1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
|
/* Use this file as a template to start implementing a module that
also declares object types. All occurrences of 'Xxo' should be changed
to something reasonable for your objects. After that, all other
occurrences of 'xx' should be changed to something reasonable for your
module. If your module is named foo your sourcefile should be named
foomodule.c.
You will probably want to delete all references to 'x_attr' and add
your own types of attributes instead. Maybe you want to name your
local variables other than 'self'. If your object type is needed in
other files, you'll have to create a file "foobarobject.h"; see
intobject.h for an example. */
/* Xxo objects */
#include "Python.h"
static PyObject *ErrorObject;
typedef struct {
PyObject_HEAD
PyObject *x_attr; /* Attributes dictionary */
} XxoObject;
static PyTypeObject Xxo_Type;
#define XxoObject_Check(v) ((v)->ob_type == &Xxo_Type)
static XxoObject *
newXxoObject(PyObject *arg)
{
XxoObject *self;
self = PyObject_New(XxoObject, &Xxo_Type);
if (self == NULL)
return NULL;
self->x_attr = NULL;
return self;
}
/* Xxo methods */
static void
Xxo_dealloc(XxoObject *self)
{
Py_XDECREF(self->x_attr);
PyObject_Del(self);
}
static PyObject *
Xxo_demo(XxoObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":demo"))
return NULL;
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
return Py_None;
}
static PyMethodDef Xxo_methods[] = {
{"demo", (PyCFunction)Xxo_demo, METH_VARARGS,
PyDoc_STR("demo() -> None")},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
static PyObject *
Xxo_getattr(XxoObject *self, char *name)
{
if (self->x_attr != NULL) {
PyObject *v = PyDict_GetItemString(self->x_attr, name);
if (v != NULL) {
Py_INCREF(v);
return v;
}
}
return Py_FindMethod(Xxo_methods, (PyObject *)self, name);
}
static int
Xxo_setattr(XxoObject *self, char *name, PyObject *v)
{
if (self->x_attr == NULL) {
self->x_attr = PyDict_New();
if (self->x_attr == NULL)
return -1;
}
if (v == NULL) {
int rv = PyDict_DelItemString(self->x_attr, name);
if (rv < 0)
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_AttributeError,
"delete non-existing Xxo attribute");
return rv;
}
else
return PyDict_SetItemString(self->x_attr, name, v);
}
static PyTypeObject Xxo_Type = {
/* The ob_type field must be initialized in the module init function
* to be portable to Windows without using C++. */
PyObject_HEAD_INIT(NULL)
0, /*ob_size*/
"xxmodule.Xxo", /*tp_name*/
sizeof(XxoObject), /*tp_basicsize*/
0, /*tp_itemsize*/
/* methods */
(destructor)Xxo_dealloc, /*tp_dealloc*/
0, /*tp_print*/
(getattrfunc)Xxo_getattr, /*tp_getattr*/
(setattrfunc)Xxo_setattr, /*tp_setattr*/
0, /*tp_compare*/
0, /*tp_repr*/
0, /*tp_as_number*/
0, /*tp_as_sequence*/
0, /*tp_as_mapping*/
0, /*tp_hash*/
0, /*tp_call*/
0, /*tp_str*/
0, /*tp_getattro*/
0, /*tp_setattro*/
0, /*tp_as_buffer*/
Py_TPFLAGS_DEFAULT, /*tp_flags*/
0, /*tp_doc*/
0, /*tp_traverse*/
0, /*tp_clear*/
0, /*tp_richcompare*/
0, /*tp_weaklistoffset*/
0, /*tp_iter*/
0, /*tp_iternext*/
0, /*tp_methods*/
0, /*tp_members*/
0, /*tp_getset*/
0, /*tp_base*/
0, /*tp_dict*/
0, /*tp_descr_get*/
0, /*tp_descr_set*/
0, /*tp_dictoffset*/
0, /*tp_init*/
0, /*tp_alloc*/
0, /*tp_new*/
0, /*tp_free*/
0, /*tp_is_gc*/
};
/* --------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* Function of two integers returning integer */
PyDoc_STRVAR(xx_foo_doc,
"foo(i,j)\n\
\n\
Return the sum of i and j.");
static PyObject *
xx_foo(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
long i, j;
long res;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ll:foo", &i, &j))
return NULL;
res = i+j; /* XXX Do something here */
return PyInt_FromLong(res);
}
/* Function of no arguments returning new Xxo object */
static PyObject *
xx_new(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
XxoObject *rv;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, ":new"))
return NULL;
rv = newXxoObject(args);
if (rv == NULL)
return NULL;
return (PyObject *)rv;
}
/* Example with subtle bug from extensions manual ("Thin Ice"). */
static PyObject *
xx_bug(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *list, *item;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O:bug", &list))
return NULL;
item = PyList_GetItem(list, 0);
/* Py_INCREF(item); */
PyList_SetItem(list, 1, PyInt_FromLong(0L));
PyObject_Print(item, stdout, 0);
printf("\n");
/* Py_DECREF(item); */
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
return Py_None;
}
/* Test bad format character */
static PyObject *
xx_roj(PyObject *self, PyObject *args)
{
PyObject *a;
long b;
if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "O#:roj", &a, &b))
return NULL;
Py_INCREF(Py_None);
return Py_None;
}
/* List of functions defined in the module */
static PyMethodDef xx_methods[] = {
{"roj", xx_roj, METH_VARARGS,
PyDoc_STR("roj(a,b) -> None")},
{"foo", xx_foo, METH_VARARGS,
xx_foo_doc},
{"new", xx_new, METH_VARARGS,
PyDoc_STR("new() -> new Xx object")},
{"bug", xx_bug, METH_VARARGS,
PyDoc_STR("bug(o) -> None")},
{NULL, NULL} /* sentinel */
};
PyDoc_STRVAR(module_doc,
"This is a template module just for instruction.");
/* Initialization function for the module (*must* be called initxx) */
PyMODINIT_FUNC
initxx(void)
{
PyObject *m;
/* Finalize the type object including setting type of the new type
* object; doing it here is required for portability to Windows
* without requiring C++. */
if (PyType_Ready(&Xxo_Type) < 0)
return;
/* Create the module and add the functions */
m = Py_InitModule3("xx", xx_methods, module_doc);
/* Add some symbolic constants to the module */
if (ErrorObject == NULL) {
ErrorObject = PyErr_NewException("xx.error", NULL, NULL);
if (ErrorObject == NULL)
return;
}
Py_INCREF(ErrorObject);
PyModule_AddObject(m, "error", ErrorObject);
}
|
