(sock,
                                        certfile=certfile,
                                        ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
            except ssl.SSLError as x:
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\nSSLError is %s\n" % x.args[1])
            except OSError as x:
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\nOSError is %s\n" % x.args[1])
            except OSError as x:
                if x.errno != errno.ENOENT:
                    raise
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\OSError is %s\n" % str(x))
            else:
                raise AssertionError("Use of invalid cert should have failed!")

    def server_params_test(client_context, server_context, indata=b"FOO\n",
                           chatty=True, connectionchatty=False, sni_name=None):
        """
        Launch a server, connect a client to it and try various reads
        and writes.
        """
        stats = {}
        server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context,
                                    chatty=chatty,
                                    connectionchatty=False)
        with server:
            with client_context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                    server_hostname=sni_name) as s:
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                for arg in [indata, bytearray(indata), memoryview(indata)]:
                    if connectionchatty:
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(
                                " client:  sending %r...\n" % indata)
                    s.write(arg)
                    outdata = s.read()
                    if connectionchatty:
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(" client:  read %r\n" % outdata)
                    if outdata != indata.lower():
                        raise AssertionError(
                            "bad data <<%r>> (%d) received; expected <<%r>> (%d)\n"
                            % (outdata[:20], len(outdata),
                               indata[:20].lower(), len(indata)))
                s.write(b"over\n")
                if connectionchatty:
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write(" client:  closing connection.\n")
                stats.update({
                    'compression': s.compression(),
                    'cipher': s.cipher(),
                    'peercert': s.getpeercert(),
                    'client_npn_protocol': s.selected_npn_protocol()
                })
                s.close()
            stats['server_npn_protocols'] = server.selected_protocols
        return stats

    def try_protocol_combo(server_protocol, client_protocol, expect_success,
                           certsreqs=None, server_options=0, client_options=0):
        if certsreqs is None:
            certsreqs = ssl.CERT_NONE
        certtype = {
            ssl.CERT_NONE: "CERT_NONE",
            ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL: "CERT_OPTIONAL",
            ssl.CERT_REQUIRED: "CERT_REQUIRED",
        }[certsreqs]
        if support.verbose:
            formatstr = (expect_success and " %s->%s %s\n") or " {%s->%s} %s\n"
            sys.stdout.write(formatstr %
                             (ssl.get_protocol_name(client_protocol),
                              ssl.get_protocol_name(server_protocol),
                              certtype))
        client_context = ssl.SSLContext(client_protocol)
        client_context.options |= client_options
        server_context = ssl.SSLContext(server_protocol)
        server_context.options |= server_options

        # NOTE: we must enable "ALL" ciphers on the client, otherwise an
        # SSLv23 client will send an SSLv3 hello (rather than SSLv2)
        # starting from OpenSSL 1.0.0 (see issue #8322).
        if client_context.protocol == ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23:
            client_context.set_ciphers("ALL")

        for ctx in (client_context, server_context):
            ctx.verify_mode = certsreqs
            ctx.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            ctx.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
        try:
            server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                               chatty=False, connectionchatty=False)
        # Protocol mismatch can result in either an SSLError, or a
        # "Connection reset by peer" error.
        except ssl.SSLError:
            if expect_success:
                raise
        except OSError as e:
            if expect_success or e.errno != errno.ECONNRESET:
                raise
        else:
            if not expect_success:
                raise AssertionError(
                    "Client protocol %s succeeded with server protocol %s!"
                    % (ssl.get_protocol_name(client_protocol),
                       ssl.get_protocol_name(server_protocol)))


    class ThreadedTests(unittest.TestCase):

        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        def test_echo(self):
            """Basic test of an SSL client connecting to a server"""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            for protocol in PROTOCOLS:
                with self.subTest(protocol=ssl._PROTOCOL_NAMES[protocol]):
                    context = ssl.SSLContext(protocol)
                    context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
                    server_params_test(context, context,
                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)

        def test_getpeercert(self):
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            context.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=context, chatty=False)
            with server:
                s = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                        do_handshake_on_connect=False)
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                # getpeercert() raise ValueError while the handshake isn't
                # done.
                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                    s.getpeercert()
                s.do_handshake()
                cert = s.getpeercert()
                self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")
                cipher = s.cipher()
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(pprint.pformat(cert) + '\n')
                    sys.stdout.write("Connection cipher is " + str(cipher) + '.\n')
                if 'subject' not in cert:
                    self.fail("No subject field in certificate: %s." %
                              pprint.pformat(cert))
                if ((('organizationName', 'Python Software Foundation'),)
                    not in cert['subject']):
                    self.fail(
                        "Missing or invalid 'organizationName' field in certificate subject; "
                        "should be 'Python Software Foundation'.")
                self.assertIn('notBefore', cert)
                self.assertIn('notAfter', cert)
                before = ssl.cert_time_to_seconds(cert['notBefore'])
                after = ssl.cert_time_to_seconds(cert['notAfter'])
                self.assertLess(before, after)
                s.close()

        @unittest.skipUnless(have_verify_flags(),
                            "verify_flags need OpenSSL > 0.9.8")
        def test_crl_check(self):
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")

            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)

            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
            self.assertEqual(context.verify_flags, ssl.VERIFY_DEFAULT)

            # VERIFY_DEFAULT should pass
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                    cert = s.getpeercert()
                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")

            # VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF without a loaded CRL file fails
            context.verify_flags |= ssl.VERIFY_CRL_CHECK_LEAF

            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.SSLError,
                                                "certificate verify failed"):
                        s.connect((HOST, server.port))

            # now load a CRL file. The CRL file is signed by the CA.
            context.load_verify_locations(CRLFILE)

            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                    cert = s.getpeercert()
                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")

        @needs_sni
        def test_check_hostname(self):
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")

            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)

            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            context.check_hostname = True
            context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)

            # correct hostname should verify
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                         server_hostname="localhost") as s:
                    s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                    cert = s.getpeercert()
                    self.assertTrue(cert, "Can't get peer certificate.")

            # incorrect hostname should raise an exception
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                         server_hostname="invalid") as s:
                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ssl.CertificateError,
                                                "hostname 'invalid' doesn't match 'localhost'"):
                        s.connect((HOST, server.port))

            # missing server_hostname arg should cause an exception, too
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=server_context, chatty=True)
            with server:
                with socket.socket() as s:
                    with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError,
                                                "check_hostname requires server_hostname"):
                        context.wrap_socket(s)

        def test_empty_cert(self):
            """Connecting with an empty cert file"""
            bad_cert_test(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
                                      "nullcert.pem"))
        def test_malformed_cert(self):
            """Connecting with a badly formatted certificate (syntax error)"""
            bad_cert_test(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
                                       "badcert.pem"))
        def test_nonexisting_cert(self):
            """Connecting with a non-existing cert file"""
            bad_cert_test(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
                                       "wrongcert.pem"))
        def test_malformed_key(self):
            """Connecting with a badly formatted key (syntax error)"""
            bad_cert_test(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__) or os.curdir,
                                       "badkey.pem"))

        def test_rude_shutdown(self):
            """A brutal shutdown of an SSL server should raise an OSError
            in the client when attempting handshake.
            """
            listener_ready = threading.Event()
            listener_gone = threading.Event()

            s = socket.socket()
            port = support.bind_port(s, HOST)

            # `listener` runs in a thread.  It sits in an accept() until
            # the main thread connects.  Then it rudely closes the socket,
            # and sets Event `listener_gone` to let the main thread know
            # the socket is gone.
            def listener():
                s.listen(5)
                listener_ready.set()
                newsock, addr = s.accept()
                newsock.close()
                s.close()
                listener_gone.set()

            def connector():
                listener_ready.wait()
                with socket.socket() as c:
                    c.connect((HOST, port))
                    listener_gone.wait()
                    try:
                        ssl_sock = ssl.wrap_socket(c)
                    except OSError:
                        pass
                    else:
                        self.fail('connecting to closed SSL socket should have failed')

            t = threading.Thread(target=listener)
            t.start()
            try:
                connector()
            finally:
                t.join()

        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'),
                             "OpenSSL is compiled without SSLv2 support")
        def test_protocol_sslv2(self):
            """Connecting to an SSLv2 server with various client options"""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
            # SSLv23 client with specific SSL options
            if no_sslv2_implies_sslv3_hello():
                # No SSLv2 => client will use an SSLv3 hello on recent OpenSSLs
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                                   client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1)

        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        def test_protocol_sslv23(self):
            """Connecting to an SSLv23 server with various client options"""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                try:
                    try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, True)
                except OSError as x:
                    # this fails on some older versions of OpenSSL (0.9.7l, for instance)
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write(
                            " SSL2 client to SSL23 server test unexpectedly failed:\n %s\n"
                            % str(x))
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True)

            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)

            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)

            # Server with specific SSL options
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False,
                               server_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3)
            # Will choose TLSv1
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, True,
                               server_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2 | ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False,
                               server_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1)


        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        def test_protocol_sslv3(self):
            """Connecting to an SSLv3 server with various client options"""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
            if no_sslv2_implies_sslv3_hello():
                # No SSLv2 => client will use an SSLv3 hello on recent OpenSSLs
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, True,
                                   client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2)

        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        def test_protocol_tlsv1(self):
            """Connecting to a TLSv1 server with various client options"""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True, ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, True, ssl.CERT_REQUIRED)
            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1)

        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1"),
                             "TLS version 1.1 not supported.")
        def test_protocol_tlsv1_1(self):
            """Connecting to a TLSv1.1 server with various client options.
               Testing against older TLS versions."""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, True)
            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1)

            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, False)


        @skip_if_broken_ubuntu_ssl
        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, "PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2"),
                             "TLS version 1.2 not supported.")
        def test_protocol_tlsv1_2(self):
            """Connecting to a TLSv1.2 server with various client options.
               Testing against older TLS versions."""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, True,
                               server_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3|ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3|ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2,)
            if hasattr(ssl, 'PROTOCOL_SSLv2'):
                try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv2, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv3, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, False,
                               client_options=ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_2)

            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, True)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, False)
            try_protocol_combo(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_1, ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1_2, False)

        def test_starttls(self):
            """Switching from clear text to encrypted and back again."""
            msgs = (b"msg 1", b"MSG 2", b"STARTTLS", b"MSG 3", b"msg 4", b"ENDTLS", b"msg 5", b"msg 6")

            server = ThreadedEchoServer(CERTFILE,
                                        ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
                                        starttls_server=True,
                                        chatty=True,
                                        connectionchatty=True)
            wrapped = False
            with server:
                s = socket.socket()
                s.setblocking(1)
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write("\n")
                for indata in msgs:
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write(
                            " client:  sending %r...\n" % indata)
                    if wrapped:
                        conn.write(indata)
                        outdata = conn.read()
                    else:
                        s.send(indata)
                        outdata = s.recv(1024)
                    msg = outdata.strip().lower()
                    if indata == b"STARTTLS" and msg.startswith(b"ok"):
                        # STARTTLS ok, switch to secure mode
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(
                                " client:  read %r from server, starting TLS...\n"
                                % msg)
                        conn = ssl.wrap_socket(s, ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                        wrapped = True
                    elif indata == b"ENDTLS" and msg.startswith(b"ok"):
                        # ENDTLS ok, switch back to clear text
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(
                                " client:  read %r from server, ending TLS...\n"
                                % msg)
                        s = conn.unwrap()
                        wrapped = False
                    else:
                        if support.verbose:
                            sys.stdout.write(
                                " client:  read %r from server\n" % msg)
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" client:  closing connection.\n")
                if wrapped:
                    conn.write(b"over\n")
                else:
                    s.send(b"over\n")
                if wrapped:
                    conn.close()
                else:
                    s.close()

        def test_socketserver(self):
            """Using a SocketServer to create and manage SSL connections."""
            server = make_https_server(self, certfile=CERTFILE)
            # try to connect
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write('\n')
            with open(CERTFILE, 'rb') as f:
                d1 = f.read()
            d2 = ''
            # now fetch the same data from the HTTPS server
            url = 'https://%s:%d/%s' % (
                HOST, server.port, os.path.split(CERTFILE)[1])
            f = urllib.request.urlopen(url)
            try:
                dlen = f.info().get("content-length")
                if dlen and (int(dlen) > 0):
                    d2 = f.read(int(dlen))
                    if support.verbose:
                        sys.stdout.write(
                            " client: read %d bytes from remote server '%s'\n"
                            % (len(d2), server))
            finally:
                f.close()
            self.assertEqual(d1, d2)

        def test_asyncore_server(self):
            """Check the example asyncore integration."""
            indata = "TEST MESSAGE of mixed case\n"

            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")

            indata = b"FOO\n"
            server = AsyncoreEchoServer(CERTFILE)
            with server:
                s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket())
                s.connect(('127.0.0.1', server.port))
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(
                        " client:  sending %r...\n" % indata)
                s.write(indata)
                outdata = s.read()
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" client:  read %r\n" % outdata)
                if outdata != indata.lower():
                    self.fail(
                        "bad data <<%r>> (%d) received; expected <<%r>> (%d)\n"
                        % (outdata[:20], len(outdata),
                           indata[:20].lower(), len(indata)))
                s.write(b"over\n")
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" client:  closing connection.\n")
                s.close()
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" client:  connection closed.\n")

        def test_recv_send(self):
            """Test recv(), send() and friends."""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")

            server = ThreadedEchoServer(CERTFILE,
                                        certreqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                        ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
                                        cacerts=CERTFILE,
                                        chatty=True,
                                        connectionchatty=False)
            with server:
                s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                    server_side=False,
                                    certfile=CERTFILE,
                                    ca_certs=CERTFILE,
                                    cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                    ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                # helper methods for standardising recv* method signatures
                def _recv_into():
                    b = bytearray(b"\0"*100)
                    count = s.recv_into(b)
                    return b[:count]

                def _recvfrom_into():
                    b = bytearray(b"\0"*100)
                    count, addr = s.recvfrom_into(b)
                    return b[:count]

                # (name, method, whether to expect success, *args)
                send_methods = [
                    ('send', s.send, True, []),
                    ('sendto', s.sendto, False, ["some.address"]),
                    ('sendall', s.sendall, True, []),
                ]
                recv_methods = [
                    ('recv', s.recv, True, []),
                    ('recvfrom', s.recvfrom, False, ["some.address"]),
                    ('recv_into', _recv_into, True, []),
                    ('recvfrom_into', _recvfrom_into, False, []),
                ]
                data_prefix = "PREFIX_"

                for meth_name, send_meth, expect_success, args in send_methods:
                    indata = (data_prefix + meth_name).encode('ascii')
                    try:
                        send_meth(indata, *args)
                        outdata = s.read()
                        if outdata != indata.lower():
                            self.fail(
                                "While sending with <<{name:s}>> bad data "
                                "<<{outdata:r}>> ({nout:d}) received; "
                                "expected <<{indata:r}>> ({nin:d})\n".format(
                                    name=meth_name, outdata=outdata[:20],
                                    nout=len(outdata),
                                    indata=indata[:20], nin=len(indata)
                                )
                            )
                    except ValueError as e:
                        if expect_success:
                            self.fail(
                                "Failed to send with method <<{name:s}>>; "
                                "expected to succeed.\n".format(name=meth_name)
                            )
                        if not str(e).startswith(meth_name):
                            self.fail(
                                "Method <<{name:s}>> failed with unexpected "
                                "exception message: {exp:s}\n".format(
                                    name=meth_name, exp=e
                                )
                            )

                for meth_name, recv_meth, expect_success, args in recv_methods:
                    indata = (data_prefix + meth_name).encode('ascii')
                    try:
                        s.send(indata)
                        outdata = recv_meth(*args)
                        if outdata != indata.lower():
                            self.fail(
                                "While receiving with <<{name:s}>> bad data "
                                "<<{outdata:r}>> ({nout:d}) received; "
                                "expected <<{indata:r}>> ({nin:d})\n".format(
                                    name=meth_name, outdata=outdata[:20],
                                    nout=len(outdata),
                                    indata=indata[:20], nin=len(indata)
                                )
                            )
                    except ValueError as e:
                        if expect_success:
                            self.fail(
                                "Failed to receive with method <<{name:s}>>; "
                                "expected to succeed.\n".format(name=meth_name)
                            )
                        if not str(e).startswith(meth_name):
                            self.fail(
                                "Method <<{name:s}>> failed with unexpected "
                                "exception message: {exp:s}\n".format(
                                    name=meth_name, exp=e
                                )
                            )
                        # consume data
                        s.read()

                # Make sure sendmsg et al are disallowed to avoid
                # inadvertent disclosure of data and/or corruption
                # of the encrypted data stream
                self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, s.sendmsg, [b"data"])
                self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError, s.recvmsg, 100)
                self.assertRaises(NotImplementedError,
                                  s.recvmsg_into, bytearray(100))

                s.write(b"over\n")
                s.close()

        def test_handshake_timeout(self):
            # Issue #5103: SSL handshake must respect the socket timeout
            server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
            host = "127.0.0.1"
            port = support.bind_port(server)
            started = threading.Event()
            finish = False

            def serve():
                server.listen(5)
                started.set()
                conns = []
                while not finish:
                    r, w, e = select.select([server], [], [], 0.1)
                    if server in r:
                        # Let the socket hang around rather than having
                        # it closed by garbage collection.
                        conns.append(server.accept()[0])
                for sock in conns:
                    sock.close()

            t = threading.Thread(target=serve)
            t.start()
            started.wait()

            try:
                try:
                    c = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
                    c.settimeout(0.2)
                    c.connect((host, port))
                    # Will attempt handshake and time out
                    self.assertRaisesRegex(socket.timeout, "timed out",
                                           ssl.wrap_socket, c)
                finally:
                    c.close()
                try:
                    c = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
                    c = ssl.wrap_socket(c)
                    c.settimeout(0.2)
                    # Will attempt handshake and time out
                    self.assertRaisesRegex(socket.timeout, "timed out",
                                           c.connect, (host, port))
                finally:
                    c.close()
            finally:
                finish = True
                t.join()
                server.close()

        def test_server_accept(self):
            # Issue #16357: accept() on a SSLSocket created through
            # SSLContext.wrap_socket().
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            context.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            server = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET)
            host = "127.0.0.1"
            port = support.bind_port(server)
            server = context.wrap_socket(server, server_side=True)

            evt = threading.Event()
            remote = None
            peer = None
            def serve():
                nonlocal remote, peer
                server.listen(5)
                # Block on the accept and wait on the connection to close.
                evt.set()
                remote, peer = server.accept()
                remote.recv(1)

            t = threading.Thread(target=serve)
            t.start()
            # Client wait until server setup and perform a connect.
            evt.wait()
            client = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket())
            client.connect((host, port))
            client_addr = client.getsockname()
            client.close()
            t.join()
            remote.close()
            server.close()
            # Sanity checks.
            self.assertIsInstance(remote, ssl.SSLSocket)
            self.assertEqual(peer, client_addr)

        def test_getpeercert_enotconn(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as sock:
                with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
                    sock.getpeercert()
                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOTCONN)

        def test_do_handshake_enotconn(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as sock:
                with self.assertRaises(OSError) as cm:
                    sock.do_handshake()
                self.assertEqual(cm.exception.errno, errno.ENOTCONN)

        def test_default_ciphers(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            try:
                # Force a set of weak ciphers on our client context
                context.set_ciphers("DES")
            except ssl.SSLError:
                self.skipTest("no DES cipher available")
            with ThreadedEchoServer(CERTFILE,
                                    ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23,
                                    chatty=False) as server:
                with context.wrap_socket(socket.socket()) as s:
                    with self.assertRaises(OSError):
                        s.connect((HOST, server.port))
            self.assertIn("no shared cipher", str(server.conn_errors[0]))

        @unittest.skipUnless("tls-unique" in ssl.CHANNEL_BINDING_TYPES,
                             "'tls-unique' channel binding not available")
        def test_tls_unique_channel_binding(self):
            """Test tls-unique channel binding."""
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write("\n")

            server = ThreadedEchoServer(CERTFILE,
                                        certreqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                        ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1,
                                        cacerts=CERTFILE,
                                        chatty=True,
                                        connectionchatty=False)
            with server:
                s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                    server_side=False,
                                    certfile=CERTFILE,
                                    ca_certs=CERTFILE,
                                    cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                    ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                # get the data
                cb_data = s.get_channel_binding("tls-unique")
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" got channel binding data: {0!r}\n"
                                     .format(cb_data))

                # check if it is sane
                self.assertIsNotNone(cb_data)
                self.assertEqual(len(cb_data), 12) # True for TLSv1

                # and compare with the peers version
                s.write(b"CB tls-unique\n")
                peer_data_repr = s.read().strip()
                self.assertEqual(peer_data_repr,
                                 repr(cb_data).encode("us-ascii"))
                s.close()

                # now, again
                s = ssl.wrap_socket(socket.socket(),
                                    server_side=False,
                                    certfile=CERTFILE,
                                    ca_certs=CERTFILE,
                                    cert_reqs=ssl.CERT_NONE,
                                    ssl_version=ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                new_cb_data = s.get_channel_binding("tls-unique")
                if support.verbose:
                    sys.stdout.write(" got another channel binding data: {0!r}\n"
                                     .format(new_cb_data))
                # is it really unique
                self.assertNotEqual(cb_data, new_cb_data)
                self.assertIsNotNone(cb_data)
                self.assertEqual(len(cb_data), 12) # True for TLSv1
                s.write(b"CB tls-unique\n")
                peer_data_repr = s.read().strip()
                self.assertEqual(peer_data_repr,
                                 repr(new_cb_data).encode("us-ascii"))
                s.close()

        def test_compression(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            stats = server_params_test(context, context,
                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
            if support.verbose:
                sys.stdout.write(" got compression: {!r}\n".format(stats['compression']))
            self.assertIn(stats['compression'], { None, 'ZLIB', 'RLE' })

        @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(ssl, 'OP_NO_COMPRESSION'),
                             "ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION needed for this test")
        def test_compression_disabled(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            context.options |= ssl.OP_NO_COMPRESSION
            stats = server_params_test(context, context,
                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
            self.assertIs(stats['compression'], None)

        def test_dh_params(self):
            # Check we can get a connection with ephemeral Diffie-Hellman
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            context.load_dh_params(DHFILE)
            context.set_ciphers("kEDH")
            stats = server_params_test(context, context,
                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
            cipher = stats["cipher"][0]
            parts = cipher.split("-")
            if "ADH" not in parts and "EDH" not in parts and "DHE" not in parts:
                self.fail("Non-DH cipher: " + cipher[0])

        def test_selected_npn_protocol(self):
            # selected_npn_protocol() is None unless NPN is used
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            stats = server_params_test(context, context,
                                       chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)
            self.assertIs(stats['client_npn_protocol'], None)

        @unittest.skipUnless(ssl.HAS_NPN, "NPN support needed for this test")
        def test_npn_protocols(self):
            server_protocols = ['http/1.1', 'spdy/2']
            protocol_tests = [
                (['http/1.1', 'spdy/2'], 'http/1.1'),
                (['spdy/2', 'http/1.1'], 'http/1.1'),
                (['spdy/2', 'test'], 'spdy/2'),
                (['abc', 'def'], 'abc')
            ]
            for client_protocols, expected in protocol_tests:
                server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                server_context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
                server_context.set_npn_protocols(server_protocols)
                client_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
                client_context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
                client_context.set_npn_protocols(client_protocols)
                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                           chatty=True, connectionchatty=True)

                msg = "failed trying %s (s) and %s (c).\n" \
                      "was expecting %s, but got %%s from the %%s" \
                          % (str(server_protocols), str(client_protocols),
                             str(expected))
                client_result = stats['client_npn_protocol']
                self.assertEqual(client_result, expected, msg % (client_result, "client"))
                server_result = stats['server_npn_protocols'][-1] \
                    if len(stats['server_npn_protocols']) else 'nothing'
                self.assertEqual(server_result, expected, msg % (server_result, "server"))

        def sni_contexts(self):
            server_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            server_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE)
            other_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            other_context.load_cert_chain(SIGNED_CERTFILE2)
            client_context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1)
            client_context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            client_context.load_verify_locations(SIGNING_CA)
            return server_context, other_context, client_context

        def check_common_name(self, stats, name):
            cert = stats['peercert']
            self.assertIn((('commonName', name),), cert['subject'])

        @needs_sni
        def test_sni_callback(self):
            calls = []
            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()

            def servername_cb(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
                calls.append((server_name, initial_context))
                if server_name is not None:
                    ssl_sock.context = other_context
            server_context.set_servername_callback(servername_cb)

            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                       chatty=True,
                                       sni_name='supermessage')
            # The hostname was fetched properly, and the certificate was
            # changed for the connection.
            self.assertEqual(calls, [("supermessage", server_context)])
            # CERTFILE4 was selected
            self.check_common_name(stats, 'fakehostname')

            calls = []
            # The callback is called with server_name=None
            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                       chatty=True,
                                       sni_name=None)
            self.assertEqual(calls, [(None, server_context)])
            self.check_common_name(stats, 'localhost')

            # Check disabling the callback
            calls = []
            server_context.set_servername_callback(None)

            stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                       chatty=True,
                                       sni_name='notfunny')
            # Certificate didn't change
            self.check_common_name(stats, 'localhost')
            self.assertEqual(calls, [])

        @needs_sni
        def test_sni_callback_alert(self):
            # Returning a TLS alert is reflected to the connecting client
            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()

            def cb_returning_alert(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
                return ssl.ALERT_DESCRIPTION_ACCESS_DENIED
            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_returning_alert)

            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm:
                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                           chatty=False,
                                           sni_name='supermessage')
            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'TLSV1_ALERT_ACCESS_DENIED')

        @needs_sni
        def test_sni_callback_raising(self):
            # Raising fails the connection with a TLS handshake failure alert.
            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()

            def cb_raising(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
                1/0
            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_raising)

            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm, \
                 support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                           chatty=False,
                                           sni_name='supermessage')
            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE')
            self.assertIn("ZeroDivisionError", stderr.getvalue())

        @needs_sni
        def test_sni_callback_wrong_return_type(self):
            # Returning the wrong return type terminates the TLS connection
            # with an internal error alert.
            server_context, other_context, client_context = self.sni_contexts()

            def cb_wrong_return_type(ssl_sock, server_name, initial_context):
                return "foo"
            server_context.set_servername_callback(cb_wrong_return_type)

            with self.assertRaises(ssl.SSLError) as cm, \
                 support.captured_stderr() as stderr:
                stats = server_params_test(client_context, server_context,
                                           chatty=False,
                                           sni_name='supermessage')
            self.assertEqual(cm.exception.reason, 'TLSV1_ALERT_INTERNAL_ERROR')
            self.assertIn("TypeError", stderr.getvalue())

        def test_read_write_after_close_raises_valuerror(self):
            context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23)
            context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
            context.load_verify_locations(CERTFILE)
            context.load_cert_chain(CERTFILE)
            server = ThreadedEchoServer(context=context, chatty=False)

            with server:
                s = context.wrap_socket(socket.socket())
                s.connect((HOST, server.port))
                s.close()

                self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.read, 1024)
                self.assertRaises(ValueError, s.write, b'hello')


def test_main(verbose=False):
    if support.verbose:
        plats = {
            'Linux': platform.linux_distribution,
            'Mac': platform.mac_ver,
            'Windows': platform.win32_ver,
        }
        for name, func in plats.items():
            plat = func()
            if plat and plat[0]:
                plat = '%s %r' % (name, plat)
                break
        else:
            plat = repr(platform.platform())
        print("test_ssl: testing with %r %r" %
            (ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION, ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO))
        print("          under %s" % plat)
        print("          HAS_SNI = %r" % ssl.HAS_SNI)
        print("          OP_ALL = 0x%8x" % ssl.OP_ALL)
        try:
            print("          OP_NO_TLSv1_1 = 0x%8x" % ssl.OP_NO_TLSv1_1)
        except AttributeError:
            pass

    for filename in [
        CERTFILE, SVN_PYTHON_ORG_ROOT_CERT, BYTES_CERTFILE,
        ONLYCERT, ONLYKEY, BYTES_ONLYCERT, BYTES_ONLYKEY,
        SIGNED_CERTFILE, SIGNED_CERTFILE2, SIGNING_CA,
        BADCERT, BADKEY, EMPTYCERT]:
        if not os.path.exists(filename):
            raise support.TestFailed("Can't read certificate file %r" % filename)

    tests = [ContextTests, BasicSocketTests, SSLErrorTests]

    if support.is_resource_enabled('network'):
        tests.append(NetworkedTests)

    if _have_threads:
        thread_info = support.threading_setup()
        if thread_info:
            tests.append(ThreadedTests)

    try:
        support.run_unittest(*tests)
    finally:
        if _have_threads:
            support.threading_cleanup(*thread_info)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()